Unified description of dry and fluid frictions by subloading-overstress friction model

The subloading-overstress friction model is formulated for the unified description of the dry and the fluid frictions which exhibit the negative and the positive rate dependences, i.e. the decrease and the increase, respectively, of friction resistance. The validity of this model will be verified by the comparisons with test data in this article

Effect of Acetylcholine on the Microvibration of the Body Surface

In our previous studies,1)2) as to the microvibration (MV) of the body surface in the rabbit, OZAKI1) and FUZIWARA2) have reported that adrenaline and noradrenaline were capable of augmenting and inhibiting the MV according to small and large doses injected, respectively. It was suggested in their experiments that the inhibitory effect of adrenaline and noradrenaline on the MV might be attributed to the cardioinhibitory effect caused by injecting large doses of them. The present study, furthermore, aims to clarify the effect of acetylcholine on the MV of the body surface. Experiments were performed on rabbits nembutalized lightly, whose MVs were recorded at the same time as the electroencephalograms (EEGs), electrocardiograms (EKGs) and apexcardiograms (ACGs). With intravenous injection of acetylcholine into rabbits, the MV, EEG and ACG were observed to show the augmentative and inhibitory changes corresponding to (1-5 μg/kg) and large (30-50 μg/kg) doses of acetylcholine administered, respectively (Fig. 1, L and R). The augmentative effect of acetylcholine to the MV was, however, not prevented by moderate doses of atropine, but by adequate doses of tubocurarine. On the other hand, the inhibitory effect of acetylcholine was clearly abolished by moderate doses of atropine. From these experimental results, it seems likely that the augmentative effect of acetylcholine on the MV is due to the nicotine-like action of acetylcholine, while the inhibitory effect of acetylcholine the muscarine-like action of it

PIC SIMULATIONS OF SASE FELs

Abstract A one-dimensional PIC simulation of SASE FELs is developed. In the code, the electron bunch is divided into many cells with the ponderomotive wavelength. The evolution of the radiation pulse is studied. The simulation results are compared with steady-state FELs

Operative treatment for pincer type femoroacetabular impingement:a case report

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a condition characterized by the impingement of the femur and acetabulum. In Japan, this disorder has become recognized gradually. Here we report a rare case of surgically treated FAI, associated with an osseous protrusion on the acetabulum of a 30-year-old female. Plain computed tomography (CT) and reconstructive 3D-CT images clearly demonstrated an anterolateral bony protrusion. Hip arthroscopy showed no degeneration of the cartilage on either the femoral or acetabular side, but degeneration at the edge of labrum was observed in the region of the bony protrusion. The complete removal of the bony protrusion under hip arthroscopy was thus considered impracticable, and a small skin incision was therefore made anteriorly to approach the acetabulum. The Short-Form 36-Item Health Survey (SF-36) revealed improvement in all scores.</p

Potential Changes and Microvibration Responses in the Eyelid Elicited by Single Flash Stimulation.

The potential changes and microvibration (MV) responses caused in the upper eyelid by single flash stimulation to both eyes or a single eye were obtained with the summation technique and their physiologic properties were investigated in healthy resting subjects with eyes closed. It seems likely that the lid potentials evoked photically mainly consist of electromyographic components due to the excitation of the orbicularis oculi through photopalpebral reflex and probably electroretinographic component, because of its disappearance in the occluded eyelid. .................. potential; microvibration response; eyelid; flas

Alveolar soft part sarcoma: progress toward improvement in survival? A population-based study

