Las pr?cticas pedag?gicas de los docentes de grado quinto de las instituciones educativas ?T?cnica Ambiental Combeima del municipio de Ibagu?? y ?Oreste Sindici del municipio de Nilo, Cundinamarca?

126 P?ginasRecurso Electr?nicoEl presente documento acad?mico presenta el desarrollo de una investigaci?n basada en evidenciar c?mo contribuyen las pr?cticas pedag?gicas a la formaci?n del sujeto y a la construcci?n del saber de los estudiantes del grado Quinto de B?sica Primaria de la I.E. T?cnica Ambiental Combeima de Ibagu? y de la I.E.D. "Oreste Sindici" de Nilo Cundinamarca, cuyos resultados nos muestran c?mo influyen los modelos pedag?gicos, los recursos did?cticos, el ambiente escolar y las estrategias pedag?gicas en el proceso de ense?anza- aprendizaje, adem?s de la importancia que tiene la interacci?n con los estudiantes para lograr resultados satisfactorios. Este trabajo se enmarca dentro del tipo de investigaci?n cualitativa con un enfoque exploratorio - descriptivo, se fundamenta en tres estrategias primordiales para la recolecci?n de datos, la observaci?n no participante, la entrevista semiestructurada dirigida a docentes y una encuesta dirigida a estudiantes consta de una muestra de 9 docentes como fuente de informaci?n directa quienes ofrecieron la informaci?n pertinente para realizar la investigaci?n. En lo concerniente a las pr?cticas pedag?gicas, a la formaci?n del sujeto y a la construcci?n del saber de los estudiantes del grado quinto de b?sica primaria de las Instituciones Educativas ya mencionadas, se evidenci? que, los docentes de las dos Instituciones investigadas carecen de condiciones para promover acciones propias de acompa?amiento en la formaci?n de los estudiantes y al mismo tiempo de la transformaci?n del saber.ABSTRACT. The present academic document presents the development of a research that tries to demonstrate how pedagogical practices contribute to the formation of the subject and to the construction of the knowledge of fifth grade students of the Institute T?cnica Ambiental Combeima of Ibagu? and the ?Oreste Sindici? Institute of Nilo Cundinamarca, whose results reveal us how the pedagogical models, the didactic resources, the school environment, and the pedagogical strategies have influence on the learning process, besides the importance that interaction has in achieving satisfactory academic results. This work is framed within the qualitative research model with an exploratory-descriptive approach. It is based on three primordial strategies for the data collection: the non-participative observation, semi-structured interviews directed to school teachers, and a survey applied to students. It is constituted of a nine teachers sample as a direct information source who offered the data to develop this research. In relation to the pedagogical practices, the subject formation, and the construction of knowledge of the students from these institutes, it was clearly evidenced that the teachers lack of the suitable conditions to promote proper accompanying actions for the students? formation, and at the same time, for the transformation of knowledge.INTRODUCCI?N 13 1. OBJETIVOS 15 1.1 OBJETIVO GENERAL 15 1.2 OBJETIVOS ESPEC?FICOS 15 2. JUSTIFICACI?N 16 3. PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA 20 4. MARCO TE?RICO 23 4.1 MARCO ESPECIAL 23 4.1.1 Instituci?n Educativa T?cnica Ambiental Combeima 23 4.1.2 Instituci?n Educativa Departamental Oreste Sindici 24 4.2 MARCO REFRENCIAL 27 4.2.1 Educaci?n 27 4.2.2 Pr?ctica Pedag?gica 33 4.2.3 Praxis y Pr?ctica Pedag?gica 37 4.2.4 Las Pr?cticas Pedag?gicas y los Modelos Pedag?gicos 39 4.2.4.1 Enfoque Tradicionalista 41 4.2.4.2 Enfoque Tecnol?gico 41 4.2.4.3 Enfoque Constructivista 42 4.2.5 Elementos de la Pr?ctica Pedag?gica 42 4.2.6 Interacci?n Docente-Estudiante 46 4.2.6.1 Autenticidad en el Facilitador del Aprendizaje 46 4.2.6.2 Aprecio, Aceptaci?n, Confianza 47 4.2.6.3 Comprensi?n Emp?tica 47 5. TIPO DE INVESTIGACI?N 49 6. ENFOQUE 50 7. DISE?O METODOL?GICO 52 7.1 POBLACI?N 53 7.2 SELECCI?N DE LA MUESTRA 53 8. PROCEDIMIENTO E INSTRUMENTOS DE RECOLECCI?N DE DATOS 55 8.1 PROCEDIMIENTO 55 8.2 INSTRUMENTOS DE RECOLECCI?N DE DATOS 55 8.2.1 Observaci?n no Participante 55 8.2.2 Entrevistas Semiestructuradas 56 8.2.3 Encuesta Dirigida a Estudiantes 56 8.3 TRIANGULACI?N DE LA INFORMACI?N 57 9. AN?LISIS E INTERPRETACI?N DE LOS RESULTADOS 59 9.1 CONCEPTO DE PR?CTICA PEDAG?GICA 59 9.2 INTERACCI?N CON LOS ESTUDIANTES 61 9.3 MODELO PEDAG?GICO 64 9.4 APRENDIZAJE ESCOLAR 66 9.5 ESTRATEGIAS PEDAG?GICAS 68 10. CRONOGRAMA 70 11. CONCLUSIONES 71 RECOMENDACIONES 73 REFERENCIAS 7

