Ultrasound Findings in a Case of Myeloid Sarcoma of the Breast

Myeloid sarcoma is a rare, solid extramedullary tumor originating from immature granulocytic cells or monocytes. Breast involvement without an aleukemic or myeloproliferative disorder is very infrequent. A 21-year-old female patient was admitted with bilateral palpable breast masses for four months. The patient had given birth approximately one year ago. The ultrasonographic examination revealed multiple, oval shaped—some of them with microlubulated margins—hypoechoic, solid masses of which, the largest mass measured 4.5 . 2.5 cm, evaluated as BI-RADS 4. The histopthological examination suggested hematolymphoid neoplasm. In the differential diagnosis of solid breast lesions, myeloid sarcoma should be kept in mind even without hematological findings. Early diagnosis of this tumor is important for the effectiveness of the medical treatment

Gait speed predictors and gait-speed cut-off score to discriminate asthma control status and physical activity in patients with asthma

Introduction: As a “vital sign” of health and functional capacity, gait speed is commonly used. However, there is insufficient evidence for possible determinants of gait speed in patients with asthma. The primary objective of the present study was to determine predictors of gait speed in patients with asthma. The second objective was to determine the cut-off point for the 4-minute Gait Speed (4MGS) to better discriminate asthma control status and physical activity in asthma. Material and methods: Fifty-seven patients with asthma were included in this cross-sectional study. Demographic and clinic characteristics, pulmonary function, asthma control status (ACT, Asthma Control Test), dyspnea, gait speed (4MGS), physical activity [International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF)] and activities of daily living were evaluated. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was used to investigate the possible predictors of gait speed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine whether usual gait speed had a discriminative value. Results: The stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that the ACT score and the IPAQ-SF score were significant and independent predictors of the 4MGS in patients with asthma explaining 40% of the variance in 4MGS (p < 0.001). The ROC curve showed a cut-off point of 1.06 m/s for the 4MGS for poorly controlled asthma and physical inactivity (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Our findings indicate that asthma control status and physical activity can be independent predictors of gait speed in patients with asthma. In addition, gait speed may be discriminative to determine poorly controlled asthma and physical inactivity in patients with asthma

The effects of early or late treatment of osteochondral defects on joint homoeostasis: an experimental study in rabbits

WOS: 000266482200003PubMed ID: 19083207A 3.5 x 4 mm tubular osteochondral defect was created on the right medial femoral condyles of 51 adult rabbits. In the control group (CG), defects were left untreated. In the early-(ETG) and late-(LTG) treatment groups, defects were treated by an osteoperiosteal graft 1 and 12 weeks, respectively, after the index procedure. Synovial fluid (SF) samples were collected regularly and proteoglycan fragments (PF), total collagen (TC) and collagenase (MMP-1) levels were measured. Rabbits were killed at 4 (early period), 12 (intermediate period), or 24 (late period) weeks postoperatively. Histological examination indicated a more successful healing in both grafting groups than in the CG, but without any difference at any time period between the grafting groups. In the CG, PF, and TC levels in SF increased continuously until the late period, indicating an ongoing degenerative activity in the joints. In contrast, SF marker levels in both grafting groups indicated that normalization in joint metabolism could be achieved-at least partially-after treatment. However, PF levels in the SF showed that the treatment of defects in earlier stages might result in better outcomes since the negative effects were more prominent in chronic stages, presumably due to the more prolonged period of disturbed homeostasis. Thus, histological values and SF marker levels indicated that treatment of osteochondral defects at any time of the disease had a positive effect on healing when compared to no treatment. Early treatment might better assist the recovery of joint homeostasis than late treatment.Ege University Research FundEge University [98/TIP/006]; Ege University Science and Technology CenterEge UniversityWe thank Dr. Emin Taskiran and Dr. Veli Lok for their helpful suggestions in planning this research. All authors declare that these experiments comply with the current laws of our country. We also want to acknowledge financial support from Ege University Research Fund (Research Project No: 98/TIP/006) and Ege University Science and Technology Center, Co-funding of Research Projects Programme

Modified Tension Band Wiring Technique For Olecranon Fractures: Where And How Should The K-Wires Be Inserted To Avoid Articular Penetration?

