An ancient anatomic variation: bilateral elongated styloid process of cranium

The elongated stylohyoid process presents with considerable anatomic variability. We report here on an ancient cranium with bilateral elongated styloid process, 3.3 cm on the right side and 5.1 cm on the left side, found during the examination of excavated bones of 2000 years ago (first half of 1st century AD) from the old Greek-Roman city-of Leodikya in Turkey. We determined the gender as female, from the examination of the skeleton (especially skull and pelvic bones). No other variation was observed. On the basis of embryology, the reason for this variation may be partial ossification of the second pharyngeal arch cartilage in the region which commonly becomes the stylohyoid ligament. Although elongation of the styloid process is common, it is important to report this ancient variation, in order to help to compare the bone variations between ancient and modern humans and the contribution of genetic and environmental determinants

Central Sagittal Angle of the Sacrum as a New Risk Factor for Patients with Persistent Low Back Pain after Caesarean Section

Study DesignRetrospective.PurposeThis study investigated the possible association of persistent low back pain (LBP) with caesarean section (CS) under spinal anesthesia.Overview of LiteratureMany women suffer from LBP after CS, which is commonly performed under spinal anesthesia. However, this type of LBP is poorly understood, and there is poor consensus regarding increased risk after spinal anesthesia.MethodsWe examined two groups of patients who underwent cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia. Group I included patients who presented to a neurosurgical clinic complaining of LBP for at least 6 months. Group II was a control group with patients without LBP. We analyzed clinical and sagittal angle parameters, including age, body mass index, parity, central sagittal angle of the sacrum (CSAS), and sacral slope (SS).ResultsFifty-three patients participated in this study: 23 (43.1%) in Group I and 30 (56.9%) in Group II. Non-parametric Mann–Whitney U-tests showed that age, parity, and CSAS significantly differed between the two groups at 6 months.ConclusionsAge, parity, and CSAS appear to be associated with increased risk for LBP after CS under spinal anesthesia. Future prospective studies on this subject may help validate our results

Posterior longitudinal ligament suturation after lumbar discectomy provides postoperative a large intradural area: First report

Background: Stability and flexibility of the spine are provided by the posterior longitudinal ligament ( PLL). It plays a key role in the pathogenesis of lumbar disc herniation (LDH) by preventing disc protrusion. The effect of the suturing of the PLL on the intradural area was investigated. Patients and Methods: The patients were included in whom lumbar microdiscectomy was performed between January 2021 and July 1, 2022. The patients were randomly divided into two groups as PLLs were sutured and unsutured. Results: Forty-six (23 males and 23 females) patients were included. The PLLs were sutured in 22 patients (Group 1) and not sutured in 24 patients (Group 2). The levels, sides of LDHs, and ages and gender of patients were also analyzed in both groups, which were not statistically significant. Preoperative mean spinal intradural areas were 77.29 mm2 for the PLL unsutured group and 85.40 mm2 for the PLL sutured group (Groups 1 and 2). For patients in Groups 1 and 2, the postoperative mean spinal intradural areas grew to 134.73 mm2 and 96.12 mm2, respectively. The difference in preoperative mean spinal intradural regions between the two groups was not statistically significant; however, Group 1 showed a substantial difference (sutured PLL patients). Conclusions: This study first time indicates that suturing PLL has a protective and supportive role in patients who were operated on for LDH

Hippocampal neuron number loss in rats exposed to ingested sulfite

Sulfite, which is continuously formed in the body during metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids, is commonly used in preservatives. It has been shown that there are toxic effects of sulfite on many cellular components. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible toxic effects of sulfite on pyramidal neurons by counting cell numbers in CA1 and CA2-CA3 subdivisions of the rat hippocampus. For this purpose, male albino rats were divided into a control group and a sulfite group (25 mg/kg). Sulfite was administered to the animals via drinking water for 8 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, brains were removed and neurons were estimated in total and in a known fraction of CA1 and CA2-CA3 subdivisions of the left hippocampus by using the optical fractionator method-a stereological method. Results showed that sulfite treatment caused a significant decrease in the total number of pyramidal neurons in three subdivisions of the hippocampus (CA1 and CA2-CA3) in the sulfite group compared with the control group (p < 0.05, Mann Whitney U test). It was concluded that exogenous administration of sulfite causes loss of pyramidal neurons in CA1 and CA2-CA3 subdivisions of the rat hippocampus

The prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni in various sources in Kayseri, Turkey, and molecular analysis of isolated strains by PCR-RFLP

