La Mobilité des Capitaux en Afrique de l'Ouest: Investigations sur des pays de la CEDEAO

This paper examines the mobility of capital within fourteen (14) ECOWAS Members over the period 1980-2011 using Feldstein-Horioka’s Model. First, we investigate the free-flow of capital within the ECOWAS States, and secondly, we analyze the capital flows accounting the governance of state: high governance (country GOUV1) and low governance (GOUV2 countries). Using an autoregressive lag model, we estimate the coefficients of money savings. The results show that the capital is relatively more fluid within ECOWAS comparing to Europeans developed countries. Specifically, capital flows are more mobile in non-UEMOA countries and countries’ GOUV1 than in those of WAEMU and countries’ GOUV2. Further, the results show that the common currency is not a determinant of the free-flow of capital within the ECOWAS while the good governance is a fundamental factor

La Mobilité des Capitaux en Afrique de l'Ouest: Investigations sur des pays de la CEDEAO

This paper examines the mobility of capital within fourteen (14) ECOWAS Members over the period 1980-2011 using Feldstein-Horioka’s Model. First, we investigate the free-flow of capital within the ECOWAS States, and secondly, we analyze the capital flows accounting the governance of state: high governance (country GOUV1) and low governance (GOUV2 countries). Using an autoregressive lag model, we estimate the coefficients of money savings. The results show that the capital is relatively more fluid within ECOWAS comparing to Europeans developed countries. Specifically, capital flows are more mobile in non-UEMOA countries and countries’ GOUV1 than in those of WAEMU and countries’ GOUV2. Further, the results show that the common currency is not a determinant of the free-flow of capital within the ECOWAS while the good governance is a fundamental factor

The evolving SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Africa: Insights from rapidly expanding genomic surveillance

INTRODUCTION Investment in Africa over the past year with regard to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sequencing has led to a massive increase in the number of sequences, which, to date, exceeds 100,000 sequences generated to track the pandemic on the continent. These sequences have profoundly affected how public health officials in Africa have navigated the COVID-19 pandemic. RATIONALE We demonstrate how the first 100,000 SARS-CoV-2 sequences from Africa have helped monitor the epidemic on the continent, how genomic surveillance expanded over the course of the pandemic, and how we adapted our sequencing methods to deal with an evolving virus. Finally, we also examine how viral lineages have spread across the continent in a phylogeographic framework to gain insights into the underlying temporal and spatial transmission dynamics for several variants of concern (VOCs). RESULTS Our results indicate that the number of countries in Africa that can sequence the virus within their own borders is growing and that this is coupled with a shorter turnaround time from the time of sampling to sequence submission. Ongoing evolution necessitated the continual updating of primer sets, and, as a result, eight primer sets were designed in tandem with viral evolution and used to ensure effective sequencing of the virus. The pandemic unfolded through multiple waves of infection that were each driven by distinct genetic lineages, with B.1-like ancestral strains associated with the first pandemic wave of infections in 2020. Successive waves on the continent were fueled by different VOCs, with Alpha and Beta cocirculating in distinct spatial patterns during the second wave and Delta and Omicron affecting the whole continent during the third and fourth waves, respectively. Phylogeographic reconstruction points toward distinct differences in viral importation and exportation patterns associated with the Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants and subvariants, when considering both Africa versus the rest of the world and viral dissemination within the continent. Our epidemiological and phylogenetic inferences therefore underscore the heterogeneous nature of the pandemic on the continent and highlight key insights and challenges, for instance, recognizing the limitations of low testing proportions. We also highlight the early warning capacity that genomic surveillance in Africa has had for the rest of the world with the detection of new lineages and variants, the most recent being the characterization of various Omicron subvariants. CONCLUSION Sustained investment for diagnostics and genomic surveillance in Africa is needed as the virus continues to evolve. This is important not only to help combat SARS-CoV-2 on the continent but also because it can be used as a platform to help address the many emerging and reemerging infectious disease threats in Africa. In particular, capacity building for local sequencing within countries or within the continent should be prioritized because this is generally associated with shorter turnaround times, providing the most benefit to local public health authorities tasked with pandemic response and mitigation and allowing for the fastest reaction to localized outbreaks. These investments are crucial for pandemic preparedness and response and will serve the health of the continent well into the 21st century

