Uji Aktivitas Penangkapan Radikal Dpph Ekstrak Produk Teh Hitam (Camellia Sinensis (L.) O.k.) Dan Gambir (Uncaria Gambir (Hunter) Roxb) Serta Profil Klt-densitometernya

The purpose of this research was to compare the DPPH scavenging activity of black tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) OK) and gambier (Uncaria gambir (Hunter) Roxb) product extract and to determine their TLC-densitometer profile. This research was conducted in two stages, first stage was to examine the DPPH scavenging activity of black tea and gambier product extract. This assay used some concentrations of black tea product extract, gambier product extract, and standard vitamin C (10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 200, and 320 µg/mL). The second stage was to determine the extracts profile by TLC-densitometer. The result of this research showed that the DPPH scavenging activity of gambier product extract was greater (IC50 = 88,57±0,64 µg/mL) than black tea product extract (IC50 = 311,54±2,79 µg/mL). The result of profile determination of black tea product extract at a mobile phase of MeOH:toluene (50:50) showed that no spot was supposed a volatile oil group; at mobile phase of ethyl acetate:formic acid:acetic acid:H2O (100:11:11:26) showed two spots that was supposed a flavonoid group, spot with Rf 0,41 (?max 365 nm) and spot with Rf 0,97 (?max 280 nm); at mobile phase of CHCl3:MeOH (90:10) showed that spot with Rf 0,87 (?max 275 nm) was supposed an alkaloid group; at mobile phase of acetic acid:diethyl ether:n-hexane:ethyl acetate (20:20:20:40) showed that spot with Rf 0,62 (?max 290 nm) was supposed a tannin group. While the result of profile determination of gambier product extract at mobile phase of ethyl acetate:formic acid:acetic acid:H2O (100:11:11:26) showed two spots that was supposed a flavonoid group, spot with Rf 0,81 (?max 280 nm) and spot with Rf 0,92 (?max 280 nm); at mobile phase of acetic acid:diethyl ether:n-hexane:ethyl acetate (20:20:20:40) showed that spot with Rf 0,42 (?max 285 nm) was supposed a tannin group

Pemanfaatan Simulasi Farmakokinetik dalam Memprediksi Profil Kronofarmakokinetik Parasetamol pada Pemberian Berulang

Telah dilakukan simulasi profil kronofarmakokinetik parasetamol setelah diberikan berulang melalui rute oral dari data publikasi kronofarmakokinetik parasetamol. Simulasi dilakukan menggunakan bantuan Micromath Scientist Software 2,01 melalui fitting. Tujuan penelitian ini memperoleh gambaran Perubahan profil farmakokinetik parasetamol pada fenomena kronofarmakokinetik setelah pemberian berulang. Tidak terdapat perbedaan antara parameter farmakokinetik publikasi dengan hasil fitting. Parameter farmakokinetik parasetamol hasil fitting dapat digunakan untuk memodelkan profil kronofarmakokinetik parasetamol. Hasil simulasi dapat menggambarkan profil parasetamol yang dipengaruhi oleh fenomena kronofarmakokinetik

Resettlement experiences and resilience in refugee youth in Perth, Western Australia

Background: In Australia, the two major pathways of refugee entry are the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees resettlement programme and irregular maritime arrivals (IMAs) seeking asylum. The Australian Government’s policies towards IMAs since July 2013 are controversial, uncompromising and consistently harsh, with asylum seekers held in detention centres for prolonged periods. Refugees and asylum seekers have distinct and unique stressors that make resettlement difficult. Methods: This exploratory study examines resettlement experiences for refugee youth in Western Australia using the psychosocial conceptual framework and qualitative methods. Focus group discussions and key informant interviews were undertaken with verbatim transcripts analysed using thematic analysis to identify themes. Results: Themes documented that language and its impact, and experience with education, health, and social activities, support structures provided to youth and supporting future aspirations as critical to successful resettlement. This exploratory study contributes to developing a broader understanding of the resettlement experiences of refugee youth, drawing on their current and past experiences, cultural differences and mechanisms for coping. Conclusion: Fluency in English language, especially spoken, was a facilitator of successful resettlement. Our results align with previous studies documenting that support programs are vital for successful resettlement. Although faced with immense difficulties refugee youth are resilient, want to succeed and have aspirations for the future. Strategies and recommendations suggested by refugee youth themselves could be used for developing interventions to assist successful resettlement

Database Evaluation for Muscle and Nerve Diseases - DEMAND: An academic neuromuscular coding system