The objective of this study was to isolate, identify, and genotype Campylobacter jejuni from various sources in the province of Kayseri, Turkey. A total of 6667 samples consisting of 5167 human fecal swabs, 600 dog rectal swabs, 600 cattle gallbladders, and 300 chicken carcasses were examined. The samples were plated onto mCCDA (cefoperazone charcoal desoxycholate agar) agar. In order to identify C. jejuni, phenotypic tests and PCR (polymerase chain reaction) were performed. C. jejuni was isolated in 1.43%, 43.50%, 31.16%, and 56% of the human, dog, cattle, and chicken samples, respectively. Among the 690 C. jejuni strains that were isolated during the study period, 200 C. jejuni strains (50 strains from each species) were randomly selected. The selected strains were typed by using PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism) fla-typing. DdeI and HinfI restriction enzymes were used for molecular typing. Following the DdeI enzyme application, the strains produced various numbers of bands between 4 and 7, with a total of 20 different band profiles. No similar band profiles were seen among the strains isolated from different sources. It was found that HinfI was not a more discriminative enzyme for fla-typing of C. jejuni isolates

What Are We Missing From Asymmetric Relationship Between the Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness Profiles and Sphenoid Sinus Volume?

Ozdemir, Dogukan/0000-0003-2008-163XWOS: 000529353700041PubMed: 31633664Purpose/Aim of the Study:Detailed analysis of retinal structure such as the retinal nerve fiber layer can be performed by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). There are no published studies concerning a relationship between retinal nerve fiber layer and human sphenoid sinus volumes. We investigated this relationship.Material and Methods:Spectral-domain OCT. the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and sphenoid sinus volume estimation of both sides of sex-matched patients were retrospectively analyzed.Results:The mean RNFL thicknesses at the left side (91.8 mu m) were significantly smaller than the right side (94.5 mu m) (P=0.040). However, the mean left sinus volume (44.5cm(3)) is larger than the right side, (34.5mm(3)) (P<0.005). Left and right differences of both parameters are statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion:There is a negative correlation between mean RNFL thicknesses and mean sinus volumes. To our knowledge, this article is the first report demonstrating the asymmetry relationship between RNFL and sphenoid sinus volumes

Paradox in the cubital tunnel syndrome-frequent involvement of left elbow: first report

Kanat, Ayhan/0000-0002-8189-2877WOS: 000329093100024PubMed: 23996164Cubital tunnel syndrome (CuTS) is the second most common compression neuropathy in the arm, but the existence of a compressive cause has not been determined conclusively and the majority of the cases are idiopathic. in this paper, involvement sides of limbs of patients with cubital tunnel syndrome were studied. Between October 2008 and December 2011, the clinical assessment of consecutive operated patients with cubital tunnel syndrome in Rize Education and Research Hospital were analysed. the diagnosis and severity of syndrome was based on electro-diagnostic study. This study included 57 consecutive patients with cubital tunnel syndrome (39 men, 18 women; mean age, 44,7 years; range, 23-79 years; mean age, 44,7 years; range, 23-79 years); 31 patients underwent surgical treatment. Involvement was on the right side in 18 and on the left in 39 patients. Severity scores and MCV were statistically significant between sides. Profound involvement with cubital tunnel was found in left elbow. According to the finding of non-dominant elbow involvement in our study, the exact etiology and ideal management of cubital tunnel syndrome continues to be heavily debated

Prospective randomized trial of transthoracic versus low-energy transvenous internal cardioversion in persistent atrial fibrillation

Objective - Electrical cardioversion (CV) is used to restore sinus rhythm (SR) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). In this prospective randomized study, we compared two different methods of electrical CV, namely transthoracic (TT) and low-energy transvenous internal CV (ICV), in patients with persistent AF with respect to efficacy, safety and the magnitude of myocardial damage provoked by either method

Transorbital Ultrasonographic Measurement of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter for Intracranial Midline Shift in Patients with Head Trauma

INECIKLI, MEHMET FATIH/0000-0002-9796-8223; YAVASI, OZCAN/0000-0001-8641-7031; Kanat, Ayhan/0000-0002-8189-2877WOS: 000368229700043PubMed: 26485420OBJECTIVE: Measurement of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) by using sonography is a straightforward, noninvasive technique to detect an increased intracranial pressure, which can even be conducted at the bedside. However, the correlation between ONSD and intracranial midline shift has not been studied. METHODS: the authors performed a prospective, blinded observational study in an intensive care unit. Forty-five patients were divided into groups. of those, 19 patients had a midline shift, whereas 26 had no intracranial pathology or shift and served as control individuals. RESULTS: Spearman rank correlation coefficient of difference of ONSD and midline shift was 0.761 (P < 0.0005), demonstrating a significant positive correlation between patients with midline shift and control group. CONCLUSIONS: Despite small numbers and selection bias, this study suggests that bedside ultrasound may be useful in the diagnosis of midline intracranial shift by measurement of ONSD