Illicit Drug Syndication Threat towards Juvenile in Malaysia

The issue of international drug abuse and illicit drug trafficking is a problem that is often associated with transnational organised crimes. Malaysia is of no exception where the threat from drug syndicates has become more prevalent especially since the existence of the internet facilities all over the world. Thus, this paper examines the reason why the juvenile are exposed to illicit drugs and are vulnerable to become victims to these substances to an extent that they are caught as Juvana offenders. This paper applying neolibralisme theoretical approach, as a guiding and analyzing the issue of juvenile involvement in illicit drug trafficking in Malaysia. Primary data was collected through document analysis, interviews, and for the case study, an interview was carried out on selected Juvana offenders. The findings of the research have shown the roles of the syndicates, to recruit the juvenile as trafficker as well as to bind them from staying away from the syndicate after they are released from the detention. It is hoped that by creating a more effective and systematic policy, the threat on juvenile from the illicit drug issue can be addressed accordingly and in turn, will enable them to contribute to the development and security of the country in the future

Peranan dan tanggung jawab antarabangsa China sebagai negara berkuasa besar

China adalah sebuah kuasa semakin meningkat yang hubungan nya dengan Malaysia bukan saja harus dilihat dalam konteks hubungan dagang tetapi juga dalam konteks ASEAN dan pertikaian pulau Spratley. Penelitian ini membincangkan peranan dan tanggung jawab antarabangsa yang dipikul China sebagai sebuah negara berkuasa besar dengan menghuraikan tiga persoalan , iaitu bagaimana dunia perlu memahami peranan China sebagai satu kebangkitan kuasa; gambaran sesuai tanggung jawab China terhadap masyarakat antarabangsa; dan sikap yang dipamerkan China sebagai sebuah kuasa yang semakin meningkat. Hasil penelitian mendapati sejak China melaksanakan dasar transformasi danpintu terbuka kepada dunia luar pada penghujung tahun 1970an, China mencapai Keluaran Negara Kasar (KNK) memberangsangkan yang meletakkannya sebagai kuasa ekonomi kedua terbesar dunia di samping menjadi penggerak utama pertumbuhan ekonomi serantau serta global. Pengekalan China di atas landasan kebangkitan ekonomi politik secara aman merupakan langkah transformasi penting dalam mengadaptasi corak ekonomi politik yang sesuai dengan bagi memenuhi kepentingan mereka. China berusaha melakarkan sejarah sebagai sebuah negara berkuasa besar pendukung prinsip mengutamakan keamanan, pembangunan sejagat, bekerjasama dengan negara lain termasuk mementingkan suasana menang-menang . China menggunakan segala ruang dan peluang bagi memastikan kejayaan pertumbuhan yang konsisten dan membenarkan dunia berkongsi faedah dari kejayaan mereka

Parallel block backward differentiation formulas for solving large systems of ordinary differential equations.

In this paper, parallelism in the solution of Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) to increase the computational speed is studied. The focus is the development of parallel algorithm of the two point Block Backward Differentiation Formulas (PBBDF) that can take advantage of the parallel architecture in computer technology. Parallelism is obtained by using Message Passing Interface (MPI).Numerical results are given to validate the efficiency of the PBBDF implementation as compared to the sequential implementation

Componentwise block partitioning: a new strategy to solve stiff ordinary differential equations

Componentwise Block Partitioning is a new strategy to solve stiff ODEs, based on Block Backward Differentiation Formulas (BBDFs), and block of Adam type formulas. In this partitioning technique, the ODEs system is initially solved by Adam formulas until the equation that cause instability and stiffness is identified. Then, the equations that caused instability are placed into stiff subsystem and solved using BBDF. Numerical comparisons with code in the literature such as ode15s show the efficiency of the proposed partitioning technique

Migrasi dan Keselamatan Insan: Kajian Kes Pemerdagangan Kanak-Kanak di Thailand

: Non-military threats appear to have dominated the world\u27s political agenda, mainly consisting of human trafficking, drug trafficking, foreign migrants smuggling and others. Today, the human trafficking issue has turned into the exploitative form such as commercial sex, especially with regards to victimizing children. This phenomenon has extended to almost every corner in the world. This study is carried out in order to comprehend the development and growth of sex industries exploiting children in Thailand, which pose a threat to Thailand\u27s human security apparatus. Child sex exploitation in Thailand is associated with the presence of organized crime groups, which pose a threat to personal security, community security, and health security within the human security segments, thus threatening human security as a whole. This study has three main objectives, first; to identify the factors that facilitate the sex industry in Thailand, particularly those stemmed within Thailand\u27s communities and the South East Asian region in general. Second, to identify the role of organized crime groups luring children into sex industries which also pose a threat to Thailand\u27s human security. Third, to comprehensively analyse the human security threat in the personal, community and health dimensions, initiated by the booming child sex industries in Thailand. The study employs primary data collection methods such as interviews with Thai people, who once lived in the locations where sexual exploitation of children were held, an interview with the government official who\u27s in charge of the Malaysia-Thailand border surveillance activities, and also the method of observation which is a field work visit to Thailand\u27s sex destination ‘hot spot\u27. Secondary data was collected from a range of selected printed document and research publications such as books, journals and PhD theses. The result shows that organized crime groups are taking advantage of the social and economic pressure among Thai people. As a strategy these groups attract their interest and offer them a benefit, facilitating the growth of the commercial sex industry in Thailand. The phenomenon of Child Sex in Thailand is threatening human security in terms of personal, community and health security. Children are victims of exploitation, sexual violence and infectious diseases such as STI, STD, HIV and AIDS

