91 research outputs found
Effet du chrome niacinate sur la tolérance au glucose chez le rat wistar
Le chrome est un oligoĂ©lĂ©ment essentiel Ă lâhomĂ©ostasie du mĂ©tabolisme glucidique qui pourrait Ă©galement ĂȘtre impliquĂ© dans lâĂ©tiologie de lâathĂ©rosclĂ©rose. Trois lots de rats Wistar males (n= 30, ĂągĂ© de 2 mois) traitĂ©s quotidiennement et pendant 28 jours. Les ContrĂŽles ont reçu du sĂ©rum physiologique (1”L/g/j, ip), groupe II a reçu la dexamĂ©thasone (DEX : 0,2 mg/kg/j, ip) et les rats du groupe III ont reçu le mĂȘme rĂ©gime que le groupe II avec une supplĂ©mentation en CrN Ă partir du 7 Ăšme jour de lâexpĂ©rimentation (CrN : 30 mg/kg/j, PO). A la fin de lâexpĂ©rimentation, les rats sont sacrifiĂ©s et les paramĂštres biochimiques sont dosĂ©s. Les rĂ©sultats montrent une augmentation du poids corporel des rats tĂ©moins par apport aux groupes traitĂ©s par la DEX. La supplĂ©mentation en CrN nâa pas corrigĂ© lâĂ©lĂ©vation de la glycĂ©mie et de lâinsulinĂ©mie engendrĂ© par la DEX, de mĂȘme lâajout du CrN nâinflue pas sur la variation des taux de la triglycĂ©ridĂ©mie et de la cholestĂ©rolĂ©mie entrainĂ©s par la DEX. Il est notamment observĂ© que lâaddition du CrN nâa pas dâeffet notable sur la fonction hĂ©patique et la fonction rĂ©nale.Mots-clĂ©s : chrome, diabĂšte, glycĂ©mie, dexamĂ©thasone.Effect of chromium niacinate on glucose tolerance at wistar rat Chromium is an essential trace element in the homeostasis of glucose metabolism could also be involved in the etiology of atherosclerosis. Three groups of male Wistar rats (n= 30, age 2 months) treated daily for 28 days. Controls received saline (1”l/g/day, ip), group II received dexamethasone (DEX: 0, 2 mg/kg/day, ip) and the rats of group III received the same treatment as the group II with supplementation CrN from the 7 day of the experiment (CrN: 30 mg/kg/day, PO). At the end of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed and biochemical parameters were measured. The results show an increase in the body weight of control rats contribution to the DEX treated groups. CrN supplementation did not correct the elevation of blood glucose and insulin caused by DEX. The addition of CrN does not affect the rate of change in triglycerides and cholesterol trained by DEX. It is particularly noted that the addition of CrN has no significant effect on liver and kidney functions.Keywords : chromium, diabetes, glucose, dexamethasone
Les cancers de lâorbite etude retrospective Ă propos de 31 cas
locorĂ©gionale rendant le traitement difficile et mutilant. Dans ce travail, nous rapportons notre expĂ©rience dans la prise en charge diagnostique et thĂ©rapeutique de ces tumeurs. MatĂ©riels et mĂ©thodes : Notre Ă©tude rĂ©trospective a concernĂ© 31 cas de cancers de lâorbite colligĂ©s sur 13 ans (1993- 2005). Tous les patients ont bĂ©nĂ©ficiĂ© dâun examen clinique complet, dâune imagerie du massif facial (TDM et/ou IRM) et dâune biopsie de la tumeur. Le traitement a Ă©tĂ© basĂ© sur la chirurgie, la radiothĂ©rapie et/ou la chimiothĂ©rapie. RĂ©sultats : La symptomatologie clinique Ă©tait dominĂ©e par les signes ophtalmologiques et les algies faciales. Lâimagerie a montrĂ© dans tous les cas un processus expansif tissulaire Ă point de dĂ©part orbitaire, avec lyse osseuse orbitaire chez 16 patients (51,6%), une extension au massif facial chez 7 patients (22,6%), endocrĂąniennes chez 6 patients (19,4%) et des formes bilatĂ©rales atteignant les deux orbites dans 3 cas (9,7%) lâanatomopathologie montrait une prĂ©dominance des lymphomes malins non hodgkiniens (32,3%) et des carcinomes Ă©pidermoĂŻdes (32,3%), suivis des rhabdomyosarcomes embryonnaires (19,4 %). Douze patients ont Ă©tĂ© traitĂ©s par chirurgie et radiothĂ©rapie postopĂ©ratoire, dix patients par une association radio-chimiothĂ©rapie, et neuf autres par une chimiothĂ©rapie nĂ©o-adjuvante. La survie globale Ă©tait de 67,8% Ă 3 ans, 48,4% Ă 5 ans et 22,6% Ă 10 ans. Conclusion : Les cancers de lâorbite sont de mauvais pronostic. Un diagnostic prĂ©coce et un traitement radical et adaptĂ© au type histologique permet dâamĂ©liorer la survie et la qualitĂ© de vie chez les patients atteints de ces tumeurs.Mots-clĂ©s : Orbite, cancer, lymphome, carcinome Ă©pidermoĂŻde, rhabdomyosarcom
Hemangiomes Larynges De L\'adulte A Propos De 9 Cas
L\'hĂ©mangiome laryngĂ© de l\'adulte est extrĂȘmement rare et prĂ©sente des spĂ©cificitĂ©s histologiques et Ă©volutives. Il peut reprĂ©senter un vĂ©ritable dĂ©fi thĂ©rapeutique. Les auteurs rapportent 9 cas d\'hĂ©mangiomes laryngĂ©s de l\'adulte colligĂ©s rĂ©trospectivement sur une pĂ©riode de 20 ans (1984- 2004). Il s\'agissait de 6 hommes et 3 femmes, ĂągĂ©s en moyenne de 46 ans (17 Ă 75 ans). Les signes d\'appel Ă©taient la dysphonie dans tous les cas, associĂ©e Ă des hĂ©morragies de sang rouge extĂ©riorisĂ©es par voie buccale chez 3 patients. Le diagnostic reposait dans tous les cas sur la laryngoscopie directe qui retrouvait une tumĂ©faction glottique de couleur bleutĂ©e, Ă surface lisse. Une biopsie avec examen anatomo-pathologique a Ă©tĂ© systĂ©matique. Tous les patients ont bĂ©nĂ©ficiĂ© d\'une exĂ©rĂšse instrumentale de la masse par voie endoscopique, avec hĂ©mostase locale. Deux rĂ©cidives ont Ă©tĂ© notĂ©es, pour lesquels une seconde exĂ©rĂšse instrumentale par voie endoscopique a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e avec une Ă©volution favorable. Le recul moyen Ă©tait de 9 ans.The adult laryngeal hemangioma is extremely rare and presents histological and evolutionary particularities. It can represent a real therapeutic challenge. The authors report 9 cases of adult laryngeal hemangiomas over a period of 20 years
(1984-2004). It was about 6 man and 3 women, old on average of 46 years ( 17 - 75 years). The signs of appeal were the dysphonia in every case, associated to bleedings of red blood exteriorized with oral way in 3 cases. Diagnosis based in every case on the direct laryngoscopy which found a glottic tumefaction of bluish colour, in smooth surface. A biopsy
with anatomo-pathological exam was realized in every case. All the patients benefited from an instrumental excision of the mass by endoscopic way, with local haemostasis. Two recurrences were noted, which benefited from a second endoscopic instrumental excision, with a favorable evolution. Average follow up was of 9 years. Journal Tunisien d\'ORL et de chirurgie cervico-faciale Vol. 16 2006: pp. 5-
Evaluation et prise en charge de lâenvahissement mandibulaire dans les carcinomes epidermoĂŻdes de la cavite orale et de lâoropharynx
Objectif : Le but de notre Ă©tude est lâĂ©valuation de lâatteinte mandibulaire dans les carcinomes Ă©pidermoĂŻdes de la cavitĂ© orale et de lâoropharynx. MatĂ©riel et mĂ©thodes : Il sâagit dâune Ă©tude rĂ©trospective Ă propos de 34 patients colligĂ©s sur 6 ans (1999-2004) et ayant un carcinome Ă©pidermoĂŻde de la cavitĂ© orale et/ou de lâoropharynx avec envahissement mandibulaire confirmĂ© Ă lâanatomopathologie. Lâatteinte mandibulaire a Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©e par lâexamen clinique, lâorthopantomographie, la tomodensitomĂ©trie, et par les constatations peropĂ©ratoires du chirurgien. Tous les patients ont eu un Ă©videment ganglionnaire, une exĂ©rĂšse tumorale associĂ©e Ă une mandibulectomie segmentaire interruptrice