Analyse de la rhétorique politique en Afrique : éléments d’un style de leadership (cas de la Côte d’Ivoire)

L’activité discursive est immanente à la vie politique. Ainsi, la période électorale de la présidentielle de 2010 en Côte d’Ivoire, a été caractérisée par une surchauffe politique et une poussée communicationnelle. Pour se positionner par rapport à leur prise de parole, à l’adversaire et au public, Laurent Gbagbo et Alassane Ouattara font appel à des stratégies discursives, à une scénographie qui nous rappellent celles du discours populiste ; d’où la question : LG & ADO recourent-ils au discours populiste ? A l’issue d’une analyse de contenu et de discours, nous pouvons affirmer que les leaders politiques africains font recours au populisme comme style politique

Strong solutions for a 1D viscous bilayer Shallow Water model

International audienceIn this paper, we consider a viscous bilayer shallow water model in one space dimension that represents two superposed immiscible fluids. For this model, we prove the existence of strong solutions in a periodic domain. The initial heights are required to be bounded above and below away from zero and we get the same bounds for every time. Our analysis is based on the construction of approximate system which satisfy the BD entropy and on the method developed by A. Mellet and A. Vasseur to obtain the existence of global strong solutions for the one dimensional Navier-Stokes equations

Socioeconomic inequalities in curative healthcare-seeking for children under five before and after the free healthcare initiative in Sierra Leone: analysis of population-based survey data.

Socioeconomic inequalities between and within countries lead to disparities in the use of health services. These disparities could lead to child mortality in children under 5 years by depriving them of healthcare. Therefore, initiatives to remove healthcare fees such as the Free Healthcare Initiative (FHCI) adopted in Sierra Leone can contribute to reducing these inequities in healthcare-seeking for children. This study aimed to assess the socioeconomic inequalities in healthcare-seeking for children under 5 years of age before and after the implementation of the FHCI.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

3- and 4-substituted 4H-pyrido[4,3-e]-1,2,4-thiadiazme 1,1-dioxides as potassium channel openers: Synthesis, pharmacological evaluation, and structure-activity relationships

SCOPUS: re.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Rare predicted loss-of-function variants of type I IFN immunity genes are associated with life-threatening COVID-19

BackgroundWe previously reported that impaired type I IFN activity, due to inborn errors of TLR3- and TLR7-dependent type I interferon (IFN) immunity or to autoantibodies against type I IFN, account for 15-20% of cases of life-threatening COVID-19 in unvaccinated patients. Therefore, the determinants of life-threatening COVID-19 remain to be identified in similar to 80% of cases.MethodsWe report here a genome-wide rare variant burden association analysis in 3269 unvaccinated patients with life-threatening COVID-19, and 1373 unvaccinated SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals without pneumonia. Among the 928 patients tested for autoantibodies against type I IFN, a quarter (234) were positive and were excluded.ResultsNo gene reached genome-wide significance. Under a recessive model, the most significant gene with at-risk variants was TLR7, with an OR of 27.68 (95%CI 1.5-528.7, P=1.1x10(-4)) for biochemically loss-of-function (bLOF) variants. We replicated the enrichment in rare predicted LOF (pLOF) variants at 13 influenza susceptibility loci involved in TLR3-dependent type I IFN immunity (OR=3.70[95%CI 1.3-8.2], P=2.1x10(-4)). This enrichment was further strengthened by (1) adding the recently reported TYK2 and TLR7 COVID-19 loci, particularly under a recessive model (OR=19.65[95%CI 2.1-2635.4], P=3.4x10(-3)), and (2) considering as pLOF branchpoint variants with potentially strong impacts on splicing among the 15 loci (OR=4.40[9%CI 2.3-8.4], P=7.7x10(-8)). Finally, the patients with pLOF/bLOF variants at these 15 loci were significantly younger (mean age [SD]=43.3 [20.3] years) than the other patients (56.0 [17.3] years; P=1.68x10(-5)).ConclusionsRare variants of TLR3- and TLR7-dependent type I IFN immunity genes can underlie life-threatening COVID-19, particularly with recessive inheritance, in patients under 60 years old