Quantifying the Direct Radiative Effect of Absorbing Aerosols for Numerical Weather Prediction: A Case Study

We conceptualize aerosol radiative transfer processes arising from the hypothetical coupling of a global aerosol transport model and a global numerical weather prediction model by applying the US Naval Research Laboratory Navy Aerosol Analysis and Prediction System (NAAPS) and the Navy Global Environmental Model (NAVGEM) meteorological and surface reflectance fields. A unique experimental design during the 2013 NASA Studies of Emissions and Atmospheric Composition, Clouds and Climate Coupling by Regional Surveys (SEAC4RS) field mission allowed for collocated airborne sampling by the high spectral resolution Lidar (HSRL), the Airborne Multi-angle SpectroPolarimetric Imager (AirMSPI), up/down shortwave (SW) and infrared (IR) broadband radiometers, as well as NASA A-Train support from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), to attempt direct aerosol forcing closure. The results demonstrate the sensitivity of modeled fields to aerosol radiative fluxes and heating rates, specifically in the SW, as induced in this event from transported smoke and regional urban aerosols. Limitations are identified with respect to aerosol attribution, vertical distribution, and the choice of optical and surface polarimetric properties, which are discussed within the context of their influence on numerical weather prediction output that is particularly important as the community propels forward towards inline aerosol modeling within global forecast systems

Conceptualizing the impact of dust-contaminated infrared radiances on data assimilation for numerical weather prediction

Numerical weather prediction systems depend on Hyperspectral Infrared Sounder (HIS) data, yet the impacts of dust-contaminated HIS radiances on weather forecasts has not been quantified. To determine the impact of dust aerosol on HIS radiance assimilation, we use a modified radiance assimilation system employing a one-dimensional variational assimilation system (1DVAR) developed under the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) Numerical Weather Prediction–Satellite Application Facility (NWP-SAF) project, which uses the Radiative Transfer for TOVS (RTTOV). Dust aerosol impacts on analyzed temperature and moisture fields are quantified using synthetic HIS observations from rawinsonde, Micropulse Lidar Network (MPLNET), and Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET). Specifically, a unit dust aerosol optical depth (AOD) contamination at 550 nm can introduce larger than 2.4 and 8.6 K peak biases in analyzed temperature and dewpoint, respectively, over our test domain. We hypothesize that aerosol observations, or even possibly forecasts from aerosol predication models, may be used operationally to mitigate dust induced temperature and moisture analysis biases through forward radiative transfer modeling.This study is supported by the NASA ROSES Science of Terra and Aqua program (T. Lee; 80HQTR18T0085). The MPLNET project is funded by the NASA Radiation Sciences Program and Earth Observing System. MPLNET observations at the Santa Cruz de Tenerife site are supported by the INTA Grant IGE03004

Unusually Deep Wintertime Cirrus Clouds Observed over the Alaskan Sub-Arctic

Unusually deep wintertime cirrus clouds at altitudes exceeding 13.0 km above mean sea level (AMSL) were observed at Fairbanks, Alaska (64.86 N, 147.85 W, 0.300 km AMSL) over a twelve hour period, beginning near 1200 UTC 1 January 2017. Such elevated cirrus cloud heights are far more typical of warmer latitudes, and in many instances associated with convective outflow, as opposed to early winter over the sub-Arctic on a day featuring barely four hours of local sunlight. In any other context, they could have been confused for polar stratospheric clouds, which are a more common regional/seasonal occurrence at elevated heights. The mechanics of this unique event are documented, including the thermodynamic and synoptic environments that nurtured and sustained cloud formation. The impact of an unusually deep and broad anticyclone over the wintertime Alaskan sub-Arctic is described. Comparisons with climatological datasets illustrate how unusual these events are regionally and seasonally. The event proves a relatively uncharacteristic confluence of circulatory and dynamic features over the wintertime Alaskan sub-Arctic. Our goal is to document the occurrence of this event within the context of a growing understanding for how cirrus cloud incidence and their physical characteristics vary globally. Cirrus clouds are unique within the earth-atmosphere system. Formed by the freezing of submicron haze particles in the upper troposphere, they are the last primary cloud mechanism contributing to the large scale exchange of the terrestrial water cycle. Accordingly, cirrus clouds are observed globally at all times of the year, exhibiting an instantaneous global occurrence rate near 40%. Radiatively, however, they are even more distinct. During daylight hours, cirrus are the only cloud genus that can induce either positive or negative top-of-the-atmosphere forcing (i.e., heating or cooling; all other clouds induce a negative sunlit cooling effect). Though diffuse compared with low-level liquid water clouds, their significance radiatively and thus within climate, is borne out of their overwhelming relative occurrence rate. This emerging recognition makes understanding cirrus cloud occurrence and physical cloud properties an innovative and exciting element of current climate study. The observations described here contribute to this knowledge, and the apparent potential for anomalous wintertime radiative characteristics exhibited along sub-Arctic latitudes