Volumetric study of the maxillary sinus in patients with sinus pathology

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is 1) to obtain the area and volumes of the maxillary sinuses in patients affected by clinically unilateral sinus pathology by comparing the results to the contralateral sinus and 2) to determine the importance of the volumetric measures when diagnosing the percentage of sinus obliteration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A single-centre observational retrospective clinical study was conducted in 214 patients with clinically unilateral sinus pathologies. Linear (mm), area (mm2) and volume (mm3) measurements were taken from Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images of the affected sinus as well as from the contralateral ones. Histopathological study was performed using haematoxylin/eosin and PAS or Groccot stains. The lesions were classified into non-specific sinusitis, polyps, inverted papilloma, fungal sinusitis, cysts, mucocele and other lesions. Chi-squared test, ANOVA for independent samples and Pearson test were used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: A total of 100 sinuses were measured in 50 patients (28 men and 22 women, with an age of 43.6 years (SD = 18.3), 50 pathological and 50 healthy contralateral sinuses. The three-dimensional occupation volume of the affected sinuses was 97.1 mm3 (62.5%) vs. 40.6 mm3 (22.8%) in the healthy ones (p<0.0001). The medial-lateral width of the sinus in the frontal plane was significantly higher in the cysts group (32.4 mm, CI: 23-41.8 mm). CONCLUSION: In medical terms, the global percentage of occupation determined using the classic manual determination method does not differ from the three-dimensional percentage calculated using specific complex software

Blocking IL-17: A Promising Strategy in the Treatment of Systemic Rheumatic Diseases

Systemic rheumatic diseases are a heterogeneous group of autoimmune disorders that affect the connective tissue, characterized by the involvement of multiple organs, leading to disability, organ failure and premature mortality. Despite the advances in recent years, the therapeutic options for these diseases are still limited and some patients do not respond to the current treatments. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is a cytokine essential in the defense against extracellular bacteria and fungi. Disruption of IL-17 homeostasis has been associated with the development and progression of rheumatic diseases, and the approval of different biological therapies targeting IL-17 for the treatment of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) has highlighted the key role of this cytokine. IL-17 has been also implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic rheumatic diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sjogren's syndrome (SS) and systemic sclerosis (SSc). The aim of this review is to summarize and discuss the most recent findings about the pathogenic role of IL-17 in systemic rheumatic and its potential use as a therapeutic option

Association of anti-citrullinated vimentin and anti-citrullinated ?-enolase antibodies with subsets of rheumatoid arthritis.

[EN] Objective. To determine whether the anti? citrullinated vimentin peptide 60?75 (anti?Cit-vimentin) and the immunodominant anti?citrullinated -enolase peptide 1 (anti?CEP-1) antibodies are associated with subsets of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) independently of the associations between anti?cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies and clinical features of RA. Methods. The 3 antibody types were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in serum samples from 521 patients with RA and 173 healthy controls of Spanish ancestry. Genotypes for HLA?DRB1 alleles and rs2476601 in PTPN22 were available for these patients and controls plus an addi- tional 106 healthy controls. A combined analysis of the 3 antibodies was conducted using stratified contingency tables and logistic regression models. Results. A differential, particularly strong, and independent association was observed between the pres- ence of anti?Cit-vimentin antibodies and the presence of shared epitope (SE) alleles, specifically in patients carrying 2 SE alleles, and between the presence of anti? Cit-vimentin antibodies and the prevalence of joint erosion. Associations were observed between anti? CEP-1 positivity and the presence of HLA?DRB1 and PTPN22 risk alleles and their additive interaction. These associations were not accounted for by the anti- CCP status. Conclusion. Our results indicate that the 2 anti- bodies against citrullinated peptides analyzed in this study add specific information beyond that obtained with the anti-CCP status. They define subgroups of patients with RA in which genetic factors have different weight and there is an observed difference in the prev- alence of erosions.Fondo de Investigaci?n Sanitaria del Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)European Regional Development Fund of the European UnionXunta de GaliciaFundaci?n Espa?ola de Reumatolog?

