Los vinos de mora de M\ue9rida son una buena fuente de antioxidantes

Fue evaluada la actividad antioxidantes de 12 vinos de mora fabricados artesanalmente en el P\ue1ramo La Culata (M\ue9rida, Venezuela) a trav\ue9s de la inhibici\uf3n de la formaci\uf3n del ani\uf3n super\uf3xido y radical hidroxilo, y el m\ue9todo de la Actividad Antioxidante (AOA). Adem\ue1s, fue determinado el contenido de fenoles y de prote\uednas de acuerdo al procedimiento de Folin- Ciocalteu. En lo que se refiere al efecto de los diferentes vinos de mora en la generaci\uf3n del ani\uf3n super\uf3xido y el radical hidroxilo, se obtuvieron los mayores porcentajes de inhibici\uf3n por las muestras 2, 4, 9, 11 y 12, siendo en muchos casos los porcentajes de inhibici\uf3n superiores a los observados con melatonina y vitamina E. En relaci\uf3n a los valores de AOA, se encontr\uf3 que las muestras de vino de mora presentaron valores de AOA entre 0.80- 0.95 mM, siendo en casi todos los casos superiores o similares a los presentados por la melatonina y la vitamina E. En todos los casos existi\uf3 una correlaci\uf3n lineal entre la capacidad antioxidante y el contendido de fenoles de las muestras en estudio, representado por valores de correlaci\uf3n (R2) entre 0.988 y 0.997 y valores de P entre 0.005 y 0.021. Se ha demostrado que los vinos de mora producidos artesanalmente en M\ue9rida (Venezuela) analizados en este estudio son una buena fuente de antioxidantes naturales. ABSTRACT The antioxidative activity of a total of 12 mulberry wines was examined by inhibition of superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical generation, and antioxidant activity method (AOA) autoxidation of methyl linoleate. The content of total phenolics in the samples was determined spectrometrically according to the Folin-Ciocalteu procedure. In relation to the effect of differet mulberry wines in superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical generatio, were founded the hights inhibition percentages for samples 2, 4, 9, 11 and 12, being in some cases bigers that those founded with melatonin and vitamin E.On the other hand, was founded tha mulberry wine simples had AOA values between 0.80-0.95 mM, being in all cases bigger or similar to those founded with melatonin and vitamin E. In all cases, there was a lineal relation between antioxidant capacity and phenol content of samples, represented by correlation values (R2) between 0.988 y 0.997 and P values between 0.005 and 0.021. Has been demosntrated that mulberry wines produced in M\ue9rida (Venezuela) assayed in this studyare a good source of natural antioxidants

