519 research outputs found
Aspects macroscopiques de la reproduction de Engraulis encrasicolus (Pisces, Engraulidae) sur le littoral-ouest de la CĂŽte dâIvoire
Les aspects macroscopiques de la reproduction de lâanchois Engraulis encrasicolus ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©s de janvier 2014 Ă dĂ©cembre 2014. Les spĂ©cimens proviennent de la pĂȘche artisanale le long du littoral-ouest de la CĂŽte dâIvoire. Les Ă©chantillonnages ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©s avec les sennes de plage et les sennes tournantes coulissantes dont la hauteur de chute est de 6 Ă 10 m de profondeur. Lâanalyse de la sex-ratio globale indique que les mĂąles sont plus nombreux que les femelles (1:0,8 en faveur des mĂąles). Lâanalyse macroscopique des gonades a montrĂ© que lâespĂšce a une activitĂ© de reproduction qui sâĂ©tend du mois de novembre au mois dâaoĂ»t. Toutefois deux principales saisons de ponte ont Ă©tĂ© constatĂ©es. La premiĂšre sâĂ©tend de mai Ă aoĂ»t et la seconde de novembre Ă janvier. La variation des valeurs moyennes mensuelles du RGS a ressorti deux pics dâĂ©volution dont le premier en mai (5,0 ± 0,9%) et le second en octobre (2,8 ± 0,5%).La taille de premiĂšre maturitĂ© sexuelle est de 74,8 mm chez les mĂąles et 83,2 mm chez les femelles. La fĂ©conditĂ© absolue moyenne a Ă©tĂ© de 17 322 ± 4146 ovocytes. La fĂ©conditĂ© relative moyenne des femelles Ă©tudiĂ©es est Ă©gale Ă 2234 ± 845 ovocytes par gramme de poids corporel.Mots-clĂ©s: engraulidae, Engraulis encrasicolus, sex-ratio, gonade, maturitĂ© sexuelle, fĂ©conditĂ©, reproduction, CĂŽte dâIvoire. Macroscopic aspects of reproduction of Engraulis encrasicolus (Engraulidae) from artisanal fishing in western coast of Ivory CoastMacroscopic aspects of the cycle of reproduction of the anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus were studied from january 2014 to december 2014 along the western coast of Ivory Coast. Specimens were caught with seines of beach and the purse seines sliding in the depths from 6 to10 m resulting from artisanal fishing. Sex ratio for all fishes (1:0.8) was in favour of the males. The main breeding season was determined from november to august with two mains spawning periods (may-august and november-january) in which females produced more oocyts. The gonado-somatic index, was presented two maximum values (5 ± 0.9% and 2, 8 ± 0.5%) respectively during may and october. The size at the first sexual maturity (L50) was 74.8 mm for males and 83.2 mm for females. The means of absolute and relative fecundities are respectively 17 322 ± 4146 oocyts and Ă 2234 ± 845 oocyts per gram of body weight.Keywords : engraulidae, Engraulis encrasicolus, sex-ratio, gonad, sexual maturity, fecundity, reproduction, CĂŽte dâIvoire
Stock assessment and population dynamics of Senegal Jack, Caranx senegallus Cuvier, 1833, from industrial fishery of Cote dâIvoire (West Africa)
Monthly data of C. senegallus length composition, was recorded from the continental shelf of CĂŽte dâIvoire from March 2016 to February 2018. The population parameters such as length-frequency distribution, length-weight relationship, growth, mortality, exploitation ratio and length at first capture of this species were investigated to get information for effective management of this fish, by applying Beverton and Holt (1957), virtual population analysis (VPA), using the FISAT Tool II. The lengthfrequency distribution of 804 samples showed polymodal distribution. The folk length ranged from 16.10 to 47.00 cm with a mean equal to 25.68 ± 0.23 cm. The statistical analysis shows that the combined sexes (âbâ = 2.9793), and male (âbâ = 3.0199) growth is isometric. However, female (âbâ = 2.9489) growth is negative allometric. The estimated growth parameters were: FL â = 51.45 cm, K = 0.46 year-1 and t0 = -0.31 year-1. The length at first capture was 19.04 cm (FL). The current exploitation rate (E = 0.33), was lower than the optimum level (E = 0.36). VPA indicate that the fish which die by natural mortality are higher than those which die by fishing mortality. These results show that the current stock of C. senegallus is not overexploited.
