Automatic Speech Recognition Errors Detection Using Supervised Learning Techniques

Over the last years, many advances have been made in the field of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR). However, the persistent presence of ASR errors is limiting the widespread adoption of speech technology in real life applications. This motivates the attempts to find alternative techniques to automatically detect and correct ASR errors, which can be very effective and especially when the user does not have access to tune the features, the models or the decoder of the ASR system or when the transcription serves as input to downstream systems like machine translation, information retrieval, and question answering. In this paper, we present an ASR errors detection system targeted towards substitution and insertion errors. The proposed system is based on supervised learning techniques and uses input features deducted only from the ASR output words and hence should be usable with any ASR system. Applying this system on TV program transcription data leads to identify 40.30% of the recognition errors generated by the ASR system

Stuctural And Magnetic Characterization Of CoxZn1-x/Cu Multilayers Obtained by Electrodeposition

We present the experimental results of (CoxZn1-x/Cu)n multilayers (3<x<10) grown using the electrochemical dual bath method. The X-ray diffraction patterns have shown that the CoZn structural lattice parameters are close to those of the monoclinic CoZn13 compound. We have developed an analytical model in the X-ray kinematical theory adapted to the electrodeposited (CoxZn1-x/Cu) multilayers. We have shown that the model can give interesting structural information about the multilayer components, and reproduces the position of the satellite peaks around the main diffraction peak. Thus we have deduced the multilayer period and performed comparison between experimental results and the analytical model. The magnetic properties at room temperature reveal both superparamagnetic and ferromagnetic features. The inclusion of Zn into the magnetic layer and the existence of CoZnCu based alloy at the interfacial regions explain the magnetic properties. The magnetoresistance (MR) loop displays a broad , rounded maximum and the saturation is not observed even at high applied fields. The MR(H) behaviour and its small ratio can be attributed to interfacial effects.We present the experimental results of (CoxZn1-x/Cu)n multilayers (3<x<10) grown using the electrochemical dual bath method. The X-ray diffraction patterns have shown that the CoZn structural lattice parameters are close to those of the monoclinic CoZn13 compound. We have developed an analytical model in the X-ray kinematical theory adapted to the electrodeposited (CoxZn1-x/Cu) multilayers. We have shown that the model can give interesting structural information about the multilayer components, and reproduces the position of the satellite peaks around the main diffraction peak. Thus we have deduced the multilayer period and performed comparison between experimental results and the analytical model. The magnetic properties at room temperature reveal both superparamagnetic and ferromagnetic features. The inclusion of Zn into the magnetic layer and the existence of CoZnCu based alloy at the interfacial regions explain the magnetic properties. The magnetoresistance (MR) loop displays a broad , rounded maximum and the saturation is not observed even at high applied fields. The MR(H) behaviour and its small ratio can be attributed to interfacial effects

Evaluation of the effectiveness and efficiency of state-of-the-art features and models for automatic speech recognition error detection

Speech based human-machine interaction and natural language understanding applications have seen a rapid development and wide adoption over the last few decades. This has led to a proliferation of studies that investigate Error detection and classification in Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems. However, different data sets and evaluation protocols are used, making direct comparisons of the proposed approaches (e.g. features and models) difficult. In this paper we perform an extensive evaluation of the effectiveness and efficiency of state-of-the-art approaches in a unified framework for both errors detection and errors type classification. We make three primary contributions throughout this paper: (1) we have compared our Variant Recurrent Neural Network (V-RNN) model with three other state-of-the-art neural based models, and have shown that the V-RNN model is the most effective classifier for ASR error detection in term of accuracy and speed, (2) we have compared four features’ settings, corresponding to different categories of predictor features and have shown that the generic features are particularly suitable for real-time ASR error detection applications, and (3) we have looked at the post generalization ability of our error detection framework and performed a detailed post detection analysis in order to perceive the recognition errors that are difficult to detect

Managing Mediterranean nurse plants-mediated effects on soil microbial functions to improve rock phosphate solubilization processes and early growth of Cupressus atlantica G

a b s t r a c t The main objective was to evaluate the impact of nurse plant species commonly found in Mediterranean areas (Lavandula dentata and Thymus satureoides) on microbial soil functions, on the native inoculum potential of AM fungi involved in the rock phosphate weathering and to measure the potential benefits to the growth of Atlas Cypress (Cupressus atlantica G.), an endemic Cupressacea of Morocco. Soils collected from an old C. atlantica forest and pre-cultivated with each of the target plant species (L. dentata and T. satureoides). After 5 months of cultivation, they were uprooted and the treated substrate was amended or not with Khouribga Rock Phosphate (KRP). Then pots were filled with the soil mixtures and planted with one pre-germinated seed of C. atlantica. The results show that pre-cultivation step with native mycotrophic plant species improves the mycorrhizal soil infectivity, modifies soil microbial functionalities and increases the impact of rock phosphate amendment on the C. atlantica growth. This low cost cultivation practice by improving forest plant development and cultural soil quality constitutes a promising ecological engineering tool to improve the performances of ecosystem restoration

Genome-wide footprints in the carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua) unveil a new domestication pattern of a fruit tree in the Mediterranean

Intense research efforts over the last two decades have renewed our understanding of plant phylogeography and domestication in the Mediterranean basin. Here we aim to investigate the evolutionary history and the origin of domestication of the carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua), which has been cultivated for millennia for food and fodder. We used >1000 microsatellite genotypes to delimit seven carob evolutionary units (CEUs). We investigated genome-wide diversity and evolutionary patterns of the CEUs with 3557 single nucleotide polymorphisms generated by restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (RADseq). To address the complex wild vs. cultivated status of sampled trees, we classified 56 sampled populations across the Mediterranean basin as wild, seminatural or cultivated. Nuclear and cytoplasmic loci were identified from RADseq data and separated for analyses. Phylogenetic analyses of these genomic-wide data allowed us to resolve west-to-east expansions from a single long-term refugium probably located in the foothills of the High Atlas Mountains near the Atlantic coast. Our findings support multiple origins of domestication with a low impact on the genetic diversity at range-wide level. The carob was mostly domesticated from locally selected wild genotypes and scattered long-distance westward dispersals of domesticated varieties by humans, concomitant with major historical migrations by Romans, Greeks and Arabs. Ex situ efforts to preserve carob genetic resources should prioritize accessions from both western and eastern populations, with emphasis on the most differentiated CEUs situated in southwest Morocco, south Spain and eastern Mediterranean. Our study highlights the relevance of wild and seminatural habitats in the conservation of genetic resources for cultivated trees

L'arthro-scanner dans l'exploration de l'épaule

Apport de l'arthro-TDM (CT arthrography) dans le diagnostic des ruptures et perforations de la coiffe des rotateurs et le bilan des instabilités antérieures