COMPROMISO ORGANIZACIONAL Y SATISFACCI 3N LABORAL DE LOS TRABAJADORES DE UNA EMPRESA DE ALIMENTOS

Se analiz\uf3 el compromiso organizacional y la satisfacci\uf3n laboral de los trabajadores de una empresa de alimentos en Yaritagua del Estado Yaracuy, a trav\ue9s de una investigaci\uf3n de tipo correlacional. La poblaci\uf3n la conformaron 189 trabajadores, la muestra fue de 40 personas, estimada por muestreo estratificado por afijaci\uf3n proporcional. Se utiliz\uf3 un cuestionario estructurado en dos partes: la primera, sobre compromiso organizacional y la segunda, satisfacci\uf3n laboral; se le realiz\uf3 validez de contenido seg\ufan juicio de expertos y confiabilidad a trav\ue9s de coeficiente Alpha de Cronbach, obteni\ue9ndose un valor de 0,905. Los resultados destacan: La totalidad (90%) de los trabajadores manifestaron un alto grado de compromiso organizacional, siendo la variaci\uf3n 58,33 \ub1 12,19; el nivel de compromiso predominante fue el afectivo; el 93,8% de los trabajadores del departamento L\uednea de Ponquecitos asume un grado alto de compromiso organizacional. Por otra parte, entre 82,5% y 6585% refirieron estar satisfecho en lo que respecta al clima de trabajo y la motivaci\uf3n. Se observ\uf3 que no existen diferencias estad\uedsticamente significativas entre el compromiso organizacional y la satisfacci\uf3n laboral (p > 0,05); lo que significa, que estas variables no est\ue1n asociadas o que probablemente se debe incrementar el tama\uf1o de la muestra. Los resultados servir\ue1n a la gerencia, para orientar el desarrollo de programas en pro de la mejora de la organizaci\uf3n y el desempe\uf1o de los trabajadores, reflejado en el compromiso y satisfacci\uf3n de ellos con la empresa. PALABRAS CLAVE: Compromiso organizacional. Satisfacci\uf3n laboral. Trabajadores. Empresa. ABSTRACT Organizational commitment and job satisfaction of workers of a food company in Yaritagua, Yaracuy State, through a correlational research was analyzed. The population was formed by 189 workers; the sample was of 40 people, estimated by stratified sampling by proportional allocation. A structured two-part questionnaire was used: the first, on organizational commitment and the second on job satisfaction; it underwent content validity according to expert judgment and reliability through Cronbach Alpha coefficient, obtaining a value of 0.905. The results are: The whole (90%) of the workers expressed a high degree of organizational commitment, being 58.33 \ub1 12.19 the variation; the level of predominant commitment was affective; 93.8% of workers in the department Ponquecitos Line assumes a high degree of organizational commitment. Moreover, between 82.5% and 65,85% reported being satisfied with regards to the work climate and motivation. It was noted that there were no statistically significant differences between organizational commitment and job satisfaction (p > 0.05); which means that these variables are not associated or probably should increase the sample size. The results will serve for management to guide the development of programs for improving the organization and performance of workers, reflected in their commitment and satisfaction with the company. KEY WORDS: Organizational commitment. Job satisfaction. Workers. Company. <br

\uabEsto no hay quien se lo coma\ubb: an\ue1lisis contrastivo espa\uf1ol-italiano de la descortes\ueda verbal en televisi\uf3n

La scortesia verbale \ue8 talvolta usata nei media televisivi per aumentare gli ascolti. Ci\uf2 \ue8 evidente nei programmi che prevedono una giuria, spesso nota per la sua aggressivit\ue0 nei confronti dei concorrenti. Sulla base delle teorie di Brown e Levinson (1978) sulla (s)cortesia verbale e del concetto di face di Goffman (1967), l\u2019articolo mette a confronto le due versioni di un format che viene trasmesso sia in Italia che in Spagna, \u201cMasterChef\u201d. Anche se entrambe mostrano una scortesia mediatico-ludica (Brenes Pe\uf1a, 2013), la versione italiana cerca di intrattenere il pubblico squalificando i concorrenti; la versione spagnola, invece, usa una scortesia limitata, basata sulla retorica e non sulla critica diretta, che ricerca effetti di comicit\ue0

ASSESSMENT OF MOLECULAR GENETIC DIVERSITY OF ECUADORIAN RICE CULTIVARS USING SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEAT MARKERS