Objective: Articular penetration of K-wires is a possible complication of the modified tension band wiring technique. However, there is no clear information or evidence regarding the entry point or introduction angle for K-wires to avoid this complication. The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the effect of varying K-wire insertion points and angles on the risk for articular penetration during modified tension band wiring for olecranon fractures. Methods: All anatomical measurements were made on 50 cadaveric ulnas, and all other measurements were performed on exact foam replications of the 50 cadaveric ulnas. Morphometric measurements, including olecranon height and heights of the central, radial and ulnar facets of the semilunar notch, were taken. In the sagittal plane, articular angle and tubercle angle were measured. Two 1.6-mm parallel K-wires were inserted from 0, 5 and 8 mm anterior to the dorsal cortex of the olecranon process at angles of 20 degrees and 30 degrees K-wire articular penetration was evaluated both visually and radiographically. Results: The mean central, radial and ulnar heights of the semilunar notch were 17.3 mm (14.7-20.0), 16.2 mm (12.0-21.0) and 15.8 mm (13.30-20.5), respectively. We observed no articular penetration at the 0-mm level at 20 degrees and 30 degrees (0 mm 20 degrees and 0 mm 30 degrees, respectively) or at 5 mm 20 degrees. At 8 mm 30 degrees wire introduction, more than 64% articular penetration was observed on either facet. The sequence from least to most likely to cause articular penetration was: 0 mm = 5 mm 20 degrees > 5 mm 30 degrees = 8 mm 20 inverted perpendicular > 8 mm 30 degrees. The radial height of the semilunar notch was negatively correlated to the risk of articular penetration, when the wire was introduced at 8 mm 30 degrees, 8 mm 20 degrees and 5 mm 30 degrees (all p <0.047). There were poor correlations between radiological and direct observational assessments, particularly for 8 mm 20 degrees and 5 mm 30 degrees. The frequency of intra-articular positioning for those observed to be radiologically extra-articular was 4/28 (14.3%) for 8 mm 30 degrees, 4/7 (57.1%) for 8 mm 20 degrees and 5/6 (83.3%) for 5 mm 30 degrees. Conclusion: When applying the modified tension band wiring technique to prevent articular penetration, K-wires should be inserted in the first 5 mm from dorsal cortex of the olecranon process at a maximum angle of 20 degrees. Moreover, if the wires are required to be inserted more anteriorly because of the anatomical configuration of the fracture, they should be inserted at a shallow angle in the sagittal plane in relation to the proximal cortex of the ulna.WoSScopu

Association of Gingival Crevicular Fluid Cortisol/Dehydroepiandrosterone Levels With Periodontal Status

Background: The aim of the present study is to examine whether anxiety and depression scale scores change with regard to clinical periodontal status and to investigate the association between the levels of stress-related hormones in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and extent/severity of periodontal disease

L-myc polymorphism in head and neck nonmelanoma skin and lower lip cancers

Objective: To evaluate the presence of L-myc gene variations as a genetic predisposition to head and neck nonmelanoma skin cancer (HNNMSC) and lower lip cancer (LLC)

Caspase-3, p53 and Bcl-2 expression in basal cell carcinoma of the eyelid

WOS:000565809700014PubMed: 32994776Introduction: Eyelid tumours mostly originated from skin and its appendeges. External carcinogens like UV radiation causes cell damages in the eyelid skin and contributes to carcinogenesis. Apoptosis is a very important mechanism to prevent these damage and probable neoplatic change. Aim: To compare caspase-3, p53 and Bcl-2 levels between patients with basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the eyelid and healthy individuals. Material and methods: Pathology archives from October 2012 to April 2015 were scanned for BCC biopsies of the eyelid and tissue removed during blepharoplasty and entropion procedures. A total of 36 specimens were found. The specimens were divided into two groups: BCC group and controls (consisting of eyelid tissue removed during routine blepharoplasty). The pathology specimens were then stained using p53, Bcl-2 and caspase-3 stains and the intensity of staining was graded on a 0-3 scale. Results: Samples from a total of 36 patients were included in the study. Eighteen (50.0%) patients were female. There were 13 patients in the BCC group and 23 patients in the control group. The mean age was 66.0 +/- 10.8 years in the BCC group, and 65.61 +/- 11.22 years in the control group. The caspase-3 staining was lower in the BCC group than in the control group. No significant differences were found between the BCC group and the control group in terms of p53 levels or Bcl-2 levels (both of them, p = 1.000). Conclusions: The caspase-3 level was lower in the BCC group. This result suggests that these enzymes can play a significant role in carcinogenesis of eyelid BCC

Effect of Pulsed and Continuous Ultrasound Therapy on the Degree of Collateral Axonal Branching at the Lesion Site, Polyinnervation of Motor End Plates, and Recovery of Motor Function after Facial Nerve Reconstruction

The aim of the present study is to test whether ultrasound therapy of muscles denervated by nerve injury would improve the quality of their reinnervation by reduction of the collateral axonal branching at the lesion site and poly-innervation degree at the neuromuscular junctions. After transection and suture of the buccal branch of the facial nerve, pulsed or continuous type of ultrasound therapy was applied to the paralyzed whisker pad muscles of rats in the course of 2 months. Instead of reduction, we found a significant increase in the collateral axonal branching after continuous ultrasound therapy when compared to the branching determined after pulsed or sham ultrasound therapy. Both types of ultrasound therapy also failed to reduce the proportion of polyinnervated end plates in the reinnervated facial muscles. Accordingly, continuous ultrasound therapy failed to restore any parameter of the motor performance of the vibrissal hairs. Application of pulsed ultrasound therapy promoted slight improvements of the functional parameters angular velocity and acceleration. The inhomogeneous structural and functional results achieved after both types of ultrasound therapy let us conclude that further studies are required to evaluate its effects on peripheral nerve regeneration. Anat Rec, 302:1314-1324, 2019. (c) 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc