Políticas de desarrollo rural y nuevas dinámicas territoriales: el caso de Andalucía

La Política de Desarrollo Rural que se ha implementado en los territorios rurales europeos desde finales de la década de los 90 está vinculada a una creciente intervención en los mismos de distintas instituciones encargadas de liderar, gestionar y ejecutar las diversas acciones de desarrollo emanadas desde la Política Agraria Común (PAC). Esta institucionalización del desarrollo ha generado la presencia y multiplicación en estos espacios de agencias de distintos ámbitos: europeas, estatales, regionales, supralocales y locales. Nos situamos así, frente a la importante esfera institucional del desarrollo que, a este nivel, remite a una adecuación a escala local del modelo genérico, mediante el despliegue de estrategias y prácticas que se institucionalizan y dirigen la acción económica y se traduce en propuestas concretas, emanadas de los valores promovidos por tales modelos genéricos. Entender este nuevo mapa institucional es fundamental para explicar la profunda transformación del escenario rural europeo en las tres últimas décadas, porque han sido estas nuevas agencias de intervención, profundamente imbricadas en sus respectivos territorios, las que han instrumentalizado a nivel local las grandes líneas del desarrollo rural generadas desde el ámbito supranacional europeo. Una de las consecuencias inmediatas de estos nuevos instrumentos de intervención ha sido la generación de un nuevo mapa institucional que ha modificando la forma en que la sociedad y la administración confrontan la situación de las comunidades rurales dentro de la UE. En concreto lo que estas políticas han estado introduciendo han sido nuevas formas de gestión, como el “multilevel governance” y nuevos procesos de toma de decisiones basadas en el sistema “bottom-up”, a partir de las que se ha generado este nuevo mapa institucional, que ha venido a incrementar la presencia de agencias de gobierno local y de administraciones supramunicipales

Quality labels and institutional density in the Agrofood sector: The case of Andalusia

Our paper analyses the gradual increase of quality labels in rural areas of Europe and the effect of Institutional Density (ID) over them. This new producer’s strategy is related to three different but related processes: changes in the global markets and consumer patterns, and within the European Rural Policy. Such scenario partly explains the increase of labelling as a strategy inrural areas, but not their success or failure. The contribution of this paper is to analyse three different kinds of labels (Protected Designation of Origin, Organic Agriculture and Parque Natural de Andalucía) in relation to the grade of Institutional Density (ID). We chose to study the case of Andalucía (Spain), a region characterized by economic centrality of agro-industry and for being one of the European areas with greater presence of institutional development agencies. The data was collected during fieldwork, and quantitative and qualitative techniques were implemente

Rural Develoment Policies and Rural Governability: the Andalusian case

Since the beginning of the 90s, the EU Rural Development Policy (RDP) embodied on different programmes and initiatives -such as Leader- has been changing the institutional way to approach rural communities among State Members. This new policy has been introducing new ideas such as multi-level governance or bottom-up decision making process, which have unfolded a new model of rural governance in Europe. Therefore, the hypothesis of this paper is that EU RPD is a key element in the ongoing process of deep transformation of rural governance in Andalusia. This paper is the outcome of an empirical research based on fieldwork techniques that produced quantitative and qualitative data, which try to combine the micro and macro perspective. Therefore, the current situation and model of rural governance in Andalusia will be explained; ethnographic examples of rural county governance will be used as empiric examples.The Andalusian case represents an incredible chance to study this new model of rural governance, because 90% of the Andalusian territory has been defined as rural. At the same time, this rural territory has been divided in 50 Rural Development Areas (RDA) or counties with 50 Local Action Groups (LAGs).This paper demonstrates that this institutional network has become key element on rural governance in Andalusia, and that LAGs have a powerful position due to their mediation role between civil society and public administration

Quality labels and institutional density in the agro-food sector: the case of Andalusia (Spain)