THE IMPACT OF THE POST ARAB SPRING ON THE HUMAN RIGHTS IN SYRIA

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to give an analysis of the humanitarian situation and the case of human rights in Syria after the events of the Arab spring. Methodology: This is analytical-descriptive research that has been done through literature review, content analysis, and documentary and case study research. Result: our results suggest that the Syrian government made false concessions designed to end the revolts. The occurrence led to the formation of a rebel group, the Free Syrian Army whose main objective was to oust the authoritarian regime and stop the killing of civilians. This marked the beginning of the blatant violation of human rights as well as the civil war in Syria. The government not only ignited but also took the war to its own people killing, injuring and imprisoning thousands of people. Worse still, thousands of women and young girls still suffer sexual violence during the nightly raids conducted frequently on either opposing camps. Following the massive violations of human rights, almost all economic sectors of Syria have met rock-bottom. Applications: This research can be used for policymakers and the international community to take a further step to aid the Syrian civilians. Novelty/Originality: In our research, we try to target a very much debated topic in the Middle East. Although several articles written about the humanitarian and human rights situation in Syria studies on human rights after the Arab spring is still lacking

Kuasa maritim China di rantau Asia: satu analisis

Kebangkitan tentera laut China seringkali dipamerkan sebagai satu kuasa yang ingin menakluk wilayah maritim lain. Lebih daripada itu pemodenan aset yang telah dilakukan oleh negara tersebut juga seringkali dirujuk sebagai kebangkitan yang bersifat ingin mendominasi dan menjadi kuasa unipolar di Asia. Namun sejauh manakah kebangkitan dan permodenan ketenteraan China itu memberikan kesan negatif kepada negara lain? Dengan menggunakan data primer dan sekunder tahun 2001-2014, kajian ini meneliti sebab China memodenkan aset ketenteraannya dan tentera lautnya di sekitar rantau Asia. Data primer dikumpulkan melalui temu bual berstruktur dengan informan yang mempunyai pengkhususan dalam bidang hubungan antarabangsa. Data sekunder pula dikumpul daripada kajian perpustakaan berdasarkan bahan ilmiah, tesis, artikel jurnal, atau data atas talian . Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahawa kebangkitan dan pemodenan aset ketenteraan laut China adalah untuk menjaga kepentingan nasionalnya. China juga tidak mempunyai cita-cita untuk menjadi kuasa unipolar di Asia apatah lagi di dunia

Assessment of genetic diversity and hybrid identification in stevia using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers

Identification of intra-specific diversity is an essential condition for the analysis of genetic diversity. Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni belonging to the family Compositae, has a long and successful history of use as a commercial sweetening agent. Stevia is a self-incompatible plant. Originated from a temperate country Paraguay, stevia is considered as an introduced species thus the number of stevia accessions available in Malaysia is still small and limited. Hybridization through Trigona-assisted pollination has successfully produced seven putative stevia F1 hybrids. In this study, 17 stevia accessions and introductions, mostly from Paraguay and different parts of Malaysia including seven putative stevia hybrids were assayed by inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers to differentiate and explore their genetic relationships. A total of 332 clear bands were generated, out of which 275 (82.8 %) were polymorphic. The total number of markers varied from 6 to 18 with a mean of 10 markers per primer. The number of polymorphic markers for each primer varied from 3 (IS34/2) to 17 (IS55) with a mean of 8 polymorphic markers per primer. The amplified product size ranged from 50125 to 5000 bp. The PIC values ranged from 0.16 (IS34/2) to 0.5 (IS19, IS55, IS50, IS70 and IS78), with a mean PIC value of 0.43. The Jaccard‘s similarity coefficient values ranged from 0.375 to 812 with an average of 0.54. A dendrogram constructed based on the UPGMA clustering method, revealed two major Groups (A and B). Group-A showed segregated Bertam while Group B was further segregated into seven subgroups consisted of the remaining accessions studied. The present findings unarguably suggest extending the scope of detecting and quantifying the prevalent genetic diversity existing at the molecular level in the stevia accessions and the putative hybrids. To our knowledge this is the first report on the characterization stevia accessions and developed putative stevia hybrids in Malaysia based on thirty two primers. ISSRs have the potential to distinguish closely related accessions based on the patterns of their amplicons. High polymorphism obtained indicates ISSR is an efficient technique or evaluating genetic diversity in stevia. The present study also elucidates the utility of ISSR markers as an efficient tool to screen putative hybrids obtained from Trigona- assisted pollination

Assessing the Evolution of Maritime Strategy in the Asia Pacific

The end of the Cold War has provided an opportunity for scholars to do an in-depth study on the concept of maritime security, especially in the Asia Pacific region. One of the most important but often neglected concepts is maritime strategy which has been developing for centuries. Maritime strategy is designed for states’ survival and to protect their national interests. Nevertheless there is no ‘one size fits all’ concept. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to analyse the similarities and differences between continental states such as the United States, and India, and maritime states such as Indonesia, Japan, Australia, and Singapore in implementing their maritime strategy. In an attempt to present the results, we have reviewed secondary data mainly from the literature written by scholars in the field. Preliminary findings suggests that countries, either continental or maritime states, designed their maritime strategy for national security reasons. States aim to survive in the unknown international political arena. However, domestic and socioeconomic factors such as economic growth, geostrategic interest as well as nature of threats, may have shaped differences among states’ maritime strategy. The emerging non-traditional threats such narcotic trafficking, terrorism and human smuggling, have contributed to the threats for many states, this further justifies the importance of maritime strategy