Residual Dispersion in a Combiner Ring

In this paper we present a proof to show that there exists no system of linear or nonlinear optics which can simultaneously close multiple local orbit bumps and dispersion through a single beam transport region. The second combiner ring in the CLIC drive beam recombination system, CR2, is used as an example of where such conditions are necessary. We determine the properties of a lattice which is capable of closing the local orbit bumps and dispersion and show that all resulting solutions are either unphysical or trivial.Comment: Submitted to PRST-AB on 04/18/201

Nonequilibrium electron rings for synchrotron radiation production

Electron storage rings used for the production of synchrotron radiation (SR) have an output photon brightness that is limited by the equilibrium beam emittance. By using interleaved injection and ejection of bunches from a source with repetition rate greater than 1 kHz, we show that it is practicable to overcome this limit in rings of energy ~1 GeV. Sufficiently short kicker pulse lengths enable effective currents of many milliamperes, which can deliver a significant flux of diffraction-limited soft X-ray photons. Thus, either existing SR facilities may be adapted for non-equilibrium operation, or the technique applied to construct SR rings smaller than their storage ring equivalent.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures; accepted for publication in Physical Review Letter

Technologies for Delivery of Proton and Ion Beams for Radiotherapy

Recent developments for the delivery of proton and ion beam therapy have been significant, and a number of technological solutions now exist for the creation and utilisation of these particles for the treatment of cancer. In this paper we review the historical development of particle accelerators used for external beam radiotherapy and discuss the more recent progress towards more capable and cost-effective sources of particles.Comment: 53 pages, 13 figures. Submitted to International Journal of Modern Physics

Dispersion in closed, off-axis orbit bumps

In this paper we present a proof to show that there exists no system of linear or nonlinear optics which can simultaneously close multiple local orbit bumps and dispersion through a single beam transport region. The second combiner ring in the CLIC drive beam recombination system, CR2, is used as an example of where such conditions are necessary. We determine the properties of a lattice which is capable of closing the local orbit bumps and dispersion and show that all resulting solutions are either unphysical or trivial

The Science and Technology of Particle Accelerators

The Science and Technology of Particle Accelerators provides an accessible introduction to the field, and is suitable for advanced undergraduates, graduate students, and academics, as well as professionals in national laboratories and facilities, industry, and medicine who are designing or using particle accelerators. Providing integrated coverage of accelerator science and technology, this book presents the fundamental concepts alongside detailed engineering discussions and extensive practical guidance, including many numerical examples. For each topic, the authors provide a description of the physical principles, a guide to the practical application of those principles, and a discussion of how to design the components that allow the application to be realised. Features: Written by an interdisciplinary and highly respected team of physicists and engineers from the Cockcroft Institute of Accelerator Science and Technology in the UK Accessible style, with many numerical examples Contains an extensive set of problems, with fully worked solutions available Rob Appleby is an academic member of staff at the University of Manchester, and Chief Examiner in the Department of Physics and Astronomy. Graeme Burt is an academic member of staff at the University of Lancaster, and previous Director of Education at the Cockcroft Institute. James Clarke is head of Science Division in the Accelerator Science and Technology Centre at STFC Daresbury Laboratory. Hywel Owen is an academic member of staff at the University of Manchester, and Director of Education at the Cockcroft Institute. All authors are researchers within the Cockcroft Institute of Accelerator Science and Technology and have extensive experience in the design and construction of particle accelerators, including particle colliders, synchrotron radiation sources, free electron lasers, and medical and industrial accelerator systems