Molecular markers are useful tools for evaluating genetic diversity and determining cultivar identity. Thirty simple-sequence-repeat (SSR) markers were selected in order to evaluate the genetic diversity within 76 cultivars of the Ecuadorian Rice Program for breeding. One-hundred-ninety-four alleles were detected in 22 SSR polymorphic markers, number of alleles per marker ranging from 2 to 24, with an average of 9 alleles per locus. The sizes of the alleles varied between 62 to 280 bp, with an average polymorphism information content value of 0.624, ranging from 0.202 (RM125) to 0.943 (RM413), indicating significant genetic diversity among and within the rice accessions. The average observed heterozygosity (Ho) was 0.086, while average expected genetic diversity (He) was 0.667. A set of eight of the polymorphic SSR markers produced seventeen unique alleles for the genotypes studied and could distinguish released cultivars from the rest of accessions. A dendrogram constructed using the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means (UPGMA) grouped the 76 rice materials in four well differentiated major clusters whereas the Structure program without any a priori information provided support for the existence of three genetically distinct clusters (K =3D 3). Additional key words: Cluster analysis, molecular marker, Oryza sativa, rice breeding, variability. ABSTRACT Los marcadores moleculares son herramientas \ufatiles para evaluar la diversidad gen\ue9tica y determinar la identidad del cultivar. Se seleccionaron 30 marcadores de secuencia simple repetida (SSR) para evaluar la diversidad gen\ue9tica en setenta y seis cultivares del Programa de Arroz Ecuatoriano con fines de mejoramiento. Se detect\uf3 un total de 194 alelos en 22 marcadores polim\uf3rficos SSR, el n\ufamero de alelos por marcador oscil\uf3 entre 2 y 24, con un promedio de 9 alelos por locus. Los tama\uf1os de los alelos variaron entre 62 y 280 pb, con un valor de contenido de informaci\uf3n polim\uf3rfica promedio de 0,624, variando entre 0,202 (RM125) y 0,943 (RM413), lo que indic\uf3 diversidad gen\ue9tica significativa entre y dentro de las accesiones de arroz. La heterocigosidad observada promedio (Ho) fue 0,086, mientras que la diversidad gen\ue9tica esperada promedio (He) fue 0,667. Un conjunto de ocho de los marcadores SSR polim\uf3rficos produjo diecisiete alelos \ufanicos para los genotipos estudiados y pudo distinguir los cultivares liberados del resto de las accesiones. Un dendrograma construido utilizando el m\ue9todo de pares no ponderados con medios aritm\ue9ticos (UPGMA) agrup\uf3 los 76 materiales de arroz en cuatro grupos principales bien diferenciados, mientras que el programa Structure sin informaci\uf3n a priori proporcion\uf3 soporte para la existencia de tres grupos gen\ue9ticamente distintos (K =3D 3). Palabras clave adicionales: An\ue1lisis de conglomerados, marcador molecular; mejoramiento de arroz; Oryza sativa, variabilidad. <br

Text Mining in Macroeconomics and Finance Using Unsupervised Machine Learning Algorithms

