466 research outputs found
Analysis of Potential Value Chains for Scaling up Climate-Smart Agriculture in West Africa
Despite the development of several CSA options and their positive gains, their wide scale adoption remains a challenge. Integrating the value chain analysis into the Climate-Smart Village (CSV) - Agricultural Research for Development (AR4D) approach sounds positioning as an effective approach for upscaling of CSA
Intermittent preventive treatment of malaria provides substantial protection against malaria in children already protected by an insecticide-treated bednet in Burkina Faso: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
BACKGROUND: Intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in children (IPTc) is a promising new approach to the control of malaria in areas of seasonal malaria transmission but it is not known if IPTc adds to the protection provided by an insecticide-treated net (ITN). METHODS AND FINDINGS: An individually randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of seasonal IPTc was conducted in Burkina Faso in children aged 3 to 59 months who were provided with a long-lasting insecticide-treated bednet (LLIN). Three rounds of treatment with sulphadoxine pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine or placebos were given at monthly intervals during the malaria transmission season. Passive surveillance for malaria episodes was established, a cross-sectional survey was conducted at the end of the malaria transmission season, and use of ITNs was monitored during the intervention period. Incidence rates of malaria were compared using a Cox regression model and generalized linear models were fitted to examine the effect of IPTc on the prevalence of malaria infection, anaemia, and on anthropometric indicators. 3,052 children were screened and 3,014 were enrolled in the trial; 1,505 in the control arm and 1,509 in the intervention arm. Similar proportions of children in the two treatment arms were reported to sleep under an LLIN during the intervention period (93%). The incidence of malaria, defined as fever or history of fever with parasitaemia â„ 5,000/”l, was 2.88 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.70-3.06) per child during the intervention period in the control arm versus 0.87 (95% CI 0.78-0.97) in the intervention arm, a protective efficacy (PE) of 70% (95% CI 66%-74%) (p<0.001). There was a 69% (95% CI 6%-90%) reduction in incidence of severe malaria (p = 0.04) and a 46% (95% CI 7%-69%) (p = 0.03) reduction in the incidence of all-cause hospital admissions. IPTc reduced the prevalence of malaria infection at the end of the malaria transmission season by 73% (95% CI 68%-77%) (p<0.001) and that of moderately severe anaemia by 56% (95% CI 36%-70%) (p<0.001). IPTc reduced the risks of wasting (risk ratio [RR]â= 0.79; 95% CI 0.65-1.00) (p = 0.05) and of being underweight (RR = 0.84; 95% CI 0.72-0.99) (p = 0.03). Children who received IPTc were 2.8 (95% CI 2.3-3.5) (p<0.001) times more likely to vomit than children who received placebo but no drug-related serious adverse event was recorded. CONCLUSIONS: IPT of malaria provides substantial protection against malaria in children who sleep under an ITN. There is now strong evidence to support the integration of IPTc into malaria control strategies in areas of seasonal malaria transmission. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.govNCT00738946. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Phytochemical screening of Saye, a traditional herbal remedy for malaria
phytochemical assay was conducted to establish the chemical profile of âSayeâ, a mixture of leaf of Cassia alata, root of Cochlospermum planchonii and whole plant of Phyllantus amarus, used as antimarial remedy. Water and organic extracts were prepared. Characterization of phytoconstituents using specific chemical reagents was performed in tubes, by thin layer chromatography and by high performance liquid chromatography. Steroids and/or triterpenes, cathechic tannins were identified in the decocted and the macerated water extracts of âSayeâ. An anthraquinone with a retention time Rt corresponding to 3.34 min was identified by the HPLC analysis.© 2015 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Keywords: Chemical profile, anthraquinones, steroids, triterpenes, tannins