ou conservatrice. RĂ©sultats : Lâenvahissement mandibulaire a Ă©tĂ© suspectĂ© cliniquement chez 70,5% des patients devant lâadhĂ©rence de la tumeur Ă lâos. AprĂšs examen clinique et imagerie, cette atteinte a Ă©tĂ© diagnostiquĂ©e chez 88,2% des patients. Dans 11,8% des cas, lâatteinte nâa Ă©tĂ© suspectĂ©e quâen peropĂ©ratoire. Lâexamen histologique a confirmĂ© lâatteinte osseuse chez tous les patients. La mandibulectomie segmentaire a Ă©tĂ© pratiquĂ©e chez 17 patients devant lâatteinte du canal mandibulaire. Vingt-huit patients ont eu une radiothĂ©rapie postopĂ©ratoire Ă la dose moyenne de 64 Gy. Les taux de rĂ©cidive, de mĂ©tastase et de dĂ©cĂšs Ă©taient respectivement de 11,7%, 17,6% et 17,6% pour les patients qui ont eu une mandibulectomie segmentaire, et de 23,5%, 17,6% et 23,5% pour ceux qui ont eu une mandibulectomie conservatrice. Par ailleurs, 76,5% et 29,5% des patients ayant eu respectivement une mandibulectomie segmentaire et une mandibulectomie conservatrice avaient une gĂȘne fonctionnelle importante lors de lâalimentation. Conclusion : Lâexamen clinique, lâimagerie et lâexamen peropĂ©ratoire sont dâun apport capital dans lâĂ©valuation de lâatteinte mandibulaire. Une atteinte Ă©pargnant le canal mandibulaire justifie une mandibulectomie conservatrice permettant dâavoir de meilleurs rĂ©sultats esthĂ©tiques et fonctionnels tout en assurant un contrĂŽle carcinologiquement satisfaisant.Mots clĂ©s : envahissement mandibulaire, carcinome Ă©pidermoĂŻde, cavitĂ© orale, oropharynx, mandibulectomie segmentaire, mandibulectomie conservatric
Palaeogenomic analysis of black rat (Rattus rattus) reveals multiple European introductions associated with human economic history
The distribution of the black rat (Rattus rattus) has been heavily influenced by its association with humans. The dispersal history of this non-native commensal rodent across Europe, however, remains poorly understood, and different introductions may have occurred during the Roman and medieval periods. Here, in order to reconstruct the population history of European black rats, we generated a de novo genome assembly of the black rat, 67 ancient black rat mitogenomes and 36 ancient nuclear genomes from sites spanning the 1st-17th centuries CE in Europe and North Africa. Analyses of mitochondrial DNA confirm that black rats were introduced into the Mediterranean and Europe from Southwest Asia. Genomic analyses of the ancient rats reveal a population turnover in temperate Europe between the 6th and 10th centuries CE, coincident with an archaeologically attested decline in the black rat population. The near disappearance and re-emergence of black rats in Europe may have been the result of the breakdown of the Roman Empire, the First Plague Pandemic, and/or post-Roman climatic cooling.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.- Results and Discussion -- The demographic history of Rattus rattus and its closely related species -- A global phylogeography of the black rat based on mitochondrial DNA -- Ancient genomes reveal the relationships of European black rats over space and time - Discussion - Method
Application of an electronic tongue for Tunisian olive oils' classification according to olive cultivar or physicochemical parameters
