DIVERSIDADE DE COLEOPTERA (ARTHROPODA: INSECTA) E ATRIBUTOS EDÁFICOS EM SISTEMAS DE USO DO SOLO NO PLANALTO CATARINENSE

Os coleópteros (Coleoptera) se distribuem em diferentes áreas e profundidades do solo e são importantes executores de serviços ambientais. Seu estudo representa um excelente foco para elucidar os efeitos da perturbação antrópica sobre a biodiversidade e funções dos ecossistemas. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a diversidade de famílias de coleópteros em sistemas de uso do solo (SUS), bem como a relação destes com os atributos edáficos. Os sistemas estudados envolvem: floresta nativa (FN), reflorestamento de eucalipto (RE), pastagem (PA), integração lavoura-pecuária (ILP) e lavoura com plantio direto (PD). As amostras foram coletadas em grade de amostragem de 3 × 3 pontos, distanciados entre si em 30 m, nos períodos de inverno e verão, em três municípios do Planalto Sul Catarinense, considerados réplicas verdadeiras. Os invertebrados edáficos foram coletados pelos métodos Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility (TSBF) e Pitfall traps (armadilhas de queda). Nos mesmos pontos coletaram-se amostras para determinação dos atributos físicos e químicos do solo. Utilizou-se análise estatística multivariada para a composição da comunidade, sendo, as variáveis ambientais consideradas como explicativas. Foram estudados 1.437 indivíduos, sendo a Família Staphylinidae a mais representativa. Os sistemas RE e PD apresentaram maior diversidade de acordo com o índice de Shannon (H). As análises de componentes principais demonstraram distinção na distribuição dos invertebrados entre os diferentes SUS. As propriedades do solo contribuíram para explicar essa variação, dando destaque aos atributos matéria orgânica e porosidade que favoreceram a maior abundância de Coleoptera em FN e a ocorrência de Staphylinidae, potencial bioindicador das condições do ambiente

FAUNA E SUA RELAÇÃO COM ATRIBUTOS EDÁFICOS EM LAGES, SANTA CATARINA - BRASIL

A fauna edáfica é sensível a perturbações ambientais e sua resposta pode indicar o estado de conservação do solo em locais com diferentes uso e manejo. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a diversidade de grupos da fauna invertebrada e sua relação com atributos edáficos em três sistemas de uso do solo (SUS): Floresta Nativa (FN), Reflorestamento de Pinus (RP) e Campo Nativo Melhorado (CNM), no município de Lages, SC. A amostragem consistiu em três pontos distanciados entre si por 30 metros, estabelecidos ao longo de transectos, em cada SUS. Avaliaram-se os atributos físicos e químicos do solo e da abundância e diversidade da fauna, coletada pelos métodos Pitfall traps e Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility (TSBF). Os dados foram submetidos a análise estatística multivariada. Identificaram-se 1210 organismos do solo, pertencentes a 17 grupos taxonômicos, sendo, os mais representativos Collembola e Coleoptera, independente do SUS. A FN apresentou maior riqueza e diversidade da fauna edáfica em comparação aos outros sistemas. Os maiores teores de matéria orgânica e pH demonstraram relação com Oligochaeta, Enchytraeidae e Collembola. A umidade do solo contribuiu para explicar a abundância dos grupos em CNM e FN. Contudo, a fauna mostrou respostas diferentes na sua distribuição para cada SUS, logo, as variáveis ambientais podem limitar o estabelecimento dos invertebrados mais frequentes no solo. Os sistemas FN e CNM apresentaram melhores condições dos atributos edáficos e por isso maior biodiversidade, quando comparados ao RP

Diversidade de Coleoptera (Arthropoda: Insecta) e atributos edáficos em sistemas de uso do solo no Planalto Catarinense