Monitoring outcomes of climate smart agricultural options at multiple levels: understanding adoption, synergies and tradeoffs
This framework will support field practitioners in tracking over time, the progress and dynamic changes in adoption of CSA options and their related impacts at household and farm level
Production Locale De MĂ©dicaments Issus De La MĂ©decine Et PharmacopĂ©e Traditionnelles : Analyse Des DĂ©terminants De La Survie De LâunitĂ© De Production (UPHARMA))
Introduction: LâaccĂšs durable Ă des mĂ©dicaments de qualitĂ© et abordables par la production locale contribue au dĂ©veloppement sanitaire et socioĂ©conomique dâun pays. LâunitĂ© de production pharmaceutique (UPHRAMA) a Ă©tĂ© crĂ©Ă©e pour pallier Ă ce besoin au Burkina Faso. Cependant, elle rencontre d'Ă©normes difficultĂ©s susceptibles d'entrainer sa fermeture. Objectif: Lâobjectif de cette Ă©tude est dâanalyser les dĂ©terminants de la survie de lâunitĂ© de production de mĂ©dicaments (UPHARMA). MĂ©thodes: La mĂ©thodologie utilisĂ©e a combinĂ© la recherche bibliographique et lâenquĂȘte de terrain qui a consistĂ© en une sĂ©rie dâentretiens. RĂ©sultats/Discussion: Les rĂ©sultats obtenus indiquent que lâunitĂ© n'a pas de personnalitĂ© juridique lui permettant de jouir d'une autonomie dans la gestion de ses activitĂ©s. L'encrage institutionnel ne la permet pas de mener ses activitĂ©s dans une logique d'entreprise commerciale compĂ©titive. Les activitĂ©s de lâunitĂ© se trouvent piĂ©gĂ©es par la procĂ©dure de gestion des actes administratifs et financiĂšres de la fonction publique. Au regard de ce constat, elle doit ĂȘtre envisagĂ©e comme Ă©tant une sociĂ©tĂ© Ă capitaux publics avec une personnalitĂ© juridique ayant une autonomie financiĂšre et de gestion. Conclusion: Au regard des analyses, il ressort que lâunitĂ© est soumise de façon caractĂ©ristique aux principes de lâadministration publique marquĂ© par la subordination, la dĂ©pendance et le contrĂŽle qui reflĂštent le pouvoir de l'Etat. La crĂ©ation dâun nouveau statut juridique, celui dâentreprise publique autonome avec des modes de gestion et de financements adĂ©quats favorisera la mobilisation de ressources pour booster les activitĂ©s de recherche-dĂ©veloppement de nouveaux phytomĂ©dicaments au sein de lâIRSS.
Introduction: Sustainable access to quality and affordable medicines through local production contributes to health and socio-economic development of a country. The pharmaceutical production unit (UPHRARMA) was created to address this issue in Burkina Faso. However, it encounters serious difficulties which could lead to its closure. Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze the determinants of the survival of this production unit. Methods: The method combined a bibliographic review and field survey which consisted of a number of interviews. Results/Discussion: The results showed that the unit has no legal form enabling autonomy in management activities. Its institutional anchor does not allow it to perform its activities as a competitive commercial enterprise. The activities of the unit are trapped by the public procedures of administrative and financial management. In that line, the status of the unit should be revised as a public shareholding company with a legal form allowing financial and management autonomy. Conclusion: Regarding the results, U-PHARAMA is subject to the public administrationâs principles such as subordination, dependence and control. The new legal status will allow an autonomy of a public company with adequate management and financing mechanisms. This will encourage funds raising in order to mobilize resources for boosting research and development of new phytomedicines within the health sciences research institute
Assessing the Climate-Smartness of the West Africa Agricultural Productivity Programme (WAAPP): What can we learn from Benin, Guinea, Niger, Togo and Chad projects?