Questa tesi presenta tre diverse applicazioni di macroeconomia e finanza delle tecniche di analisi di testi basate su algoritmi di apprendimento automatico non supervisionati. In particolare, queste tecniche di analisi di testi vengono applicate ai documenti ufficiali delle banche centrali e agli articoli di giornale scritti in inglese e spagnolo. L'implementazione di queste tecniche ha comportato un considerevole lavoro di preelaborazione per rimuovere paragrafi e articoli non rilevanti per l'analisi. Ai documenti ufficiali delle banche centrali, abbiamo assegnato etichette ad ogni paragrafo per indicare la data e altra informazione utile. Abbiamo quindi applicato vari algoritmi di apprendimento automatico non supervisionato come Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), il modello Skip-Gram e K-Means per costruire misure di testo. Alcuni di questi algoritmi di apprendimento automatico non supervisionati, che erano gi\ue0 disponibili per la lingua inglese, sono stati adattati alla lingua spagnola. Abbiamo prodotto semplici misure del contenuto della comunicazione per identificare gli argomenti, cio\ue8 i temi o soggetti, e il tono, cio\ue8 il sentimento o il grado di incertezza del testo. Quindi, abbiamo studiato la relazione tra questi indici di incertezza e le variabili economiche chiave in macroeconomia e finanza utilizzando i modelli VAR strutturale e GARCH esponenziale. Il primo articolo indaga la relazione tra le opinioni espresse nei verbali delle riunioni del Comitato di politica monetaria (COPOM) della Banca Centrale del Brasile e l'economia reale. In primo luogo, deduciamo il contenuto dei paragrafi dei minuti con LDA e poi costruiamo un indice di incertezza per i minuti con Word Embeddings e K-Means. Dopo costruiamo due indici di incertezza per diversi contenuti, Il primo indice di incertezza del tema \ue8 costruito da paragrafi con una maggiore probabilit\ue0 di argomenti relativi alle "condizioni economiche generali", mentre il secondo indice di incertezza del tema \ue8 costruito da paragrafi con una maggiore probabilit\ue0 di argomenti relativi a "inflazione" e \u201cdiscussione della politica monetaria\u201d. Infine, tramite un VAR strutturale esploriamo gli effetti di questi indici di incertezza su alcune variabili macroeconomiche brasiliane Il secondo articolo studia e misura l'incertezza nei verbali delle riunioni del consiglio di amministrazione della Banca Centrale del Messico e la mette in relazione con le variabili di politica monetaria. In particolare, concepiamo due indici di incertezza per la versione spagnola dei verbali utilizzando tecniche di apprendimento automatico senza supervisione. Il primo indice di incertezza \ue8 costruito sfruttando LDA, mentre il secondo utilizza il modello Skip-Gram e K-Means. Costruiamo anche indici di incertezza per le tre sezioni principali del verbale. Troviamo che una maggiore incertezza nei verbali \ue8 correlata a un aumento dell'inflazione e della massa monetaria. Il terzo articolo indaga le reazioni dei mercati finanziari statunitensi alle notizie dei giornali dal gennaio 2019 al primo maggio 2020. A tal fine, deduciamo il contenuto e il sentimento delle notizie sviluppando indici dai titoli e dai frammenti del New York Times . In particolare, utilizziamo LDA per dedurre il contenuto degli articoli e gli algoritmi Skip-Gram e K-Means per misurare il loro sentimento (incertezza). In questo modo si arriva alla definizione di una serie di indici giornalieri di incertezza per ogni tema. Questi indici vengono quindi utilizzati per trovare spiegazioni nel comportamento dei mercati finanziari statunitensi implementando una serie di modelli EGARCH. In sostanza, troviamo che due indici di incertezza e argomento, uno relativo alle notizie COVID-19 e l'altro alle notizie sulla guerra commerciale, spiegano gran parte dei movimenti nei mercati finanziari dall'inizio del 2019 fino ai primi quattro mesi del 2020 .This thesis presents three different applications to macroeconomics and finance of text mining techniques based on unsupervised machine learning algorithms. In particular, these text mining techniques are applied to official documents of central banks and to newspaper articles written in English and Spanish. The implementation of these techniques involved a considerable preprocessing work to remove paragraphs and articles not relevant for the analysis. To the official documents of the central banks, we also assigned tags to each paragraph to indicate the date and other useful information. We then applied various computational linguistic unsupervised machine learning algorithms such as Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), Word Embedding (with the Skip-Gram model) and K-Means to construct some text measures. Some of these unsupervised machine learning algorithms, which were already available for the English language, have been adapted to the Spanish language. We produced simple measures to identify the topics, that is, the themes or subjects, and the tone, that is, the sentiment or degree of uncertainty, of the text. Finally, we investigated the relationship between these uncertainty indices and some key variables in macroeconomics and finance using Structural VAR and Exponential GARCH models. The first paper investigates the relationship between the views expressed in the minutes of the meetings of the Central Bank of Brazil\u2019s Monetary Policy Committee (COPOM) and the real economy. Firstly, we infer the content of the paragraphs of the minutes with Latent Dirichlet Allocation and then we build an uncertainty index for the minutes with Word Embedding and K-Means. Thus, we create two topic-uncertainty indices. The first topic-uncertainty index is constructed from paragraphs with a higher probability of topics related to \u201cgeneral economic conditions\u201d, whereas the second topic-uncertainty index is constructed from paragraphs with a higher probability of topics related to \u201cinflation\u201d and the \u201cmonetary policy discussion\u201d. Finally, via a Structural VAR we explore the lasting effects of these uncertainty indices on some Brazilian macroeconomic variables. The second paper studies and measures uncertainty in the minutes of the meetings of the board of governors of the Central Bank of Mexico and relates it to monetary policy variables. In particular, we conceive two uncertainty indices for the Spanish version of the minutes using unsupervised machine learning techniques. The first uncertainty index is constructed exploiting Latent Dirichlet Allocation, whereas the second uses Word Embedding (with the Skip-Gram model) and K-Means. We also create uncertainty indices for the three main sections of the minutes. We find that higher uncertainty in the minutes is related to an increase in inflation and money supply. The third paper investigates the reactions of US financial markets to newspaper news from January 2019 to the first of May 2020. To this end, we deduce the content and sentiment of the news by developing apposite indices from the headlines and snippets of the New York Times. In particular, we use Latent Dirichlet Allocation to infer the content of the articles, and Word Embedding and K-Means to measure their sentiment (uncertainty). In this way, we arrive to the definition of a set of daily topic-specific uncertainty indices. These indices are then used to find explanations in the behaviour of the US financial markets by implementing a batch of EGARCH models. In substance, we find that two topic-specific uncertainty indices, one related with COVID-19 news and the other with trade war news, explain much of the movements in the financial markets from the beginning of 2019 up to the first four months of 2020