Effaith dad-ddiwydiannu ar yr iaith Gymraeg yng nghwm Gwendraeth

Bwriad yr astudiaeth hon yw ystyried effaith datblygiadau economaidd ar yr iaith Gymraeg yng Nghwm Gwendraeth yn ystod y cyfhod 1891-2005. Ar ddechrau'r cyfhod yr oedd yr ardal yn un amaethyddol ond erbyn diwedd y bedwaredd ganrif ar bymtheg profodd yr ardal ddatblygiadau diwydiannol ar raddfa helaeth. Y lofa oedd prif gyflogwr yr ardal am bron i hanner canrif ac yr oedd yn ganolog i bob agwedd o fywyd y trigolion. Fodd bynnag, arweiniodd cau'r pyllau glo at ddiweithdra, digofaint ac amrywiol broblemau eraill. Nid oes bellach un prif gyflogwr a gwelir amryw o ddiwydiannau yn darparu cyflogaeth i drigolion Cwm Gwendraeth. Yn wahanol i'r lofa, nid y Gymraeg yw iaith naturiol nifer o'r gweithwyr sydd yn y swyddi hyn. Ystyrir newidiadau eraill megis y rhai hynny sy'n ymwneud a thramidiaeth yn sgil datblygiad yr M4. Trafodir cefhdir hanesyddol ac ieithyddol yr ardal a rol allweddol Cwm Gwendraeth yn y cyd-destun cenedlaethol. Yn ogystal, bydd trafodaeth o'r hyn sy'n digwydd mewn gwledydd eraill sef Israel, Iwerddon, Gwlad y Basg a Chatalonia ar gyfer deall y cyd-destun rhyngwladol. Dadansoddir yn fanwl dystiolaeth Cyfrifiadau 1891 a 1901 ym mhlwyf Llan-non ar gyfer ystyried tueddiadau ar lefel meicro. Trafodir nifer o agweddau sy'n graidd i'r astudiaeth gyfan gan gynnwys tueddiadau mudo a phatrymau iaith o fewn y teulu. Ystyrir y rhwydweithiau hynny fu'n cynnal y Gymraeg yn yr ardal yn ystod yr ugeinfed ganrif. Bu lleihad yn eu pwysigrwydd ac yr oedd hyn yn cyd-fynd a dadfeiliad y diwydiant glo. Arweiniodd hyn at sefydlu Menter Cwm Gwendraeth yn 1991 sef y fenter iaith gyntaf yng Nghymru a thrafodir ei dylanwad with gynnal y Gymraeg yn yr ardal. Cynhaliais waith maes yn yr ardal drwy gyfrwng dosbarthu holiaduron a chynnal cyfweliadau dwys a chyflwynir dadansoddiad manwl o'r canlyniadau. Yn yr astudiaeth hon, rhoddir sylw i ardal sydd wedi profi effeithiau 61 ddiwydiannol niweidiol ond sy'n parhau yn un o gadarnleoedd yr iaith, ac sydd yn allweddol yn yr ymdrechion i ddiogelu'r iaith Gymraeg

The Science and Technology of Particle Accelerators

The Science and Technology of Particle Accelerators provides an accessible introduction to the field, and is suitable for advanced undergraduates, graduate students, and academics, as well as professionals in national laboratories and facilities, industry, and medicine who are designing or using particle accelerators. Providing integrated coverage of accelerator science and technology, this book presents the fundamental concepts alongside detailed engineering discussions and extensive practical guidance, including many numerical examples. For each topic, the authors provide a description of the physical principles, a guide to the practical application of those principles, and a discussion of how to design the components that allow the application to be realised. Features: Written by an interdisciplinary and highly respected team of physicists and engineers from the Cockcroft Institute of Accelerator Science and Technology in the UK Accessible style, with many numerical examples Contains an extensive set of problems, with fully worked solutions available Rob Appleby is an academic member of staff at the University of Manchester, and Chief Examiner in the Department of Physics and Astronomy. Graeme Burt is an academic member of staff at the University of Lancaster, and previous Director of Education at the Cockcroft Institute. James Clarke is head of Science Division in the Accelerator Science and Technology Centre at STFC Daresbury Laboratory. Hywel Owen is an academic member of staff at the University of Manchester, and Director of Education at the Cockcroft Institute. All authors are researchers within the Cockcroft Institute of Accelerator Science and Technology and have extensive experience in the design and construction of particle accelerators, including particle colliders, synchrotron radiation sources, free electron lasers, and medical and industrial accelerator systems