Internet- and mobile-based psychological interventions: applications, efficacy, and potential for improving mental health.

The majority of mental health disorders remain untreated. Many limitations of traditional psychological interventions such as limited availability of evidence-based interventions and clinicians could potentially be overcome by providing Internet- and mobile-based psychological interventions (IMIs). This paper is a report of the Taskforce E-Health of the European Federation of Psychologists’ Association and will provide an introduction to the subject, discusses areas of application, and reviews the current evidence regarding the efficacy of IMIs for the prevention and treatment of mental disorders. Meta-analyses based on randomized trials clearly indicate that therapist-guided stand-alone IMIs can result in meaningful benefits for a range of indications including, for example, depression, anxiety, insomnia, or posttraumatic stress disorders. The clinical significance of results of purely self-guided interventions is for many disorders less clear, especially with regard to effects under routine care conditions. Studies on the prevention of mental health disorders (MHD) are promising. Blended concepts, combining traditional face-to-face approaches with Internet- and mobile-based elements might have the potential of increasing the effects of psychological interventions on the one hand or to reduce costs of mental health treatments on the other hand. We also discuss mechanisms of change and the role of the therapist in such approaches, contraindications, potential limitations, and risk involved with IMIs, briefly review the status of the implementation into routine health care across Europe, and discuss confidentiality as well as ethical aspects that need to be taken into account, when implementing IMIs. Internet- and mobile-based psychological interventions have high potential for improving mental health and should be implemented more widely in routine care

The role of alginate lyases in the enzymatic saccharification of brown macroalgae, Macrocystis pyrifera and Saccharina latissima

In this work, we have compared the carbohydrate content and the enzymatic saccharification of the brown algae Macrocystis pyrifera from Chile and Saccharina latissima from Norway. M. pyrifera contained 40% mannitol, 31% uronic acids and 15% glucose, while S. latissima contained 37% glucose, 30% uronic acids and 25% mannitol. Thus, the ratio between mannitol and glucose was much higher for M. pyrifera. Acid pre-treated and untreated algae were enzymatically saccharified in two steps; first at pH 7.5, 25 degrees C for 12 h with a blend of recombinant alginate and oligoalginate lyases, then the pH was changed to 5.2, a commercial cellulase cocktail was added and saccharification continued at 50 degrees C for 4 h. These experiments showed that the use of recombinant alginate lyases and oligoalginate lyases in combination with cellulases increased the release of glucose from untreated seaweed. However, for saccharification of pretreated algae, only cellulases were needed to achieve high glucose yields. Finally, it was shown that brown algae hydrolysates could be used as a growth medium to produce microbial ingredients, such as Candida utilis yeast.CONICYT REDES150014 Algal Biorefinery Network: Foods of Norway-ICDB of Chile Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CeBiB) FB-0001 Foods of Norway Centre for Research-based Innovation (Research Council of Norway) 237841/030 Research Council of Norway 23900

A response to and caution of Language is a critical mediator of autistic experiences within the criminal justice system

DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT : Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no newdata were created or analyzed in this study.No abstract is available for this article.http://wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/aurhj2024Distance EducationNon