A SERVICE-ORIENTED APPROACH FOR INTERACTIVE COMPUTING

ABSTRACT The introduction of new technologies leads to a more and more complex interactive systems design. In order to describe the future interactive system, the human computer interaction domain uses specific models, design processes and tools in order to represent, create, store and manipulate models. The aim of our work is to provide a theoretical conceptual approach to facilitate the work of model designers and project managers by helping them in choosing processes, models and modeling environments adapted to their specific needs. This paper details the use of a service-oriented approach for model management. Our proposals are related to three different abstract levels: the operational level to choose the appropriate modelling tool, the organisational level to select a design process and the intentional level to define modelling goals. Keywords: HCI, model, service, model management, modeling tools, modeling services. Un enfoque basado en servicios para sistemas inform\ub4aticos interactivos RESUMEN Un enfoque basado en servicios para sistemas inform\ue1ticos interactivos La introducci\uf3n de nuevas tecnolog\uedas conduce a un dise\uf1o de sistemas interactivos cada vez m\ue1s complejo. Para describir el futuro sistema interactivo, el dominio de la interacci\uf3n humano-computador usa modelos espec\uedficos, procesos de dise\uf1o y herramientas para representar, crear, almacenar y manipular modelos. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo es proporcionar un enfoque te\uf3rico-conceptual para facilitar el trabajo de los dise\uf1adores de modelos y jefes de proyectos, ayud\ue1ndoles en la selecci\uf3n de procesos, modelos y ambientes de modelado adaptados a sus necesidades especificas. Este art\uedculo detalla el empleo de una propuesta a base de servicios para la gesti\uf3n de modelos. Nuestras proposiciones se fundamentan sobre tres niveles de abstracci\uf3n: el nivel operacional para escoger la herramienta de modelaje adecuada, el nivel organizacional para seleccionar un proceso de dise\uf1o y el nivel intencional para los objetivos de modelaje. Palabras claves del Autor: Interacci\uf3n humano-computador, gesti\uf3n de modelos, herramientas de modelaje, servicios de modelaje.<br

PROPUESTA DE MODIFICACIONES CURRICULARES A LA ASIGNATURA TECNICAS RADIOGRAFICAS Y DE OTRAS IM\uc1GENES. PROGRAMA DE ESPECIALIZACION EN DIAGNOSTICO DE POR IM\uc1GENES. UNIVERSIDAD CENTROCCIDENTAL LISANDRO ALVARADO

El siguiente trabajo tuvo como objetivo realizar la actualizaci\uf3n de la asignatura T\ue9cnicas Radiogr\ue1ficas y de otras im\ue1genes, perteneciente al programa de postgrado denominado Especializaci\uf3n en Diagn\uf3stico por Im\ue1genes adscrito a la Coordinaci\uf3n de Postgrado del Decanato de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado, mediante la realizaci\uf3n de una serie de modificaciones curriculares que permitieron adecuar su estructura a la modernizaci\uf3n que se ha suscitado en el \ue1rea imagenol\uf3gica durante la \ufaltima d\ue9cada a fin de formar especialistas competentes en las diferentes modalidades del diagn\uf3stico por im\ue1genes capaces de desempe\uf1arse \uf3ptimamente en los diferentes ambientes propios de la especialidad. PALABRAS CLAVES DEL AUTOR: Modificaciones curriculares. T\ue9cnicas radiogr\ue1ficas. Diagn\uf3stico por Im\ue1genes. Postgrado. Especializaci\uf3n ABSTRACT CURRICULAR MODIFICATIONS TO THE COURSE OF TECHNICAL RADIOGRAPHIC AND OF OTHERS IMAGES BELONGING TO PROGRAM OF SPECIALIZATION IN DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING OF THE UNIVERSIDAD CENTROCCIDENTAL LISANDRO ALVARADO The following study aimed to upgrade the subject Radiographic techniques and other images belonging to the graduate program called Specialization in Diagnostic attached to the Coordination of Postgraduate Dean of Health Sciences of Lisandro Alvarado University Images, by performing a series of curricular changes that allowed adapt its structure to the modernization that has arisen in the imagenologic area during the last decade to train competent specialists in different imaging modalities able to perform optimally in different environments own specialty. KEY WORDS: Curricular Modifications. Radiographic techniques. Imaging Diagnostic. Postgraduate. Specialization.<br