This info note summarizes the findings from participatory assessments of the climate-smartness of World Bank
funded West Africa Agricultural Productivity Programme (WAAPP)â. This activity was implemented by CCAFS West Africa regional programme in partnership with CORAF under the Capacitating Stakeholders in Using Climate Information for Enhanced Resilience in the Agricultural Sector in West Africa (CaSCIERA-WA) project to strengthen the capacity of country stakeholders of WAAPP to mainstream and implement CSA in their activities in West Africa
NEEDS AND DETERMINANTS OF ACCESS TO CLIMATE INFORMATION SERVICES BY WOMEN PRODUCERS IN SENEGAL
Climate change affects differently men and women around the world. Due
to womenâs limited access to, and control over key assets, information and
inputs for instance, they tend to be disadvantaged in terms of ability,
flexibility and means to change their agricultural practices to adapt to a
changing climate (Bryan et al. 2012). In sub-Saharan Africa in particular,
where women are mostly engaged in rain-fed agriculture under precarious
conditions, the effects of land degradation linked to climate change are
increasingly affecting their production system. This is why the gender roles
in climate-related practices and policies is more and more desired. In order
to improve farmersâ capacity to cope with recurrent climate variability
through the use of climate information, a study was conducted in 10
Regions of Senegal. The specific objectives were to: i) understand and
identify farming adaptation practices used by men and women, ii)
determine the climate information needs from women, and iii) identify the
factors that can influence women's access to climate information
Seasonal performance of a malaria rapid diagnosis test at community health clinics in a malaria-hyperendemic region of Burkina Faso
BACKGOUND: Treatment of confirmed malaria patients with Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy (ACT) at remote areas is the goal of many anti-malaria programs. Introduction of effective and affordable malaria Rapid Diagnosis Test (RDT) in remote areas could be an alternative tool for malaria case management. This study aimed to assess performance of the OptiMAL dipstick for rapid malaria diagnosis in children under five. METHODS: Malaria symptomatic and asymptomatic children were recruited in a passive manner in two community clinics (CCs). Malaria diagnosis by microscopy and RDT were performed. Performance of the tests was determined. RESULTS: RDT showed similar ability (61.2%) to accurately diagnose malaria as microscopy (61.1%). OptiMAL showed a high level of sensitivity and specificity, compared with microscopy, during both transmission seasons (high & low), with a sensitivity of 92.9% vs. 74.9% and a specificity of 77.2% vs. 87.5%. CONCLUSION: By improving the performance of the test through accurate and continuous quality control of the device in the field, OptiMAL could be suitable for use at CCs for the management and control of malaria
Formulation of a Robust National Rural Sector Program in Burkina Faso: What new themes have emerged from the socio-economic and climate scenarios process?
Under the partnership initiated in 2015 between the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) and the Permanent Secretariat for Coordination of Agricultural Sector Policies (SP-CPSA), in collaboration with other CGIAR research programs and centers, an analysis of the National Rural Sector Program (PNSR) based on the CCAFS socio-economic and climate scenarios was conducted with the effective participation of rural sector stakeholders in Burkina Faso. Twenty-two (22) recommendations were made to allow for the effective mainstreaming of plausible socio-economic, environmental and climatic factors in the near and distant future, that will make PNSR II more robust to face future uncertainties related to climate change, global dynamics, socio-economic changes, changes in norms and values, etc. In addition, an exercise with all the stakeholders helped in translating the said recommendations into new actions and themes to be taken into account when formulating PNSR II. Discussions between the stakeholders also underscored the need for crosscutting involvement of research in the implementation of the activities of PNSR II
Formulation dâun Programme National du Secteur Rural robuste au Burkina Faso : Quelles thĂ©matiques nouvelles issues du processus des scĂ©narios socio- Ă©conomiques et climatiques?
Dans le cadre du partenariat initié en 2015 entre le
Programme de recherche du CGIAR sur le Changement
Climatique, lâAgriculture et la SĂ©curitĂ© Alimentaire
(CCAFS) et le Secrétariat Permanent de la Coordination
des Politiques Sectorielles Agricoles (SP-CPSA), en
collaboration avec dâautres programmes et centres de
recherche du CGIAR, une analyse du Programme
National du Secteur Rural (PNSR) fondée sur les
scénarios socio-économiques et climatiques du CCAFS a
pu ĂȘtre menĂ©e avec la participation effective des parties
prenantes du secteur rural du Burkina Faso. Les 22
recommandations qui en sont issues devraient permettre
une prise en compte effective des facteurs socio-
Ă©conomiques, environnementaux et climatiques
plausibles dans le futur proche et lointain, et ainsi aider Ă
rendre le PNSR II plus robuste face aux incertitudes
futures liées au changement climatique, aux dynamiques
mondiales, aux évolutions socioéconomiques, aux
changements des normes et valeurs, etc. En outre, un
exercice avec lâensemble des acteurs impliquĂ©s a
consisté à traduire lesdites recommandations en actions
et thématiques nouvelles à prendre en compte lors de la
formulation du PNSR II. Les Ă©changes entre acteurs ont
Ă©galement fait ressortir la nĂ©cessitĂ© dâune implication
transversale de la recherche dans la mise en Ćuvre des
activitĂ©s de cet important outil politique quâest le PNSR I
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