Olive oil commercialization has a great impact on the economy of several countries, namely Tunisia, being prone to frauds. Therefore, it is important to establish analytical techniques to ensure labeling correctness concerning olive oil quality and olive cultivar. Traditional analytical techniques are quite expensive, time consuming and hardly applied in situ, considering the harsh environments of the olive industry. In this work, the feasibility of applying a potentiometric electronic tongue with cross-sensitivity lipid membranes to discriminate Tunisian olive oils according to their quality level (i.e., extra virgin, virgin or lampante olive oils) or autochthonous olive cultivar (i.e., cv ChĂ©toui and cv Shali) was evaluated for the first time. Linear discrimination analysis coupled with the simulated annealing variable selection algorithm showed that the signal profiles of olive oils hydroethanolic extracts allowed olive oils discrimination according to physicochemical quality level (classification model based on 25 signals enabling 84 ± 9% correct classifications for repeated K-fold cross-validation), and olive cultivar (classification model based on 20 signals with an average sensitivity of 94 ± 6% for repeated K-fold cross-validation), regardless of the geographical origin and olive variety or the olive quality, respectively. The results confirmed, for the first time, the potential discrimination of the electronic tongue, attributed to the observed quantitative response (sensitivities ranging from 66.6 to +57.7 mV/decade) of the E-tongue multi-sensors towards standard solutions of polar compounds (aldehydes, esters and alcohols) usually found in olive oils and that are related to their sensory positive attributes like green and fruity.This work was financially supported by Project POCI-01â0145-FEDER-006984âAssociate Laboratory LSRE-LCM and by Project UID/QUI/00616/2013âCQ-VR both funded by FEDERâFundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional through COMPETE2020-Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (POCI)âand by national funds through FCTFundação para a CiĂȘncia e a Tecnologia, Portugal. Strategic funding of UID/BIO/04469/2013 unit is also acknowledged. Nuno Rodrigues thanks FCT, POPH-QREN and FSE for the Ph.D. Grant (SFRH/ BD/104038/2014).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Excess VO2 during ramp exercise is positively correlated to intercostal muscles deoxyhemoglobin levels above the gas exchange threshold in young trained cyclists.
We assessed respiratory muscles oxygenation responses during a ramp exercise to exhaustion and further explored their relationship with the non-linear increase of VO2 (VO2 excess) observed above the gas-exchange threshold. Ten male cyclists completed a ramp exercise to exhaustion on an electromagnetically braked cycle-ergometer with a rate of increment of 30Wmin(-1) with continuous monitoring of expired gases (breath-by-breath) and oxygenation status of intercostal muscles. Maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressure measurements were taken at rest and at exhaustion. The VO2 excess represents the difference between VO2max observed and VO2max expected using linear equation between the VO2 and the intensity before gas-exchange threshold. The deoxyhemoglobin remained unchanged until 60% of maximal aerobic power (MAP) and thereafter increased significantly by 37±18% and 40±22% at 80% and 100% of MAP, respectively. Additionally, the amplitude of deoxyhemoglobin increase between 60 and 100% of MAP positively correlated with the VO2 excess (r=0.69, p<0.05). Compared to exercise start, the oxygen tissue saturation index decreased from 80% of MAP (-4.8±3.2%, p<0.05) onwards. At exhaustion, maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures declined by 7.8±16% and 12.6±10% (both p<0.05), respectively. In summary, our results suggest a significant contribution of respiratory muscles to the VO2 excess phenomenon
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