ARTE ACCIONAL DURACIONAL, TRASFORMACIONES DEL CUERPO ATEMPORALES

El pasado y el presente del arte muestran evidencias de los artistas avocados a una transformaci\uf3n del cuerpo humano a trav\ue9s de distintas ideas que integran elementos artificiales. El uso de implantes, clonaciones del cuerpo y redistribuci\uf3n del g\ue9nero proyectan cada vez m\ue1s una transgresi\uf3n a la sociedad hasta cuestionarla y educarla. El cuerpo se convierte en la imagen, en el reflejo de aquello que somos y no somos, es as\ued Sterlac, Orlan y Argelia Bravo transitan el mundo cognoscible de otra manera implantando conceptos desde el \ue1mbito art\uedstico que transforman el futuro m\ue1s all\ue1 de la humanidad misma, lo transhumano. El arte accional nos trae del pasado a personajes como Sterlac, quien en las intervenciones de su propio cuerpo con incisiones e implantes que oyen sus ideas, su tercera oreja en el brazo son ejemplos, de una necesidad de cambios. Por otra parte quiz\ue1s con una influencia del feminismo y cr\uedtica social, Orlan deja de ser ella y se transforma en todas las mujeres en una que son objeto de deseo y admiraci\uf3n, cercanas a lo sublime que propone Kant, vende sus objeto de las performances desde las salas de intervenciones quir\ufargicas al mundo mientras ella eterniza sus implantes. En Venezuela Argelia Bravo, aprovecha ese espacio inter sexo, o transhumano, m\ue1s all\ue1 de la convenci\uf3n biol\uf3gica, propuso impresiones rosas sobre lienzo de un cuerpo diferente, de un cuerpo femenino superior y masculino inferior, refiri\ue9ndose al mismo cuerpo y sus miembros fision\uf3micos. Tres artistas que presentan la convenci\uf3n otra, de existencia de un cuerpo, de muchos cuerpos, del ente m\ue1s all\ue1 de lo humano. Palabas Claves del Autor: arte, transhumano, posthumano, cuerpo. ABSTRACT The past and the present of art show evidence of the avocados artists to a transformation of the human body through different ideas that integrate artificial elements. The use of implants, body cloning and gender redistribution increasingly project a transgression to society until questioning and educating it. The body becomes the image, in the reflection of what we are and are not, so Sterlac, Orlan and Algeria Bravo transpose the knowable world in another way implanting concepts from the artistic realm that transform the future beyond humanity itself , The transhuman. The action art brings us from the past to characters like Sterlac, who in the interventions of his own body with incisions and implants that hear his ideas, his third ear in the arm are examples of a need for change. On the other hand, perhaps with an influence of feminism and social criticism, Orlan ceases to be her and transforms herself into all the women in one who are objects of desire and admiration, close to the sublime that Kant proposes, sells his object of the performances since The surgical intervention rooms to the world while she perpetuates her implants. In Venezuela Algeria Bravo, she takes advantage of this space between sex, or transhuman, beyond the biological convention, proposed pink prints on canvas of a different body, of an upper and lower masculine body, referring to the same body and its physiognomic members. Three artists who present the other convention, of existence of a body, of many bodies, of the being beyond the human Keywords: Art, transhuman, posthuman, body<br