Keywords: Carangidae, Caranx senegallus, Stock, Population parameters, Fishery
English Title: Gestion des stocks et dynamique des populations du carangue du sĂ©nĂ©gal, caranx Senegallus Cuvier, 1833, de la pĂȘche industrielle de cĂŽte dâivoire (Afrique de lâouest)
Les donnĂ©es mensuelles sur la composition en taille de C. senegallus, ont Ă©tĂ© enregistrĂ©es sur le plateau continental de la CĂŽte dâIvoire entre mars 2016 et fĂ©vrier 2018. Les paramĂštres de population tels que la distribution des frĂ©quences de taille, la relation longueur-poids, la croissance, la mortalitĂ©, le taux dâexploitation et la taille de premiĂšre capture de cette espĂšce ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©s pour obtenir des informations permettant une gestion efficace du stock de ce poisson, par la mĂ©thode de Beverton et Holt (1957) et lâanalyse de population virtuelle, grĂące au logiciel FISAT II. La distribution des frĂ©quences de taille de 804 individus a montrĂ© une distribution polymodale. La longueur Ă la fourche variait de 16,10 Ă 47,00 cm avec une moyenne Ă©gale Ă 25,68 ± 0,23 cm. Lâanalyse statistique montre que la croissance des sexes combinĂ©e (âbâ = 2,9793) et des mĂąles (âbâ = 3,0199) est isomĂ©trique. Tandis que, la croissance des femelles (âbâ = 2,9489) est allomĂ©trique nĂ©gative. Les paramĂštres de croissance estimĂ©s ont Ă©tĂ© les suivants : FL â = 51,45 cm, K = 0,46 an-1 et t0 = - 0,31 an-1. La longueur Ă la premiĂšre capture a Ă©tĂ© de 19,04 cm (FL). Le taux dâexploitation actuel (E = 0,33), Ă©tait infĂ©rieur au niveau optimal (E = 0,36). LâAnalyse des Populations Virtuelles indique que les poissons qui meurent par mortalitĂ© naturelle sont plus Ă©levĂ©s que ceux qui meurent par mortalitĂ© par pĂȘche. Ces rĂ©sultats montrent que le stock actuel de C. senegallus nâest pas surexploitĂ©.
Mots clĂ©s : Carangidae, Caranx senegallus, Stock, ParamĂštres des populations, PĂȘcheri
Effets du calcium alimentaire sur les paramĂštres de reproduction de lâescargot Limicolaria flammea (MĂŒller, 1774), en Ă©levage hors-sol
De jeunes escargots Limicolaria flammea ĂągĂ©s de deux semaines, avec un poids vif moyen de 0,07 ± 0,01 g et une longueur moyenne de coquille de 7,50 ± 0,03 mm ont Ă©tĂ© soumis Ă cinq (5) rĂ©gimes alimentaires dont deux Ă base de fourrages verts (R1: constituĂ© par un mĂ©lange de feuilles de Lactuca sativa (Asteraceae) et de Palisota hirsuta (Commelinaceae) et R2: composĂ© de feuilles de Carica papaya (Caricaceae) et de Phaulopsis falcisepala (Acanthaceae) et trois rĂ©gimes concentrĂ©s sous forme de farine (R3, R4 et R5), de teneurs en calcium variables (6,82 %, 12,02 % et 16,01 % respectivement) en vue de dĂ©terminer le taux de calcium susceptible dâinduire de meilleures performances de croissance. La reproduction de lâescargot L. flammea est fortement influencĂ©e par les teneurs en calcium des aliments quâil consomme. Les rĂ©gimes concentrĂ©s rĂ©duisent la durĂ©e du cycle sexuel, en ce sens que la maturitĂ© sexuelle qui est tardive (7 mois) avec les aliments vĂ©gĂ©taux (R1 et R2) a Ă©tĂ© rendue prĂ©coce (5 mois) avec ces aliments (R4 et R5). La teneur en calcium alimentaire influence le nombre total de pontes, la durĂ©e dâincubation et le taux dâĂ©closion des oeufs, alors quâelle nâa pas dâeffet sur le poids et les dimensions de lâoeuf. Le taux optimal de calcium induisant une meilleure reproduction varie de 12,02 % Ă 16,01 %. En outre, les animaux qui ont Ă©tĂ© nourris Ă ces rĂ©gimes ont eu une relative longĂ©vitĂ©, un nombre Ă©levĂ© de pontes, une durĂ©e dâincubation rĂ©duite et un taux Ă©levĂ© dâĂ©closion des oeufs, contrairement aux rĂ©gimes Ă base de fourrages verts qui donnent des rĂ©sultats peu prometteurs.Mots-clĂ©s: calcium, escargot, Limicolaria flammea (MĂŒller, 1774), reproduction. Effects of dietary calcium on the reproduction parameters of the snail Limicolaria flammea (MĂŒller, 1774), under indoor rearing Some young snails of Limicolaria flammea species of two weeks old, with an average live weight of 0,07 ± 0,002 g and an average shell length of 7,5 ± 0,03 mm were subjected to five (5) diets including two containing green fodder (R1: constituted by a mixture of leaves of Lactuca sativa (Asteraceae) and Palisota hirsuta (Commelinaceae) and R2:composed by leaves of Carica papaya (Caricaceae) and Phaulopsis falcisepala (Acanthaceae) and three concentrated diets in the form of flour (R3, R4 and R5), of variable calcium contents (6,82 %, 12,02 % and 16,01 % respectively) in order to determine the calcium rate suitable for induce better growth