Phylogeography of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Spain: a story of multiple introductions, micro-geographic stratification, founder effects, and super-spreaders

Spain has been one of the main global pandemic epicenters for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Here, we analyzed >41 000 genomes (including >26 000 high-quality (HQ) genomes) downloaded from the GISAID repository, including 1 245 (922 HQ) sampled in Spain. The aim of this study was to investigate genome variation of novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and reconstruct phylogeographic and transmission patterns in Spain. Phylogeographic analysis suggested at least 34 independent introductions of SARS-CoV-2 to Spain at the beginning of the outbreak. Six lineages spread very successfully in the country, probably favored by super-spreaders, namely, A2a4 (7.8%), A2a5 (38.4%), A2a10 (2.8%), B3a (30.1%), and B9 (8.7%), which accounted for 87.9% of all genomes in the Spanish database. One distinct feature of the Spanish SARS-CoV-2 genomes was the higher frequency of B lineages (39.3%, mainly B3a+B9) than found in any other European country. While B3a, B9, (and an important sub-lineage of A2a5, namely, A2a5c) most likely originated in Spain, the other three haplogroups were imported from other European locations. The B3a strain may have originated in the Basque Country from a B3 ancestor of uncertain geographic origin, whereas B9 likely emerged in Madrid. The time of the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) of SARS-CoV-2 suggested that the first coronavirus entered the country around 11 February 2020, as estimated from the TMRCA of B3a, the first lineage detected in the country. Moreover, earlier claims that the D614G mutation is associated to higher transmissibility is not consistent with the very high prevalence of COVID-19 in Spain when compared to other countries with lower disease incidence but much higher frequency of this mutation (56.4% in Spain vs. 82.4% in rest of Europe). Instead, the data support a major role of genetic drift in modeling the micro-geographic stratification of virus strains across the country as well as the role of SARS-CoV-2 super-spreaders

Caffeine, a Risk Factor for Osteoarthritis and Longitudinal Bone Growth Inhibition

Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common chronic rheumatic disease, is mainly characterized by a progressive degradation of the hyaline articular cartilage, which is essential for correct joint function, lubrication, and resistance. Articular cartilage disturbances lead to joint failure, pain, and disability. Hyaline cartilage is also present in the growth plate and plays a key role in longitudinal bone growth. Alterations of this cartilage by diverse pathologies have been related to longitudinal bone growth inhibition (LBGI), which leads to growth retardation. Diet can play a crucial role in processes involved in the OA and LBGI's onset and evolution. Specifically, there is ample evidence pointing to the negative impacts of caffeine consumption on hyaline cartilage. However, its effects on these tissues have not been reviewed. Accordingly, in this review, we summarize all current knowledge in the PubMed database about caffeine catabolic effects on articular and growth plate cartilage. Specifically, we focus on the correlation between OA and LBGI with caffeine prenatal or direct exposure. Overall, there is ample evidence indicating that caffeine intake negatively affects the physiology of both articular and growth plate cartilage, increasing consumers predisposition to suffer OA and LBGI. As a result, caffeine consumption should be avoided for these pathologies

Plan de negocios para una empresa dedicada al servicio de intermediaci?n entre conductores y pasajeros de servicio de transporte p?blico individual (taxi) a trav?s de una plataforma tecnol?gica : aplicaci?n movil para smartphone