Background Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is a rare histological subtype of soft-tissue sarcoma, which remains refractory to conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy. We aimed to characterize ASPS and investigate whether the oncological outcome has improved over the past decade. Methods One hundred and twenty patients with newly diagnosed ASPS from 2006 to 2017, identified from the Bone and Soft-Tissue Tumor Registry in Japan, were analyzed retrospectively. Results The study cohort comprised 34 (28%) patients with localized ASPS and 86 (72%) with metastatic disease at presentation. The 5-year disease-specific survival (DSS) was 68% for all patients and 86% and 62% for localized and metastatic disease, respectively (p = 0.019). Metastasis at presentation was the only adverse prognostic factor for DSS (hazard ratio [HR]: 7.65; p = 0.048). Patients who were > 25 years (80%; p = 0.023), had deep-seated tumors (75%; p = 0.002), and tumors > 5 cm (5-10 cm, 81%; > 10 cm, 81%; p < 0.001) were more likely to have metastases at presentation. In patients with localized ASPS, adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy did not affect survival, and 13 patients (45%) developed distant metastases in the lung (n = 12, 92%) and brain (n = 2, 15%). In patients with metastatic ASPS (lung, n = 85 [99%]; bone, n = 12 [14%]; and brain n = 9 [11%]), surgery for the primary or metastatic site did not affect survival. Prolonged survival was seen in patients who received pazopanib treatment (p = 0.045), but not in those who received doxorubicin-based cytotoxic chemotherapy. Overall, improved DSS for metastatic ASPS has been observed since 2012 (5-year DSS, from 58 to 65%) when pazopanib was approved for advanced diseases, although without a statistically significant difference (p = 0.117). Conclusion The national study confirmed a unique feature of ASPS with frequent metastasis to the lung and brain but an indolent clinical course. An overall trend toward prolonged survival after the introduction of targeted therapy encourages continuous efforts to develop novel therapeutic options for this therapeutically resistant soft-tissue sarcoma

Segmental Pedicle Screw Fixation for a Scoliosis Patient with Post-laminectomy and Post-irradiation Thoracic Kyphoscoliosis of Spinal Astrocytoma

Spinal deformity is an important clinical manifestation after surgery for spinal cord tumors. One-third of patients who receive laminectomies and irradiation of the spinal column develop scoliosis, kyphosis, or kyphoscoliosis. Recent reports indicate good results after scoliosis surgery using segmental pedicle screws and a navigation system, but these reported studies have not included surgery for post-laminectomy kyphosis. Hooks and wires are ineffective in such patients who undergo laminectomy, and there are also high perioperative risks with insertion of pedicle screws because landmarks have been lost. Here, we report on the 5-year follow-up of a 13-year-old male patient with post-laminectomy and post-irradiation thoracic kyphoscoliosis after surgical treatment of spinal astrocytoma. Posterior segmental pedicle screw fixation was performed safely using a computer-assisted technique. The authors present the first case report for treatment of this condition using a navigation system

Surgical Treatment for Congenital Kyphosis Correction Using Both Spinal Navigation and a 3-dimensional Model

An 11 year-old girl had 66 degrees of kyphosis in the thoracolumbar junction. For the purpose of planning for kyphosis correction, we created a 3-D, full-scale model of the spine and consulted spinal navigation. Three-dimensional models are generally used as tactile guides to verify the surgical approach and portray the anatomic relations specific to a given patient. We performed posterior fusion from Th10 to L3, and vertebral column resection of Th12 and L1. Screw entry points, directions, lengths and diameters were determined by reference to navigation. Both tools were useful in the bone resection. We could easily detect the posterior element to be resected using the 3D model. During the anterior bony resection, navigation helped us to check the disc level and anterior wall of the vertebrae, which were otherwise difficult to detect due to their depth in the surgical field. Thus, the combination of navigation and 3D models helped us to safely perform surgery for a patient with complex spinal deformity

Management of Lumbar Artery Injury Related to Pedicle Screw Insertion

We report on 2 patients who experienced injury to one of their lumbar arteries related to pedicle screw misplacement. In this report, the lumbar pedicle screw holes were made laterally with resultant injury to the lumbar artery. During surgery, arterial bleeding was controlled with pressure and gauze; however, the patients experienced vital shock after surgery. Vital shock ensued and they were rescued by catheter embolization. If patients receiving lumbar instrumentation surgery experience severe anemia or vital shock postoperatively, the surgeon should assume lumbar artery injury as a differential diagnosis