Impact of Training and Development on Organizational Effectiveness: Evidence from Selected Public Sector Organizations in Nigeria

This study is on impact of training and development on organizational effectiveness in public sector in Nigeria. The study sought to determine the nature of the relationship between training/development and   organizational effectiveness; to highlight the benefits of training and development in Nigeria public sector and to ascertain the impact of training/development on organizational performances. Sixty six (66) copies of the questionnaire were administered. 55 were duly completed and returned while 11 were not returned. The data generated from the field were presented and analyzed with descriptive statistic while the corresponding hypotheses were tested with the chi-square, Pearson’s Correlation and linear regression. The finding indicated that: There is positive relationship between training/development and organizational effectiveness. The increase in job satisfaction and reduce employee turnover are the benefit of training and development in public sector. Inter-personal and teamwork are the effect of training/development on organizational performance. The study concluded that effective training is an investment in the human resources of an organization, with both immediate and long –range returns. However mere investment is not enough; organizations need to manage training programs more effectively so that they can get the highest returns from their investment. The study recommends that organizations should make training and development of their employees a regular activity. Training has to involve more than just basic skill development. That is, to use training to gain a competitive advantage, organizations should view training broadly as a way to create intellectual capital. Keywords: Training, Development, Organizational Effectiveness and Organizational Performance, Nigeri

The role of public enterprises in economic development in Nigeria

The study focuses on the role of public enterprises in economic development in Nigeria. The study sought to ascertain the role of public enterprises in improving the standard of living in Nigeria, to determine the nature of the relationship between Public enterprises and employment generation, to ascertain challenges encounter by public enterprises in contributing to national development.The study had a population size of 340, out of which a sample size of 246 was realized using Taro Yamane’s formula at 5% error tolerance and 95% level of confidence. The instrument used for data collection was primarily questionnaire and interview. Out of 246 copies of the questionnaire that were distributed, 230 copies were returned while 16 were not returned. The survey research design was adopted for the study. The hypotheses were tested using the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient, Chi-square, and simple linear regression statistical tools. The findings indicated that Public enterprises significantly improve standard of living in Nigeria (r = 0.703; t =29.976; F= 898.558; p< 0.05).There is a positive relationship between Public enterprises and employment generation (r = .596, P<.05)

The role of public enterprises in economic development in Nigeria

The study focuses on the role of public enterprises in economic development in Nigeria. The study sought to ascertain the role of public enterprises in improving the standard of living in Nigeria, to determine the nature of the relationship between Public enterprises and employment generation, to ascertain challenges encounter by public enterprises in contributing to national development.The study had a population size of 340, out of which a sample size of 246 was realized using Taro Yamane’s formula at 5% error tolerance and 95% level of confidence. The instrument used for data collection was primarily questionnaire and interview. Out of 246 copies of the questionnaire that were distributed, 230 copies were returned while 16 were not returned. The survey research design was adopted for the study. The hypotheses were tested using the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient, Chi-square, and simple linear regression statistical tools. The findings indicated that Public enterprises significantly improve standard of living in Nigeria (r = 0.703; t =29.976; F= 898.558; p< 0.05).There is a positive relationship between Public enterprises and employment generation (r = .596, P<.05)

The role of public enterprises in economic development in Nigeria

The study focuses on the role of public enterprises in economic development in Nigeria. The study sought to ascertain the role of public enterprises in improving the standard of living in Nigeria, to determine the nature of the relationship between Public enterprises and employment generation, to ascertain challenges encounter by public enterprises in contributing to national development.The study had a population size of 340, out of which a sample size of 246 was realized using Taro Yamane’s formula at 5% error tolerance and 95% level of confidence. The instrument used for data collection was primarily questionnaire and interview. Out of 246 copies of the questionnaire that were distributed, 230 copies were returned while 16 were not returned. The survey research design was adopted for the study. The hypotheses were tested using the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient, Chi-square, and simple linear regression statistical tools. The findings indicated that Public enterprises significantly improve standard of living in Nigeria (r = 0.703; t =29.976; F= 898.558; p< 0.05).There is a positive relationship between Public enterprises and employment generation (r = .596, P<.05)

CRYPTOGRAPHIC ENCRYPTION BASED ON RAIL-FENCE PERMUTATION CIPHER

Cryptographic systems play a pivotal role in securing sensitive information in various domains. Permutation ciphers, a fundamental component of classical cryptography, involve the rearrangement of characters in a message to achieve confidentiality. This paper explores the principles and applications of permutation ciphers in cryptographic encryption. The study delves into the historical context, the underlying mechanisms of permutation ciphers, and their relevance in contemporary cryptographic practices. Using permutation on n symbols and Rail Fence Cipher, we construct an algorithm for encrypting and decrypting a message for n = 2,