Plan de negocios para una empresa de intermediaci?n de comida casera a trav?s de una plataforma virtual en la ciudad de Trujillo

Ruta Casera tiene como objetivo la intermediaci?n entre personas que gustan cocinar en casa con comensales que buscan una opci?n de alimentaci?n casera. El plan de negocio propone establecer una intermediaci?n entre emprendedores y consumidores, en la que podr? acceder a esta plataforma virtual para seleccionar, comprar y pagar los platos de su pedido desde su tel?fono inteligente. Es as?, que el objetivo del presente plan de negocios es evaluar la viabilidad comercial, operativa y econ?mica para instalar el servicio de intermediaci?n entre emprendedores y consumidores

The ROHP-PAZ Polarimetric Radio Occultation research dataset and its applications

Trabajo presentado al 7th International Workshop on Occultations for Probing Atmosphere and Climate y al 9th Workshop of the International Radio Occultation Working Group (OPAC-IROWG), celebrados del 8 al 14 de septiembre de 2022 en Leibnitz, Austria.After more than 4 years on orbit, the Radio Occultations and Heavy Precipitation aboard PAZ satellite (ROHP-PAZ) experiment has already demonstrated the ability of polarimetric radio occultations (PRO) to detect precipitation. In fact, PRO have shown potential not only in rain detection, but also in precipitation characterization and in sensing the associated vertical cloud structures. PAZ PRO Δϕ observable profiles were made available in 2020 trough the ICE servers (https://paz.ice.csic.es), (https://genesis.jpl.nasa.gov). and more recently through the JPL A new re-processing of the PRO observations is being carried out with the aim to make it public during the second half of 2022. In addition to a better treatment of the rainy observations, the new re-processed profiles will come with an extensive collocation dataset that will allow the users to address scientific studies much more easily. These will take into account the limb-sounding geometry of the observations, performing the collocations directly into the RO rays obtained through a ray-tracer. These collocations include observations like the 30-minute geostationary 10.8 µm brightness temperature, GPM IMERG surface precipitation, microwave brightness temperatures from the numerous overpasses by the satellites in the GPM constellation, radar reflectivities from the GPM core satellite and the NEXRAD ground based weather radars, among others. Furthermore, the collocation algorithms are designed so that more external observations can be easily included. In addition to the exact collocations as described above, external databases are also checked so that coincidences with Tropical Cyclones, Mesoscale Convective Systems and other relevant precipitating systems are identified nearby PAZ observations. In this presentation, we will show a brief overview of the re-processing of the ROHP-PAZ data, with emphasis in the differences between the Δϕ profiles obtained from UCAR’s CDAAC excess phases and from those obtained from JPL excess phases. After that, examples of the coincident datasets will be presented. Results will include statistics gathered from the differentiation of different precipitation regimes (e.g. stratiform vs convective), identification and validation of cloud top height determination, and comparison with other relevant parameters obtained from the collocated observations.The ROHP-PAZ project is part of the Grant RTI2018-099008-B-C22 funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe” of the “European Union”. Part of the investigations are done under the EUMETSAT ROM SAF CDOP4. This work was partially supported by the program Unidad de Excelencia María de Maeztu CEX2020-001058-M. Part of this research has received funding from the postdoctoral fellowships program Beatriu de Pinós, funded by the Secretary of Universities and Research (Government of Catalonia) and by the Horizon 2020 program of research and innovation of the European Union under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 801370.Peer reviewe

A Multi-center exercise on the sensitivity of PAZ GNSS Polarimetric RO for NWP modelling

