Leveraging the Wisdom of the Crowd to Address Societal Challenges: Revisiting the Knowledge Reuse for Innovation Process through Analytics

Societal challenges can be addressed not only by experts but also by crowds. Crowdsourcing provides a way to engage a crowd to contribute to the solutions of some of the biggest challenges of our era: how to cut our carbon footprint, how to address worldwide epidemic of chronic disease, and how to achieve sustainable development. Isolated crowd-based solutions in online communities are not always creative and innovative. Hence, remixing has been developed as a way to enable idea evolution and integration, and to harness reusable innovative solutions. Understanding the generativity of remixing is essential to leveraging the wisdom of the crowd to solve societal challenges. At its best, remixing can promote online community engagement, as well as support comprehensive and innovative solution generation. Organizers can maintain an active online community, community members can collectively innovate and learn, and, as a result, society can find new ways to solve important problems. We address what affects the generativity of a remix by revisiting the knowledge reuse for innovation process model. We analyze the reuse of proposals in Climate CoLab, an online innovation community that aims to address global climate change issues. Our application of several analytical methods to study factors that may contribute to the generativity of a remix reveals that remixes that include prevalent topics and integration metaknowledge are more generative. We conclude by suggesting strategies and tools that can help online communities better harness collective intelligence for addressing societal challenges

Alien species on the coasts of Turkey

The compilation of data on alien species reported from the Turkish coasts yielded a total of 263 species belonging to 11 systematic groups, of which Mollusca had the highest number of species (85 species), followed by Crustacea (51), fishes (43) and phytobenthos (39). The Black Sea is represented by a total of 20 alien species, the Sea of Marmara by 48 species, the Aegean Sea by 98 species and the Levantine Sea by 202 species. The majority of aliens found in the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara were transported via shipping, whereas the Levantine coast is extensively subjected to Lessepsian migration. Benthic habitats (soft and hard substrata) comprise 76% of the total alien species and the pelagic environment is inhabited by thirty-nine species. Almost 50% of aliens collected from the Turkish coasts were found only at 0-10 m depth. Eight species occur at depths deeper than 100 m. The impacts of aliens on the benthic and pelagic ecosystems are presented

The effects of paranoia and dopamine on perception of cohesion and conspiracy: a pre-registered, double-blind, placebo-controlled experiment

Paranoia is a common symptom of psychotic disorders but is also present on a spectrum of severity in the general population. Although paranoia is associated with an increased tendency to perceive cohesion and conspiracy within groups, the mechanistic basis of this variation remains unclear. One potential avenue involves the brain’s dopaminergic system, which is known to be altered in psychosis. In this study, we used large-N online samples to establish the association between trait paranoia and perceptions of cohesion and conspiracy. We further evaluated the role of dopamine on perceptions of cohesion and conspiracy using a double-blind, placebo-controlled laboratory experiment where participants received levodopa or a placebo control. Our results were mixed: group perceptions and perceptions of cohesion were higher among more paranoid individuals but were not altered under dopamine administration. We outline the potential reasons for these discrepancies and the broader implications for understanding paranoia in terms of dopamine dysregulation

Gender identity inclusion in the workplace: broadening diversity management research and practice through the case of transgender employees in the UK

Based on 14 in-depth interviews, this paper explores the unique workplace experiences of transgender individuals in the UK employment context. The paper identifies gender identity diversity as a key blind spot in HRM and diversity management research and practice. The findings reveal the range of workplace challenges experienced by transgender employees. Major findings are that discriminatory effects are often occupation- and industry-specific; transition is a period where many transgender workers suffer due to lack of proper organisational support; and expertise deficits exist in supporting and accommodating transgender employees’ needs. In unpacking these experiences, the paper demonstrates the distinctive dimensions of challenges faced by transgender employees, revealing the need for conceptually expanding how we frame diversity and diversity management. Our findings identify the necessity for an emic approach not only to researching diversity but also to devising organisational diversity strategies. The paper provides recommendations for HRM policy and practice in order to develop a more sophisticated approach to achieving inclusion

Staggered latch bus: A reliable offset switched architecture for long on-chip interconnect

Due to architectural complexity and process costs, circuit-level solutions are often the preferred means to resolving signal integrity issues that affect the performance and reliability of on-chip interconnect. In this paper, we consider multi-segment bit-lines used in wide on-chip interconnect, and explore in detail the effect of signal transition skew on the delay and time of flight in the presence of crosstalk. We present the relationship between segment delay, signal transition skew and the injected noise pulse and propose a novel staggered latch bus architecture to explicitly exploit transition skew for improved speed and performance. Our proposed SLB architecture achieves an average of 2.5X (2.3X) improvement in speed for fully-aligned (mis-aligned) buffering schemes with no increase in area, power or additional wires needed. © 2013 IEEE

Workshop on reconstruction schemes for magnetic resonance data: summary of findings and recommendations

[EN] The high fidelity reconstruction of compressed and low-resolution magnetic resonance (MR) data is essential for simultaneously improving patient care, accuracy in diagnosis and quality in clinical research. Sponsored by the Royal Society through the Newton Mobility Grant Scheme, we held a half-day workshop on reconstruction schemes for MR data on the 17 of August 2016 to discuss new ideas from related research fields that could be useful to overcome the shortcomings of the conventional reconstruction methods that have been evaluated up to date. Participants were 21 university students, computer scientists, image analysts, engineers and physicists from institutions from 6 different countries. The discussion evolved around exploring new avenues to achieve high resolution, high quality and fast acquisition of MR imaging. In this article, we summarise the topics covered throughout the workshop and make recommendations for ongoing and future works.The workshop was sponsored by the Royal Society through the Newton Mobility Grant NI150340 to E.O.-I. and M.C.V.H. M.C.V.H. is funded by Row Fogo Charitable Trust; R.O.R. is funded by the Ministry of Education, Research, Culture and Sports of Valencia (Spain) under the programme VALi+d 2015; E.O.-I. is funded by Bogazici University, and the research presented at the workshop was supported by TUBITAK Career Development Grant 112E036, EU Marie Curie IRG Grant FP7-PEOPLE-RG-2009 256528, Tubitak 1001 Research Grant 115S219, and Bogazici University BAP Grant 10844SUP; I.M. is funded by core funds from the University of Edinburgh, including the Scottish Funding Council; A.J.V.B. is funded by the Marie Sklodowska Curie scholarship which is part of the European Union's H2020 Framework Programme (H2020-MSCA-ITN-2014) under the grant agreement number 642685 MacSeNet; and V.G.O. and P.F. are privately funded.Ozturk-Isik, E.; Marshall, I.; Filipiak, P.; Benjamin, AJV.; Ones, VG.; Ortiz-Ramón, R.; Valdes Hernandez, MDC. (2017). Workshop on reconstruction schemes for magnetic resonance data: summary of findings and recommendations. Royal Society Open Science. 4(2):1-4. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160731144