This paper analyses the gradual increase on the use of quality labels in rural areas of Europe and the effect of Institutional Density (ID) over them within the agro-food sector. This producer’s strategy is related to three different but related processes: i) changes in the global markets, ii) new consumer patterns, iii) transformation of the rural policies. Such scenario partly explains the increase of labelling food products to add value as an economic strategy in rural areas, but not their success or failure. The contribution of this paper is to analyse representative cases of two different quality food labels: Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) and Organic Agriculture (OA) in relation to the level of ID that supported their implementation. We chose Andalusia (Spain) due to the economic centrality of its agro-food sector and for being one of the European areaswith greater presence of development agencies. The data was collected during fieldwork, and quantitative and qualitative technique were implemented

Host virus and pneumococcus-specific immune responses in high-count monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis and chronic lymphocytic leukemia: implications for disease progression

[EN]Patients diagnosed with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) display a high incidence of infections due to an associated immunodeficiency that includes hypogammaglobulinemia. A higher risk of infections has also been recently reported for high-count monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis, while no information is available in low-count monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis. Here, we evaluated the status of the humoral immune system in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (n=58), as well as in low- (n=71) and high- (n=29) count monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis versus healthy donors (n=91). Total free plasma immunoglobulin titers and specific levels of antibodies against cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, influenza and S.pneumoniae were measured by nephelometry and ELISA-based techniques, respectively. Overall, our results show that both CLL and high-count monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis patients, but not low-count monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis subjects, present with relatively high levels of antibodies specific for the latent viruses investigated, associated with progressively lower levels of S.pneumoniae-specific immunoglobulins

The Hydropathy Index of the HCDR3 Region of the B-Cell Receptor Identifies Two Subgroups of IGHV-Mutated Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Patients With Distinct Outcome

© 2021 Rodríguez-Caballero, Fuentes Herrero, Oliva Ariza, Criado, Alcoceba, Prieto, Pérez Caro, García-Montero, González Díaz, Forconi, Sarmento-Ribeiro, Almeida and Orfao.The HCDR3 sequences of the B-cell receptor (BCR) undergo constraints in length, amino acid use, and charge during maturation of B-cell precursors and after antigen encounter, leading to BCR and antibodies with high affinity to specific antigens. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia consists of an expansion of B-cells with a mixed immature and “antigen-experienced” phenotype, with either a mutated (M-CLL) or unmutated (U-CLL) tumor BCR, associated with distinct patient outcomes. Here, we investigated the hydropathy index of the BCR of 138 CLL patients and its association with the IGHV mutational status and patient outcome. Overall, two clearly distinct subgroups of M-CLL patients emerged, based on a neutral (mean hydropathy index of -0.1) vs. negatively charged BCR (mean hydropathy index of -1.1) with molecular features closer to those of B-cell precursors and peripheral/mature B-cells, respectively. Despite that M-CLL with neutral HCDR3 did not show traits associated with a mature B-cell repertoire, important differences in IGHV gene usage of tumor cells and patient outcome were observed in this subgroup of patients once compared to both U-CLL and M-CLL with negatively charged HCDR3 sequences. Compared to M-CLL with negatively charged HCDR3 sequences, M-CLL with neutral HCDR3 sequences showed predominance of men, more advanced stages of the disease, and a greater frequency of genetic alterations—e.g., del(17p)—together with a higher rate of disease progression and shorter time to therapy (TTT), independently of other prognostic factors. Our data suggest that the hydropathy index of the HCDR3 sequences of CLL cells allows the identification of a subgroup of M-CLL with intermediate prognostic features between U-CLL and the more favorable subgroup of M-CLL with a negatively charged BCR.This work was supported by the following grants: FS/37-2017, from the Fundación Memoria D. Samuel Solórzano, Universidad de Salamanca; FIS PI17/00399-FEDER, from the Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria of Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; 0639_IDIAL_NET_3_E, from cooperative network EPINTERREG V A España Portugal (POCTEP); and ECRIN-M3, Accelerator Award Full, Cancer Research UK, Fundación Cientıfíca de la Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer (AECC), Fondazione AIRC per la Ricerca sul Cancro.

Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Activity Is Correlated with Colorectal Cancer Prognosis

Background Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (EC 3.4.14.5) (DPPIV) is a serine peptidase involved in cell differentiation, adhesion, immune modulation and apoptosis, functions that control neoplastic transformation. Previous studies have demonstrated altered expression and activity of tissue and circulating DPPIV in several cancers and proposed its potential usefulness for early diagnosis in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods and principal findings The activity and mRNA and protein expression of DPPIV was prospectively analyzed in adenocarcinomas, adenomas, uninvolved colorectal mucosa and plasma from 116 CRC patients by fluorimetric, quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemical methods. Results were correlated with the most important classic pathological data related to aggressiveness and with 5-year survival rates. Results showed that: 1) mRNA levels and activity of DPPIV increased in colorectal neoplasms (Kruskal-Wallis test, p<0.01); 2) Both adenomas and CRCs displayed positive cytoplasmic immunostaining with luminal membrane reinforcement; 3) Plasmatic DPPIV activity was lower in CRC patients than in healthy subjects (Mann-U test, p<0.01); 4) Plasmatic DPPIV activity was associated with worse overall and disease-free survivals (log-rank p<0.01, Cox analysis p<0.01). Conclusion/significance 1) Up-regulation of DPPIV in colorectal tumors suggests a role for this enzyme in the neoplastic transformation of colorectal tissues. This finding opens the possibility for new therapeutic targets in these patients. 2) Plasmatic DPPIV is an independent prognostic factor in survival of CRC patients. The determination of DPPIV activity levels in the plasma may be a safe, minimally invasive and inexpensive way to define the aggressiveness of CRC in daily practice.This work was supported by grants from the Basque Government (IT8-11/13), the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU (UFI 11/44), and the Gangoiti Barrera Foundation. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript

Residual normal B-cell profiles in monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis versus chronic lymphocytic leukemia

© The Author(s) 2018.Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common adult leukemia in Western countries, which is characterized by the accumulation of mature CD5+/CD20lo/CD23+ clonal B-cells in peripheral blood (PB), bone marrow (BM), and other lymphoid tissues [1]. Currently, it is well-established that CLL is systematically preceded by a pre-leukemic stage, known as monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL) [2]; MBL includes both low-count (MBLlo) and high-count MBL (MBLhi), depending on the number of PB clonal B-cells (70 y) [4, 5]. The biological and clinical significance of CLL-like clonal B-cells in PB of otherwise healthy individuals (MBLlo) has not been fully elucidated [6,7,8]. Recently, we have reported a very low rate of transformation of MBLlo to MBLhi/CLL, after 7 years of follow-up [8]. In contrast, we found a higher frequency of deaths in MBLlo subjects vs. age- and sex-matched non-MBL healthy adults from the same geographical area; among the former subjects, infection was an overrepresented cause of death (21% vs. 2%, respectively) [8]. This is in line with previous studies showing an ≈3-fold increased risk of infection in both MBLhi and CLL patients, in whom infections also represent a major cause of death [9, 10].This work was supported by the RD06/0020/0035 and RD12/0036/0048 grants from Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Cáncer (RTICC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, (Madrid, Spain and FONDOS FEDER); CB16/12/00400 and CB16/12/00233 grants, CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, (Madrid, Spain and FONDOS FEDER); the FIS PI06/0824-FEDER, PS09/02430-FEDER, PI12/00905-FEDER, DTS15/00119-FEDER, and PI17/00399-FEDER grants, from the Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria of Instituto de Salud Carlos III; the GRS206/A/08 grant (Ayuda al Grupo GR37 de Excelencia, SAN/1778/2009) from the Gerencia Regional de Salud (Consejería de Educación and Consejería de Sanidad of Castilla y León, Valladolid, Spain). MLG is supported by grant PTA2014-09963-I from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III and AR-C is supported by grant CB16/12/00400, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad

Innovación en docencia impartida en seminarios del Grado de Farmacia mediante evaluación “por pares“ de trabajos

Memoria ID2022-213 Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2022-2023