Beetles (Coleoptera) are distributed in different areas and soil depths and they are important executors of several environmental services. Their study is an excellent tool to elucidate the effects of human disturbance on biodiversity and ecosystem functions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diversity of Coleoptera families in different land use systems (LUS) and their relationship with soil properties. The systems were: native forest (NF), eucalyptus plantations (EP), pasture (PA), crop-livestock integration (CLI) and with no-tillage crop (NT). The samples were collected in sampling grid of 3 × 3 points apart from each other at 30 m, in the periods of winter and summer, in three municipalities of the highlands of Santa Catarina state. Edaphic invertebrates were collected by methods of monoliths (Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility - TSBF) and Pitfall traps. In the same points samples soil was collected to determine the physical and chemical properties. The multivariate statistical analysis was used to the community composition, and the environmental variables were considered as explanations. 1.437 individuals were collected, the Staphylinidae, Carabidae and Scarabaeidae families was the most representative. The EP and NT systems showed the greatest diversity in accordance with the Shannon-Wiener index (H). The principal component analysis showed distinction in the distribution of invertebrates between different LUS. Soil properties contributed to explain this variation, having influence on the diversity of Coleoptera families, highlighting the attributes organic matter and porosity that favored the greatest abundance of families in NFOs coleópteros (Coleoptera) se distribuem em diferentes áreas e profundidades do solo e são importantes executores de diversos serviços ecossistêmicos. Seu estudo representa uma excelente ferramenta para elucidar os efeitos da perturbação antrópica sobre a biodiversidade e funções dos ecossistemas. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a diversidade de famílias de coleópteros em diferentes sistemas de uso do solo (SUS), bem como a relação destes com os atributos edáficos. Os sistemas estudados foram: floresta nativa (FN), reflorestamento de eucalipto (RE), pastagem (PA), integração lavoura-pecuária (ILP) e lavoura com plantio direto (PD). As amostras foram coletadas em grade de amostragem de 3 × 3 pontos, distanciados entre si em 30 m, nos períodos de inverno e verão, em três municípios do Planalto Sul Catarinense. Os coleópteros edáficos foram coletados pelos métodos de escavação “Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility – TSBF” e armadilhas “Pitfall traps”. Nos mesmos pontos coletaram-se amostras para determinação dos atributos físicos e químicos do solo. Utilizou-se análise estatística multivariada para a composição da comunidade, sendo, as variáveis ambientais consideradas como explicativas. Foram capturados 1.437 indivíduos, sendo as Famílias Staphylinidae, Carabidae e Scarabaeidae as mais representativas. Os sistemas RE e PD apresentaram maior diversidade de acordo com o índice de Shannon-Wiener (H). As análises de componentes principais demonstraram distinção na distribuição dos invertebrados entre os diferentes SUS. As propriedades do solo contribuíram para explicar essa variação, tendo influência na diversidade de famílias de Coleoptera, destacando-se os atributos matéria orgânica e porosidade que favoreceram a maior abundância de famílias em FN

Morphological Diversity of Springtails in Land Use Systems

ABSTRACT: Springtails (Collembola) are soil organisms with wide morphological diversity and are sensitive to alterations in the soil, regardless of whether they are human-caused or not. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of land use on the morphological diversity of springtails and verify their relationships with soil physical, chemical, and microbiological properties. Samples were collected in the eastern region of Santa Catarina, in three municipalities: Joinville, Blumenau, and Timbó. They included the following land use systems (LUSs): native forest (NF), Eucalyptus plantation (EP), pasture (PA), integrated crop-livestock (ICL), and no tillage (NT). Samples were collected to determine soil properties, and pitfall traps were set in the winter and summer at the same points. The captured springtails were counted and morphotyped, observing features such as presence or absence of ocelli and setae, pigmentation, antenna length, and furcula length. The data were analyzed based on abundance, the Shannon-Wiener (H') and Margalef diversity indices, Pielou's evenness index (J), morphotype richness, modified Soil Biological Quality index (QBS), and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Springtails abundance was higher in ICL and PA, whereas morphotype richness was higher in NF and ICL in the winter. The Shannon-Wiener and Margalef indices were higher in the winter in NF. In the summer, only H' differed significantly among the LUSs and was higher in NF. The QBS values did not precisely follow the human intervention gradient in either of the two periods. The PCA showed difference among the periods and LUSs. In the winter, the occurrence of morphotypes was related to soil microbiological and chemical properties, whereas in the summer, the distribution of morphotypes was explained by soil physical and chemical properties. Morphological diversity analysis is a good alternative to study springtail distribution and soil biological quality, especially when associated with multivariate techniques

Fauna e sua relação com atributos edáficos em Lages, Santa Catarina – Brasil

The soil fauna is sensitive to environmental disturbances, their response may indicate the state of soil conservation in different uses and management practices. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diversity of invertebrate fauna groups and its relationship with edaphic attributes in three land uses: Native Forest (NF), Pinus Reforestation (PR) and Native Improved Grassland (NIM), in Lages, SC - Brazil. Sampling consisted of three points distanced each other 30 meters, established along transects, on each system. The evaluations were physical and chemical soil attributes and the abundance and diversity of fauna, collected by methods Pitfall traps and Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility. The data were subjected to multivariate statistical analysis. They identified 1.210 soil organisms belonging to 17 taxonomic groups. The most representative groups were Collembola and Coleoptera, independent of the use. The NF has introduced greater richness and diversity of soil fauna in comparison to other LUS. The highest levels of organic matter and soil pH showed a relationship with Oligochaeta, Enchytraeidae and Collembola. The values of moisture contributed to explain the greater abundance of groups in NIM and NF. However, the soil fauna showed different responses in its distribution to each land use, being that the environmental variables may limit the establishment of most frequent belowground invertebrates. NF systems and NIM presented better terms of edaphic attributes and therefore greater biodiversity, when compared to the PR.A fauna edáfica é sensível às perturbações ambientais e sua resposta pode indicar o estado de conservação do solo em locais com diferentes usos e manejos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a diversidade de grupos da fauna invertebrada e sua relação com atributos edáficos em três usos da terra: Floresta Nativa (FN), Reflorestamento de Pinus (RP) e Campo Nativo Melhorado (CNM), no município de Lages, SC. A amostragem consistiu em três pontos distanciados entre si por 30 metros, estabelecidos ao longo de transectos, em cada sistema. Avaliaram-se os atributos físicos e químicos do solo e da abundância e diversidade da fauna, coletada pelos métodos Pitfall traps e Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística multivariada. Identificaram-se 1.210 organismos do solo, pertencentes a 17 grupos taxonômicos, sendo, os mais representativos Collembola e Coleoptera, independente do uso. A FN apresentou maior riqueza e diversidade da fauna edáfica em comparação aos outros sistemas. Os maiores teores de matéria orgânica e pH demonstraram relação com Oligochaeta, Enchytraeidae e Collembola. A umidade do solo contribuiu para explicar a abundância dos grupos em CNM e FN. Contudo, a fauna mostrou respostas diferentes na sua distribuição para cada uso da terra, logo, as variáveis ambientais podem limitar o estabelecimento dos invertebrados mais frequentes no solo. Os sistemas FN e CNM apresentaram melhores condições dos atributos edáficos e por isso maior biodiversidade, quando comparados ao RP