Trabajo presentado al 7th International Workshop on Occultations for Probing Atmosphere and Climate y al 9th Workshop of the International Radio Occultation Working Group (OPAC-IROWG), celebrados del 8 al 14 de septiembre de 2022 en Leibnitz, Austria.A better understanding of the thermodynamics of heavy precipitation events is necessary towards improving weather and climate models and quantifying the impact of climate variability on precipitation. However, there are limited observations available to assess the model structure within heavy precipitation conditions. Recently, it has also been shown that the Radio Occultations Through Heavy Precipitation (ROHP) GNSS polarimetric radio occultation (GNSS PRO) observations are highly sensitive to hydrometeors above the freezing layer, which expands the potential uses of the GNSS PRO dataset for weather-related science and applications. An exercise is presented to analyze the sensitivity of PRO observations for NWP modeling applications. The ROHP experiment now provides over four years of coincident thermodynamic and precipitation information with high vertical resolution within regions with thick clouds. Murphy et al. (2019) simulated GNSS airborne polarimetric RO (GNSS PRO) events along an atmospheric river. These were modeled by the community WRF mesoscale model using two different microphysical parameterization schemes. The GNSS PRO observables simulated with the two schemes differed significantly, more than the actual GNSS PRO precision. The new exercise presented here reproduces this methodology for spaceborne data, using different global and regional NWP models, and it analyzes the results and divergences with the help of actual GNSS PRO data acquired aboard the PAZ satellite. The objectives of the activity are: (1) To compare simulated GNSS PRO observables, generated with models from different centers and different microphysics schemes, against actual PAZ GNSS PRO observables. Can the models reproduce the main features of the actual data? (2) To assess whether different models/schemes result in different GNSS PRO observables, and whether these differences are larger than the measurement uncertainty. This effort provides insight on future methods to assimilate the PRO profile alongside other conventional (non-polarimetric) RO data. (3) To examine the utility of PAZ GNSS PRO observations for model validation and diagnosis. The exercise includes comparisons with ECWMF reanalysis ERA-5 model, the operational NWP at the Japan Meteorological Agency, and a near-real-time implementation of the WRF regional model over the northeastern Pacific produced at the Center for Western Weather and Water Extremes (CW3E) called West WRF, among others.The ROHP-PAZ project is part of the Grant RTI2018-099008-B-C22 funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe” of the “European Union”. Part of the investigations are done under the EUMETSAT ROM SAF CDOP4. This work was partially supported by the program Unidad de Excelencia María de Maeztu CEX2020-001058-M. Part of this research has received funding from the postdoctoral fellowships program Beatriu de Pinós, funded by the Secretary of Universities and Research (Government of Catalonia) and by the Horizon 2020 program of research and innovation of the European Union under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 801370.Peer reviewe

Implementation of a Global Dust Physical Sea Surface Temperature Retrieval For Numerical Weather Prediction Applications

This works presents the results for the first study to ever attempt to analyze the full potential and limitations of incorporating aerosols within a truly physical SST retrieval for operational weather forecasting purposes. This is accomplished through the application of a satellite sea surface temperature (SST) physical retrieval for satellite split-window and hyperspectral infrared (IR) sensors that allows a better representation of the atmospheric state under aerosol-laden conditions. The new algorithm includes 1) accurate specification of the surface emissivity that characterizes the surface leaving radiance and 2) transmittance and physical characterization of the atmosphere by using the Community Radiative transfer model (CRTM). This project includes application of the NEMS-Global Forecasting System Aerosol Component (NGAC) fields, which corresponds to the first global interactive atmosphere-aerosol forecast system ever implemented at NOAA’s National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). A number of limiting factors were identified by analysing brightness temperatures and SST outputs biases as a function of latitude, zenith angle, wind and moisture for cases in January and November 2013. SST ouputs are validated against a bulk SST (Reynolds SST) and a parameterized SST derived from operational products and partly against observed measurements from the eastern Atlantic Ocean, which is dominated by Saharan dust throughout most of the year and that is also a genesis region for Atlantic tropical cyclones. These observations are obtained from the NOAA Aerosols and Ocean Science Expeditions (AEROSE). The improved physical SST methodology has the potential to allow for improved representation of the geophysical state under dust-laden conditions

Desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa en el idioma extranjero inglés a través de contenido cultural mediado por dispositivos móviles

