In search of the tomb of Sultan Süleyman in Szigetvár

The authors first review the investigations into the history of the lost mausoleum (türbe) and the surrounding complex of Sultan Süleyman who died during the siege of Szigetvár on September 7, 1566. Then they narrate the establishment in 2012 (reshaped in 2015) of a research group which, by developing a new concept and using interdisciplinary research methods (including landscape reconstruction), found the remnants (foundations) of the türbe on the top of the Turbék-Zsibót vineyard hill in autumn 2015, then, during the rounds of excavation in 2016–2017, the foundations of the adjacent mosque and dervish convent as well as the traces of a fourth building. Regarding the date of the construction of the complex, the authors are of the opinion that the main buildings must have been built around 1575. Finally, they enlarge on the reception of the findings and the potential the site offers for touristic and regional development

Ioncsatornák, modulációs mechanizmusok és szinaptikus kapcsolatok jelentősége a patkány nucleus cochlearis jelfeldolgozó működésében = Roles of ion channels, modulatory mechanisms and synaptic connections in the signal processing of the rat cochlear nucleus

A projekt célja a nucleus cochlearis jelfeldolgozó tevékenységében jelentős ioncsatornák, modulációs mechanizmusok és szinaptikus kapcsolatok elemzése volt. A munka legfontosabb eredményei a következők: (a) Azonosítottuk a nucleus cochlearisban expresszált HCN-csatornaalegységeket. Feltártuk a h-áram jelentőségét az óriássejtek elektromos sajátságaiban és szinaptikus kapcsolataik finomhangolásában. (b) Leírtuk a kolinerg ingerlés hatását az óriássejtek elektrofiziológiai sajátságaira és a rajtuk kialakuló posztszinaptikus áramokra. Azonosítottuk a hatást közvetítő receptor-altípusokat. (c) Elemeztük a szemcsesejtek aktivitásfüggő intracelluláris kalciumkoncentráció-változásait. Kifejlesztettünk egy olyan félautomatikus kiértékelési eljárást, ami alkalmas a neuronális kalciumtranziensek felismerésére és analízisére. (d) Feltártuk egyes muszkarinerg receptorok szerepét sejttenyészeti körülmények között fenntartott astrocyták intracelluláris kalciumkoncentráció-változásaiban. (e) Képalkotó és elektrofiziológiai módszereket alkalmazva leírtuk a nucleus cochlearisban található Purkinje-szerű neuronok sajátságait. (f) Kvantitatív morfometriai analízis segítségével azonosítottuk a pyramis- és az óriássejtek elkülönítésére legalkalmasabb paramétereket. (f) Leírtuk a tacrolimus hatását a pyramis-sejteken kialakuló posztszinaptikus áramok tulajdonságaira. (g) Feltártuk a protein-foszfatáz-1M és a Rho-kináz szerepét a bushy-sejtek és az acusticus rostok közötti szinapszis működésében. | Our aim was to assess the roles of ionic channels, modulatory mechanisms, and synaptic connections in regulating the activity of the cochlear nucleus (CN). The most important results are as follows. (a) We identified all HCN channel subunits expressed in the CN. We revealed the significance of the h-current in shaping the electrical properties and fine-tunig the synaptic connections of the giant cells. (b) We described the effects of cholinergic stimulation on the membrane properties and postsynaptic currents of the giant cells along with the identification of the receptor subtypes mediating the effects. (c) We investigated activity-related cytoplasmic calcium concentration changes of the granule neurones, and developed a semiautomatic method for the identification and evaluation of neuronal calcium transients. (d) We assessed the involvement of various muscarinergic receptors in the regulation of intracellular calcium concentration changes of cultured astrocytes. (e) Using imaging and electrophysiological techniques, we described the properties of Purkinje-like cells of the CN. (f) We identified morphological parameters that are suitable for the unambiguous discrimination between pyramidal and giant neurones. (f) We documented the effects of tacrolimus on the postsynaptic currents recorded from pyramidal neurones. (g) We revealed and described the roles of the protein-phosphatase-1M and Rho-kinase in the synaptic transmission between the bushy cells and acoustic fibers

Determining the target of membrane sterols on voltage-gated potassium channels

L

Synthesis, characterisation and systematic comparison of FITC-labelled GnRH-I, -II and -III analogues on various tumour cells

Targeted tumour therapy is in the focus of recent cancer research. GnRH analogues are able to deliver anticancer agents selectively into tumour cells which highly express GnRH receptors. However, the effectiveness of different analogues as targeting moiety in drug delivery systems is rarely compared and the investigated types of cancers are also limited. Therefore, we prepared selectively labelled, fluorescent derivatives of GnRH-I, -II, and -III analogues which successfully used for drug targeting. In this manuscript we investigated these analogues solubility, stability, passive membrane permeability and compared their cellular uptake by various cancer cells. We found that these labelled GnRH conjugates provide great detectability, without undesired cytotoxicity and passive membrane permeability. The introduced experiments with these conjugates proved their reliable tracking, quantification and comparison. Cellular uptake efficiency was studied on human breast, colon, pancreas and prostate cancer cells (MCF-7, HT-29, BxPC-3, LNCaP) and on dog kidney cells (MDCK). Each of the three conjugates were taken up by GnRH-I receptor expressing cells, but the different cells preferred different analogues. Furthermore, we demonstrated for the first time the high cell surface expression of GnRH-I receptors and the effective cellular uptake of GnRH analogues on human pharynx tumour (Detroit-562) cells. In summary, our presented results detail that the introduced conjugates could be innovative tools for the examination of the GnRH based drug delivery systems on various cells and offer novel information about these peptides

A mohácsi Törökdomb = The Törökdomb of Mohács

This paper addresses issues related to Törökdomb, the memorial place built by the Ottomans on the battlefield after the battle of Mohács, which has perished over time. In this battle, the army lead by Hungarian and Czech King Louis II encountered the troops of Sultan Suleiman I. 12-15 thousand people lost their life in the battle on the Christian side, including the king and 5-6 thousand Czech infantrymen. The artificial hill was erected in Roman times next to a military road, but it gained special importance as a legendary site only after the battle in 1526, where Sultan Suleiman prayed for victory and watched the battle. The hill has played an important role as a memorial place for several centuries, which has undergone significant changes over time. Research into the battle of Mohács and the military landscape raises a complex set of problems; among other things, the scene of the battle is hotly debated. The findings of studies relying on historical sources, old maps, previous archaeological documentations, folk memory and on-site geographical investigations can pave the way not only for a more realistic assessment of the military landscape, but they can reveal much about the social changes of the last 500 years as well as the changing views on the battle and Hungarian identity

Retinoid X receptor suppresses a metastasis-promoting transcriptional program in myeloid cells via a ligand-insensitive mechanism

K