Morphological Diversity of Coleoptera (Arthropoda: Insecta) in Agriculture and Forest Systems

<div><p>ABSTRACT Coleopterans (Coleoptera) are major ecosystem service providers. However ecomorphological features that are comparable in a wide range of invertebrates within this group and in various environments must be found, to be able to study regions with different species, contributing to overcome difficulties of the taxonomic approach and understand the functioning of ecosystems. This research addressed the diversity of Coleoptera, using a methodology of ecomorphological traits, as well as their relation with the land use systems (LUS) and the soil properties. The following LUS were evaluated: no-tillage (NT), crop-livestock integration (CLI), pasture (PA), Eucalyptus stands (EST), and native forest (NF). Samples were collected using a 3 × 3 point grid (sampling points at a distance of 30 m), in winter and summer, in three municipalities on the Southern Santa Catarina Plateau, Brazil. Coleopterans were collected using the methodology recommended by the Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Program, based on the excavation of soil monoliths, and on pitfall traps. To evaluate the biological forms (morphotypes) and ecomorphological groups, the ecomorphological index (EMI) methodology was adopted and the modified soil biological quality (SBQ) index was determined. At the same points, samples were collected to evaluate environmental variables (soil physical, chemical, and microbiological properties). Density data underwent nonparametric univariate statistical analysis and multivariate abundance to verify the distribution of coleopterans in the LUS, and the environmental variables were considered as explanatory. Regardless of the LUS, 14 morphotypes were identified, and adult coleopterans with epigean morphologic adaptations were more abundant than hemi-edaphic and edaphic coleopterans, respectively. Morphotype diversity was higher in the systems NF, EST, and PA in summer and in NT in winter. The reductions in SBQ index were not associated with a gradient of land use intensification (NF> EST> PA> CLI> NT), and the index was higher for NF and lower for EST. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated a different distribution of invertebrates between the LUS. For the edaphic species, better adapted to life in the soil, a relation with NT and CLI was observed, due to more favorable pH values and phosphorus content. In the NF, a greater amount of morphotypes was identified, and the properties related to soil carbon dynamics contributed to explain this distribution. Separation at the morphotype level, taking adaptation level to soil life into consideration, has proved efficient to discriminate the LUS, mainly along with other explanatory environmental variables.</p></div

SHORT-TERM IMPACT OF A HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT’S RESERVOIR ON THE TREE COMPONENT IN AN ECOTONAL AREA IN SANTA CATARINA

<div><p>ABSTRACT This study was conducted in an ecotonal area between the Mixed Ombrophilous Forest (MOF) and the Deciduous Seasonal Forest (DSF) in Santa Catarina, Brazil, to identify the impact of the water reservoir of the Garibaldi hydroelectric power plant on the mortality and floristic-structural composition of the tree component in a riparian forest adjacent to it. One year after the reservoir water filling, 48 200 m2 plots were systematically allocated in three sectors: adjacent to the water reservoir, intermediate slope and upper slope. The tree species individuals with circumference at breast height (CBH) > 15.7 cm were identified and measured (CBH); dead individuals were quantified. The geographic coordinates of each plot were obtained. Species diversity was analyzed by Shannon and Pielou indexes and the floristic-structural organization was evaluated through phytosociological estimates, Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) and Mantel test. Variations on mortality and floristic-structural organization regarding environmental sectors were tested with Generalized Linear Models (GLMs). 70 species have been found in the community with Shannon and Pielou values of 3.10 and 0.73, respectively. Dead individuals have shown the second highest importance value (9.59%) with the highest mortality in the lower sector (p < 0.05), which may be associated with its proximity to the water surface. The community organization has shown spatial structure; however, the NMDS and GLMs have shown no floristic-structural differentiation among sectors, probably on account of the short period of exposure to reservoir filling impacts.</p></div