Background: A database which documents the diagnosis of neuromuscular patients is useful for determining the types of patients referred to academic centers and for identifying participants for clinical trials and other studies. The ICD-9 or ICD-10 numeric systems are insufficiently detailed for this purpose. Objective: To develop a database for neuromuscular diagnoses Methods: We developed a detailed diagnostic coding system for neuromuscular diseases called DEMAND: Database Evaluation for Muscle and Nerve Diseases that has been adopted by neuromuscular clinics at University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio (UTHSCSA), Ohio State University (OSU), University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC), and University of Texas Southwestern (UTSW). At the initial visit, patients are assigned a diagnostic code which can be revised later if appropriate. Fields include patient’s name, date of birth, and diagnostic code. The neuromuscular database consisted of 457 codes. Each code has a prefix (MUS or PNS) followed by a three-digit number. Depending on whether muscle or nerve is primarily involved, there are eight broad groups: motor neuron disease (MUS codes 100-139); neuromuscular junction disorders (MUS 200-217); acquired and hereditary myopathies (MUS 300-600s); acquired and hereditary polyneuropathies (PNS 100-400); mononeuropathies (PNS 500s); plexopathies (PNS 600s); radiculopathies (PNS 700s); and mononeuritis multiplex (PNS 800s). Results: During a period of 10 years, 17,163 of patients were entered (1,752 at UTHSCSA, 1,840 at OSU, 3,699 at KUMC, 9,872 at UTSW). The number of patients in several broad categories are: 3,080 motor neuron disease; 1,575 neuromuscular junction disease; 1,851 muscular dystrophies; 633 inflammatory myopathies; 1,090 hereditary neuropathies; 1,001 immune-mediated polyneuropathies; 620 metabolic/toxic polyneuropathies; 535 mononeuropathies; 296 plexopathies; and 769 radiculopathies. Conclusion: A detailed diagnostic neuromuscular database can be utilized at multiple academic centers. The database should be simple without too many fields to complete, to ensure compliance during busy clinic operations. This database has been very useful in identifying groups of patients for retrospective, observational studies and for prospective treatment studies including trials for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Muscular Dystrophies (MD), Myasthenia Gravis (MG), and retrospective studies of Primary Lateral Sclerosis (PLS), chronic inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy (CIDP), etc

Prevalence, predictors, and outcomes of patient prosthesis mismatch in women undergoing TAVI for severe aortic stenosis: Insights from the WIN-TAVI registry

Objective: To evaluate the incidence, predictors and outcomes of female patients with patient-prosthesis mismatch (PPM) following transcatheter aortic valve intervention (TAVI) for severe aortic stenosis (AS). Background: Female AS TAVI recipients have a significantly lower mortality than surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) recipients, which could be attributed to the potentially lower PPM rates. TAVI has been associated with lower rates of PPM compared to SAVR. PPM in females post TAVI has not been investigated to date. Methods: The WIN-TAVI (Women's INternational Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation) registry i

Effect of polymer-modified bitumen and reclaimed asphalt pavement on the physical properties of bitumen

The high cost of road construction due to the energy required for new material production and the environmental impact necessitates the use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and other waste materials. This paper examined the effect of using RAP with a PET additive as a rejuvenator. PET additive (2%) was added to the virgin binder (VB) of 60/70 penetration grade to form a Polymer modified bitumen (PMB). RAP percentages used were 30, 40, and 50%, respectively. The physical properties were examined using the penetration, softening point, and ductility. The results show that the physical properties of RAP were improved by utilizing Rap binder (RB) and PMB mix ratio. The penetration and ductility values increased by 46.4% and 66.7%, respectively, with the PMB (30): RB (70) ratio blend, compared to RB: VB blend. This suggests a reduction in brittle behavior and less stiffness with the addition of PMB in the blend, enhancing the flexibility of the RAP. Although both mixtures blended with RB exhibited softening points within the acceptable range, improved performance was observed with RB/PMB mix blend over RB/VB blend when used in hot asphalt mixtur

Effect of polymer-modified bitumen and reclaimed asphalt pavement on the physical properties of bitumen

The high cost of road construction due to the energy required for new material production and the environmental impact necessitates the use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and other waste materials. This paper examined the effect of using RAP with a PET additive as a rejuvenator. PET additive (2%) was added to the virgin binder (VB) of 60/70 penetration grade to form a Polymer modified bitumen (PMB). RAP percentages used were 30, 40, and 50%, respectively. The physical properties were examined using the penetration, softening point, and ductility. The results show that the physical properties of RAP were improved by utilizing Rap binder (RB) and PMB mix ratio. The penetration and ductility values increased by 46.4% and 66.7%, respectively, with the PMB (30): RB (70) ratio blend, compared to RB: VB blend. This suggests a reduction in brittle behavior and less stiffness with the addition of PMB in the blend, enhancing the flexibility of the RAP. Although both mixtures blended with RB exhibited softening points within the acceptable range, improved performance was observed with RB/PMB mix blend over RB/VB blend when used in hot asphalt mixtur