La investigación tuvo como objetivo contribuir al desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa en el idioma extranjero inglés, a partir de la implementación de una propuesta pedagógica con contenidos culturales y el uso de los dispositivos móviles en diez estudiantes del grado décimo de la Institución Educativa Los Andes, de Florencia en Caquetá. La necesidad de la realización del proyecto surgió por los bajos niveles de desempeño en el dominio del inglés que obtienen los estudiantes en las pruebas externas, especialmente en las pruebas saber 11. De esta manera, se siguió una metodología de enfoque mixto; aplicando dos cuestionarios de 22 preguntas con opción múltiple de respuesta como instrumentos para llevar a cabo el diagnóstico y la valoración final; a partir del diagnóstico se diseñó una propuesta pedagógica la cual se implementó por medio de una unidad didáctica de tres lecciones con contenidos culturales del departamento del Caquetá articuladas con herramientas TIC y recursos digitales. Así, desde lo cualitativo, se desarrolló la técnica de observación a través del instrumento de diario de campo donde se registraron cada una de las actividades desarrolladas en la implementación. Entre las conclusiones, se destacó que luego de la intervención de la propuesta pedagógica en el aula, los participantes alcanzaron mayor proporción de aciertos en el cuestionario final en comparación con el cuestionario inicial, demostrando un avance en términos de dominio del inglés y desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa en el idioma extranjero.The objective of the research was to contribute to the development of communicative competence in the foreign language English, through the implementation of a pedagogical proposal with cultural contents and the use of mobile devices with ten tenth grade students in Los Andes Educational Institution from Florencia, Caquetá. The need for the project arose due to the low levels of performance in English proficiency obtained by students in external tests, especially in the saber 11 tests. Thus, a mixed approach methodology was followed; applying two questionnaires of 22 multiple choice questions as instruments to carry out the diagnosis and the final assessment; from the diagnosis, a pedagogical proposal was designed and implemented through a didactic unit of three lessons with cultural contents of the department of Caquetá articulated with ICT tools and digital resources. Thus, from the qualitative point of view, the observation technique was developed through the field diary instrument where each of the activities developed in the implementation were recorded. Among the conclusions, it was highlighted that after the intervention of the pedagogical proposal in the classroom, the participants reached a higher proportion of correct answers in the final questionnaire compared to the initial questionnaire, demonstrating progress in terms of English proficiency and development of communicative competence in the foreign language.Introducción. -- Capítulo I: planteamiento del problema. -- Problema de investigación. -- Justificación. -- Objetivos. -- Objetivo general. -- Objetivos específicos. -- Capítulo II: marco teórico y referencial. -- Estado del arte. -- Marco teórico. -- Competencia comunicativa. -- La crítica al enfoque communicative language teaching - CLT y la alternativa de la metodología del aprendizaje situado. -- La enseñanza de contenidos culturales en el aprendizaje del inglés. -- El enfoque del aprendizaje significativo como referente para un aprendizaje situado del idioma extranjero inglés. -- El aprendizaje móvil. -- Lineamientos propuestos por el ministerio de educación nacional – MEN para la implementación de las cartillas english please y way to go. -- Capítulo III: marco metodológico. -- Enfoque. -- Método. -- Alcance. -- Población de referencia. -- Criterios de inclusión. -- Técnicas e instrumentos de recolección de datos. -- Técnicas. -- El cuestionario. -- La observación. -- Instrumentos. -- Cuestionario cerrado. -- Diario de campo. -- Hipótesis de investigación. -- Propuesta de intervención. -- Lección no. 1: landscapes around Caquetá. --- Lección no. 2: eco-tourist activities in Caquetá. -- Lección no. 3: festivals and celebrations. -- Procedimiento. -- Fase de diagnóstico. -- Fase de diseño. -- Fase de intervención. -- Fase de evaluación. -- Consideraciones éticas. -- Variables imprevistas durante la ejecución del proyecto. -- Capítulo IV: análisis y discusión de resultados. -- Presentación de los resultados. -- Resultados del desempeño de los estudiantes en el nivel de dominio del inglés durante el cuestionario diagnóstico inicial. -- Desarrollo de la propuesta pedagógica. -- Desarrollo de las lecciones. -- Interpretaciones derivadas del desarrollo de la propuesta pedagógica. -- Incidencia de la articulación de los contenidos culturales del departamento del Caquetá en el fortalecimiento de la competencia comunicativa del inglés. -- El aprendizaje móvil como recurso para dinamizar el aprendizaje de la competencia comunicativa en el idioma extranjero inglés. -- Contraste entre los resultados de la prueba de diagnóstico y la prueba final. -- Capítulo V: conclusiones y recomendaciones. -- Conclusiones. -- Recomendaciones. -- Referencias bibliográficas. -- [email protected]@campusucc.edu.c

ENCEFALITIS EQUINA VENEZOLANA ENTRE LOS AÑOS 2009 Y 2013 EN COLOMBIA

La encefalitis equina venezolana es una enfermedad viral de los équidos que se transmite mediante mosquitos vectores, es endémica de zonas tropicales por la fácil proliferación de estos insectos y exclusiva del continente americano. A pesar de que afecta principalmente a las poblaciones caballares, es una enfermedad zoonótica contagiosa a humanos, roedores y pequeños anfibios entre otros animales, lo que la hace de fácil permanencia en las zonas en donde se presenta. Debido a su alta morbilidad y mortalidad es considerada una enfermedad de importancia económica y su afectación a humanos puede causar la muerte. En la Guajira colombo-venezolana se inició una de las mayores epizootias reportadas en 1967, que afectó poblaciones desde Ecuador y Brasil hasta el sur de Estados Unidos, causando la muerte de por lo menos 50.000 animales y un número indeterminado de seres humanos. En el periodo de estudio se reportaron 49 casos confirmados en 13 departamentos, presentando mayor cantidad de reportes en los años 2012 y 2013 y los departamentos más afectados en este lapso fueron Córdoba y Magdalena con 10 cada uno y Valle del Cauca tuvo 9 casos en 2013. En Colombia no se presentan reportes de humanos afectados desde el año 2006