performances.The study shows that the reproduction of the snail L flammea is strongly influenced by the calcium contents of the food which it consumes. The concentrated diets reduce the duration of the sexual cycle, in the sense that the sexual maturity which is late (7 months) with vegetable foods (R1 and R2) was made early (5 months) with these food (R4 and R5).The dietary calcium content influences the total number of clutches, the duration of incubation and the hatching rate, while it has no effect on the weight and dimensions of eggs. The optimal calcium levels inducing a better reproduction varies from 12,02 % to 16,01 %. Moreover, the animals which were nourished with these diets had a relative longevity, a high number of clutches, reduced incubation time and a high rate of hatching, contrary to the diets containing green fodder which give not very promising results.Keywords: calcium, Limicolaria flammea (MĂŒller, 1774), reproduction, snail
Pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of a single co-administered dose of diethylcarbamazine, albendazole and ivermectin in adults with and without Wuchereria bancrofti infection in Cote d\u27Ivoire
BackgroundA single co-administered dose of ivermectin (IVM) plus diethylcarbamazine (DEC) plus albendazole (ALB), or triple-drug therapy, was recently found to be more effective for clearing microfilariae (Mf) than standard DEC plus ALB currently used for mass drug administration programs for lymphatic filariasis (LF) outside of sub-Saharan Africa. Triple-drug therapy has not been previously tested in LF-uninfected individuals from Africa. This study evaluated the pharmacokinetics (PK), safety, and efficacy of triple-drug therapy in people with and without Wuchereria bancrofti infection in West Africa.MethodsIn this open-label cohort study, treatment-naĂŻve microfilaremic (>50 mf/mL, n = 32) and uninfected (circulating filarial antigen negative, n = 24) adults residing in Agboville district, CĂŽte dâIvoire, were treated with a single dose of IVM plus DEC plus ALB, and evaluated for adverse events (AEs) until 7 days post treatment. Drug levels were assessed by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Persons responsible for assessing AEs were blinded to participantsâ infection status.FindingsThere was no difference in AUC0-inf or Cmax between LF-infected and uninfected participants (P>0.05 for all comparisons). All subjects experienced mild AEs; 28% and 25% of infected and uninfected participants experienced grade 2 AEs, respectively. There were no severe or serious adverse events. Only fever (16 of 32 versus 4 of 24, PConclusionsModerate to heavy W. bancrofti infection did not affect PK parameters for IVM, DEC or ALB following a single co-administered dose of these drugs compared to uninfected individuals. The drugs were well tolerated. This study confirmed the efficacy of the triple-drug therapy for clearing W. bancrofti Mf and has added important information to support the use of this regimen in LF elimination programs in areas of Africa without co-endemic onchocerciasis or loiasis.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT02845713.</div
Cellulite nĂ©crosante descendante infectieuse dâorigine dentaire Ă diffusion mammaire : Analyse de deux cas
Les cellulites nĂ©crosantes descendantes dâorigine dentaire sont graves et de prise en charge difficile. Leur diffusion se fait classiquement vers le mĂ©diastin, les cavitĂ©s pleurales, voir le cerveau. La diffusion spĂ©cifique Ă la glande mammaire est atypique, rare et peu dĂ©crite. Nous rapportons 2 cas colligĂ©s en 15 ans de pratique de chirurgie thoracique. Il sâagissait de deux patientes, lâune ĂągĂ©e de 32 ans et lâautre de 25 ans toutes vivaient en milieu rural. Leurs itinĂ©raires diagnostiques et thĂ©rapeutiques, les facteurs de risque, les moyens thĂ©rapeutiques utilisĂ©s et leurs pronostics ont Ă©tĂ© discutĂ©s. Le but de ce travail Ă©tait de mettre lâaccent sur la gravitĂ© de cette pathologie et inciter Ă la mise en Ćuvre dâune politique de prĂ©vention Ă lâĂ©chelle nationale
Intestinal parasitic infections in schoolchildren in different settings of CĂŽte d'Ivoire : effect of diagnostic approach and implications for control
BACKGROUND: Social-ecological systems govern parasitic infections in humans. Within the frame of assessing the accuracy of a rapid diagnostic test for Schistosoma mansoni in Cote d'Ivoire, three different endemicity settings had to be identified and schoolchildren's intestinal parasitic infection profiles were characterized.