El presente plan de negocio consiste en la prestaci?n de servicio de intermediaci?n entre conductores y pasajeros de servicio de transporte p?blico individual (taxi) a trav?s de una plataforma tecnol?gica (aplicaci?n m?vil para smartphone), teniendo en consideraci?n adicionar a partir del segundo a?o el servicio de publicidad e investigaci?n de mercado, dirigido a las empresas anunciantes y a las que a?n no anuncian, utilizando como herramienta las unidades de transporte de servicio p?blico individual (taxis). Estas unidades ser?n adecuadas para el fin del modelo de negocio adicional. El modelo de negocio propone un portafolio de opciones como publicidad a trav?s de pantallas t?ctiles al interior del veh?culo, publicidad en la luna posterior del veh?culo mediante viniles removibles, aplicaci?n de encuestas y prueba de productos durante el trayecto de viaje del usuario y publicidad mediante folletos. El modelo de negocio adicional se basar? en alianzas estrat?gicas con agencias de publicidad, las cuales ofrecer?n dentro de su abanico de opciones los servicios mencionados a sus clientes. Por otro lado, el servicio de intermediaci?n se realizar? mediante una aplicaci?n m?vil que se descargar? f?cilmente en los dispositivos m?viles, las comisiones que se pagar?n a los conductores ser?n las m?s bajas del mercado permiti?ndoles obtener mayores ganancias por cada servicio, y cuyas tarifas ser?n atractivas para el mercado. El principal ingreso provendr? del servicio de intermediaci?n de taxi ya que representa el 90% de ingresos y el servicio de publicidad e investigaci?n solo el 10%

Prognostic value of discharge heart rate in acute heart failure patients: More relevant in atrial fibrillation?

Aims: The prognostic impact of heart rate (HR) in acute heart failure (AHF) patients is not well known especially in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of admission HR, discharge HR, HR difference (admission-discharge) in AHF patients with sinus rhythm (SR) or AF on long- term outcomes. Methods: We included 1398 patients consecutively admitted with AHF between October 2013 and December 2014 from a national multicentre, prospective registry. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between admission HR, discharge HR and HR difference and one- year all-cause mortality and HF readmission. Results: The mean age of the study population was 72+/-12years. Of these, 594 (42.4%) were female, 655 (77.8%) were hypertensive and 655 (46.8%) had diabetes. Among all included patients, 745 (53.2%) had sinus rhythm and 653 (46.7%) had atrial fibrillation. Only discharge HR was associated with one year all-cause mortality (Relative risk (RR)=1.182, confidence interval (CI) 95% 1.024-1.366, p=0.022) in SR. In AF patients discharge HR was associated with one year all cause mortality (RR=1.276, CI 95% 1.115-1.459, p</=0.001). We did not observe a prognostic effect of admission HR or HRD on long-term outcomes in both groups. This relationship is not dependent on left ventricular ejection fraction. Conclusions: In AHF patients lower discharge HR, neither the admission nor the difference, is associated with better long-term outcomes especially in AF patients

Antihyperthermic treatment decreases perihematomal hypodensity

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect on perihematomal hypodensity and outcome of a decrease in body temperature in the first 24 hours in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). METHODS: In this retrospective study on a prospectively registered database, among the 1,100 patients, 795 met all the inclusion criteria. Temperature variations in the first 24 hours and perihematomal hypodensity (PHHD) were recorded. Patients >/=37.5 degrees C were treated with antihyperthermic drugs for at least 48 hours. The main objective was to determine the association among temperature variation, PHHD, and outcome at 3 months. RESULTS: The decrease in temperature in the first 24 hours increased the possibility of good outcome 11-fold. Temperature decrease, lower PHHD volume, and a good outcome were observed in 31.8% of the patients who received antihyperthermic treatment. CONCLUSION: The administration of early antihyperthermic treatment in patients with spontaneous ICH with a basal axillary temperature >/=37.5 degrees C resulted in good outcome in a third of the treated patients

FCGR polymorphisms in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with Fc-containing TNF inhibitors

[EN] Objectives: Reproducible association of a functional polymorphism in FCGR2A with response to a TNF inhibitor (TNFi) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) led us to explore other Fc?R functional polymorphisms. Methods: Functional polymorphisms FCGR3A F158V, FCGR2B I223T and promoter VNTR in FCGRT were analyzed in up to 429 patients with RA. Response to TNFi was recorded during standard care at 3, 6 and 12 months of follow-up. Fixed effects meta-analysis of studies addressing FCGR3A F158V polymorphism, which is the most studied of these polymorphisms, was conducted with inverse variance weighting. Results: None of the functional polymorphisms were associated with change in DAS28. Meta-analysis of the seven studies (899 patients) with available data addressing association of FCGR3A F158V with response to TNFi in RA showed no association (OR: 1.11, 95% CI: 0.8-1.5; p = 0.5). Conclusion: None of the three functional polymorphisms in Fc?R genes showed association with response to TNFi in patients with RA. These negative results were obtained in spite of the larger size of this study relative to previous studies addressing the same polymorphisms. In addition, meta-analysis of FCGR3A F158V was also negative against the results provided by previous studies