Sustained Social Entrepreneurship: The Moderating Roles of Prior Experience and Networking Ability

The intention to set up social ventures remains an unpopular choice for intending entrepreneurs due to its obvious limitations of resource constraints. Yet it remains a vital means of making social goods available to disadvantaged people, especially in developing countries. Our study aims to investigate how prior experience and networking ability interacts with empathy, moral obligation, self-efficacy, and social support to induce social entrepreneurial intentions in budding entrepreneurs in Nigeria. Using simultaneous linear regression, we analyzed data from a collection of 315 respondents enrolled in the National Youth Service Corps (NYSC)—a one-year mandatory national service scheme for graduates of higher institutions who are on the verge of making critical career choices. Our findings show that the main effects were statistically significant, while networking ability, more than prior experience, moderated the main effects. Conclusively, budding entrepreneurs need to hone their networking skills in order to exploit their social networks and complement the benefits of prior experiences as they contemplate social entrepreneurship. Future investigations can focus on determining how other environmental factors such as government/institutional support, technological adoption, and infrastructure would affect social entrepreneurial intentions

The Impact of Succession Management on Small and Medium Enterprises’ Sustainability in Lagos State, Nigeria

This study investigated the impact of succession management on small and medium enterprises’ (SMEs’) sustainability in Lagos, Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive survey research method and its participants were selected from five SMEs across Lagos State, based on their number of years of operating, staff strength, and branch locations. The enterprises included Gnakk Enterprises, Dreamville School, Vitus Cosmetics, Osi Ventures, and Chijioke Frozen Foods. The Pearson product moment correlation coefficient was used to analyze the hypotheses, which revealed that succession management had a positive correlation (r = 0.934, p-value < 0.05) with corporate sustainability amongst SMEs in Lagos State, Nigeria. Hence, the study concluded that in respect of strategic recruitment, succession management attracts and assists to retain a high performing skilled labour force

Sustained Social Entrepreneurship: The Moderating Roles of Prior Experience and Networking Ability

The intention to set up social ventures remains an unpopular choice for intending entrepreneurs due to its obvious limitations of resource constraints. Yet it remains a vital means of making social goods available to disadvantaged people, especially in developing countries. Our study aims to investigate how prior experience and networking ability interacts with empathy, moral obligation, self-efficacy, and social support to induce social entrepreneurial intentions in budding entrepreneurs in Nigeria. Using simultaneous linear regression, we analyzed data from a collection of 315 respondents enrolled in the National Youth Service Corps (NYSC)&mdash;a one-year mandatory national service scheme for graduates of higher institutions who are on the verge of making critical career choices. Our findings show that the main effects were statistically significant, while networking ability, more than prior experience, moderated the main effects. Conclusively, budding entrepreneurs need to hone their networking skills in order to exploit their social networks and complement the benefits of prior experiences as they contemplate social entrepreneurship. Future investigations can focus on determining how other environmental factors such as government/institutional support, technological adoption, and infrastructure would affect social entrepreneurial intentions

Increase in the use of inhaled nitric oxide in neonatal intensive care units in England: a retrospective population study

Objective To describe temporal changes in inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) use in English neonatal units between 2010 and 2015.Design Retrospective analysis using data extracted from the National Neonatal Research Database.Setting All National Health Service neonatal units in England.Patients Infants of all gestational ages born 2010–2015 admitted to a neonatal unit and received intensive care.Main outcome measures Proportion of infants who received iNO; age at initiation and duration of iNO use.Results 4.9% (6346/129 883) of infants received iNO; 31% (1959/6346) were born &lt;29 weeks, 18% (1152/6346) 29–33 weeks and 51% (3235/6346)&gt;34 weeks of gestation. Between epoch 1 (2010–2011) and epoch 3 (2014–2015), there was (1) an increase in the proportion of infants receiving iNO: &lt;29 weeks (4.9% vs 15.9%); 29–33 weeks (1.1% vs 4.8%); &gt;34 weeks (4.5% vs 5.0%), (2) increase in postnatal age at iNO initiation: &lt;29 weeks 10 days vs 18 days; 29–33 weeks 2 days vs 10 days, (iii) reduction in iNO duration: &lt;29 weeks (3 days vs 2 days); 29–33 weeks (2 days vs 1 day).Conclusions Between 2010 and 2015, there was an increase in the use of iNO among infants admitted to English neonatal units. This was most notable among the most premature infants with an almost fourfold increase. Given the cost of iNO therapy, limited evidence of efficacy in preterm infants and potential for harm, we suggest that exposure to iNO should be limited, ideally to infants included in research studies (either observational or randomised placebo-controlled trial) or within a protocolised pathway. Development of consensus guidelines may also help standardise practice