METHODS: In September 2010, a rapid screening was conducted in 11 schools in the Azaguie district, south Cote d'Ivoire. In each school, 25 children were examined for S. mansoni and S. haematobium. Based on predefined schistosome endemicity levels, three settings were selected, where schoolchildren aged 8-12 years were asked to provide three stool and three urine samples for an in-depth appraisal of parasitic infections. Triplicate Kato-Katz thick smears were prepared from each stool sample for S. mansoni and soil-transmitted helminth diagnosis, whereas urine samples were subjected to a filtration method for S. haematobium diagnosis. Additionally, a formol-ether concentration method was employed on one stool sample for the diagnosis of helminths and intestinal protozoa. Multivariable logistic regression models were employed to analyse associations between schoolchildren's parasitic infections, age, sex and study setting.
RESULTS: The prevalences of S. mansoni and S. haematobium infections in the initial screening ranged from nil to 88% and from nil to 56%, respectively. The rapid screening in the three selected areas revealed prevalences of S. mansoni of 16%, 33% and 78%. Based on a more rigorous diagnostic approach, the respective prevalences increased to 92%, 53% and 33%. S. haematobium prevalences were 0.8%, 4% and 65%. Prevalence and intensity of Schistosoma spp., soil-transmitted helminths and intestinal protozoan infections showed setting-specific patterns. Infections with two or more species concurrently were most common in the rural setting (84%), followed by the peri-urban (28.3%) and urban setting (18.2%).
CONCLUSIONS: More sensitive diagnostic tools or rigorous sampling approaches are needed to select endemicity settings with high fidelity. The observed small-scale heterogeneity of helminths and intestinal protozoan infections has important implications for contro
Integrated nutrient and water management for sustainable food production in the Sahel
The symposium (2014) focused on the challenges of crop production faced by farmers in the Sahel region. The presentation covers a three-year fertilizer micro dosing (MD) project that was combined with rainwater harvesting (RWH). The techniques are assessed in terms of effects on crop production and family income. It also explores the âwarrantageâ or inventory credit system where harvested crops are stored and used as collateral to access loans and credit. With improving crop varieties, MD and RWH can increase yields up to 200%. There is no evidence that the process caused land degradation or yield decline, suggesting long term sustainability
Supplémentation en farine fortifiée « Misola » chez les personnes vivant avec le VIH sous traitement ARV au Mali.
Position du problĂšme: Tester lâapport dâune supplĂ©mentation en farine fortifiĂ©e chez les personnes vivant avec le VIH sous traitement antirĂ©troviral au Mali.
MĂ©thodes : Nous avons rĂ©alisĂ© une Ă©tude prospective longitudinale chez 52 patients infectĂ©s par le VIH en ambulatoire sous traitement antirĂ©troviral. A l'introduction de la farine âMisola', les paramĂštres de suivi Ă 3 mois ont Ă©tĂ© : (poids/taille), le taux de CD4 et la numĂ©ration formule sanguine.
RĂ©sultats : La majoritĂ© de nos patients Ă©tait des femmes (69%). L'Ăąge moyen Ă©tait de 38 ans avec des extrĂȘmes de 20 Ă 58 ans. La normalisation de l'indice de masse corporel de J15 Ă J60 Ă©tait de 100%. L'augmentation de la reprise pondĂ©rale Ă©tait significative (p=0,0001). Les paramĂštres biologiques Ă©tudiĂ©s Ă©taient Ă©galement augmentĂ©s Ă J60.
Conclusion : La supplĂ©mentation en farine Misola semble ĂȘtre un facteur de gain pondĂ©ral rapide chez les PVIH sous ARV. Nous recommandons une Ă©tude randomisĂ©e sur un grand
échantillon pour confirmer ces résultat
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