Calculation of Electron Swarm Parameters in Tetrafluoromethane

The electron swarm parameters and electron energy distribution function (EEDF) are necessary, especially onunderstanding quantitatively plasma phenomena and ionized gases. The EEDF and electron swarm parameters including the reduce effective ionization coefficient (α-η)/N (α and η are the ionization and attachment coefficient, respectively), electron drift velocity, electron mean energy, characteristic energy, density  normalized longitudinal diffusion coefficient, and density normalized electron mobility in tetrafluoromethane (CF4) which was analyzed and calculated using the two-term approximation of the Boltzmann equation method at room temperature, over a range of the reduced electric field strength (E/N) between 0.1 and 1000 Td(1Td=10-17 V.cm2), where E is the electric field and N is the gas density of the gas. The calculations required cross-sections of the electron beam, thus published momentum transfer, vibration, electronic excitation, ionization, and attachment cross-sections for CF4 were used, the results of the Boltzmann equation in a good agreement with experimental and theoretical values over the entire range of E/N. In all cases, negative differential conductivity regions were found. It is found that the calculated EEDF closes to Maxwellian distribution and decreases sharply at low E/N. The low energy part of EEDF flats and the high-energy tail of EEDF increases with increase E/N. The EEDF found to be non-Maxwellian when the E/N> 10Td, havingenergy variations which reflect electron/molecule energy exchange processes. In addition, limiting field strength (E/N)limit has been calculated from the plots of (α-η)/N, for which the ionization exactlybalances the electron attachment, which is valid for the analysis of insulation characteristics and application to power equipment

The Role of Digital Library in Bridging the Language Divide: Comparison Study of Arabic and Other Languages

Developing countries are often said to suffer the disadvantages created by a ‘digital divide’ – the gap between the digitally advantaged and the digitally disadvantaged. Much of the attention given to the digital divide had focussed on the most severely disadvantaged countries (particularly in Africa and parts of Asia). This study was examined the phenomenon in the context of developing Arab countries, with a particular focus on the capacity of digital libraries to bridge the ‘divide’ as it applies to research and scholarly communication. This will entail a case study of University of Jordan.A particular focus of the study will be on assessing the particular challenges and frustrations facing Arabic-speaking researchers in their use of networked information services. That is, while the term digital divide is often used as a means of expressing the technology gap between developed and developing countries, it may well be that a further divide is created because of the domination of the languages and content of the developed world in the networked environment.The research will investigate the potential for digital library services to better serve Arabic-speaking scholars, in particular though the increased access to scholarly publishing in Arabic. It will also explore the policy initiatives and constraints that may impact upon the future development and implementation of digital library services for the benefit of Arabic-speaking scholars. There are no current published studies that deal with the capacity of digital libraries to address the digital divide in the developing Arab World. The findings of this research will provide important recommendations aimed at improving the capacity for digital libraries in Jordan and the wider Arab World to promote Arabic scholarship. Keyword: Digital Libraries, Arab world, Arabic languag

Standard time of import paperwork clearance department for sustainability organization performance in forwarding company

In order to achieve sustainable performance, it was emphasized for an organization for improvement of the standard performance. This paper attempts to propose a benchmark for the standard time to complete daily paperwork received at a forwarding company by using the define-measure-analyse-improve-control (DMAIC) approach. Results showed that the import clearance agent required 3 days or more to clear paperwork for duty or tax confirmation. The impact led to delayed shipment delivery, caused by customer dissatisfaction and company loss of trusts amongst customers. It was also found that that the number of paperwork received daily was 516, distributed among an average of 15 employees, from January to April 2018. Each employee received an average of 34 paperwork daily. The amount of paperwork received by each employee was at alarming level. The time required to complete paperwork for duty/tax confirmation were 3 days or more for most of the employees, which stood at 62%. Therefore, based on the results of the findings, the proposed benchmark of the standard time for paperwork clearance should not be more than 1 day to allow for same day delivery to the customers, as per the commitment promised by the company

Hybrid Signal Processing and Machine Learning Algorithm for Adaptive Fault Classification of Wind Farm Integrated Transmission Line Protection

The technological advancement in integration of Renewable Green Energy Sources (RGES) like Wind Farm Generators (WFG), and Photovoltaic (PV) system into conventional power system as a future solution to meet the increase in global energy demands in order to reduce the cost of power generation, and improve on the climate change impact. This innovation also introduces challenges in the power system protection by it being compromised due to injected fault current infeeds on existing facilities. These infeed lead to the undesired trip of a healthy section of the line, and protection system failure. This paper presents a soft computational approach to adaptive fault classification model on High Voltage Transmission Line (HVTL) with and without RGES-WFG integration topologies, using extracted one-cycle fault signature of voltage and current signals with wavelet statistical approach in Matlab. The results are unique signatures across all fault types and fault distances with distinct entropy energy values on proposed network architecture. The supervised machine learning algorithm from Bayesian network classified 99.15 % faults correctly with the operation time of 0.01 s to produced best-generalized model with an RMS error value of 0.05 for single line-to-ground (SLG) fault identification and classification. Best suitable for adaptive unit protection scheme integration

Histological effect of cola nitida aqueous extract on rat's liver during hepatocarcinogenesis.

Hepatocarcinogenesis can be defined as precancerous lesion which will develop into Hepatocellular Carcinoma. It has been carried out previously that Cola nut (Cola nitida) has beneficial medicinal properties. In this study, we have assumed efforts to ascertain the histological anticancer potency of Cola Nitida aqueous extract on DEN/AAF induced hepatocarcinogenesis rat's liver. The structural components of the liver include plates of liver, called hepatocytes. The normal hepatocytes were well organized and arranged. Cells membranes were markedly clear. The nuclei were round and uniform with little variation in size causing no pleomorphis. Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided to eleven groups. Hepatocarcinogenesis was induced in seven groups of rats by employing two carcinogen systems: an intraperitoneal injection of 200 mg/kg DEN as initiator, followed by 0.02% of AAF in rat chow to promote carcinogenesis. The effect of 1, 2.5 and 5% cola nitida aqueous extract on hepatocarcinogenesis induced male rats and normal ones was investigated. Histological evaluation of rat liver revealed DEN/AAF induced and untreated rats group showed higher inflammation or necrosis, and in general abnormality; compared to all other groups. The results indicate that, Cola nitida might act as an antioxidant agent, which could inhibit or slow down histopathological changes induced by DEN/AAF

Integrated approach as sustainable environment technique for managing construction waste : a review

The construction industry was reported as a major consumer of natural resources worldwide. Almost 60% of the natural resources consumed by this industry have caused a lot of environmental impacts on humans and the environment. Among the impacts were the disruption of human water sources, changes in the biological ecosystem and disruption of the food supply chain among biological factors. Countries around the world have enforced several laws and regulations. Apart from that, waste management technologies were formulated by government agencies and the world’s researchers were among initiatives to minimise the waste generation rate. Several technologies, such as recycling and recovery technologies were highlighted to be very efficient in minimising the waste accumulation rate. This paper discussed an integrated concept for managing construction waste in a sustainable manner. The integrated approach has adopted the reuse method, central sorting facilities, recycling facilities, thermal treatment facilities and disposal facilities. Implementations of these integrated approaches were able to save the world’s raw materials and natural energy sources as well as reducing the impacts of pollution on the environment

Automatic identity recognition systems : a review

Rapidly changed computer technology and fast growth of communication ways, makes everyday work easy and managed. Technology takes place everywhere, in business, education, market, security... etc. However, communication between human and these technologies become the main concern of many research areas, especially for developing automatic identity recognition systems. However, biometric technologies are among the most important technologies used in this area. Biometric technology refers to the automatic identity recognition using physical or behavioral traits associated with him/her. Using biometrics, it is possible to establish physiological-based systems that depend on physiological characteristics such as fingerprint, face recognition, DNA... etc, or behavioral-based systems that depend on behavioral characteristics such as gait, voice ...etc, or even combining both of them in one system. Therefore, biometrics technologies can be excellent candidates for developing intelligent systems such as speaker identification, facial recognition, signature verification...etc. In addition, biometric technologies are flexible enough to be combined with other tools to produce more secure and easier to use verification system

Issues in location-based multicast routing in manets

Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) are an autonomous system of a set of mobile nodes connected by shared wireless links, forming a temporary network without relying on any infrastructure. MANETs characteristics include self-organizing, self-configuring, multihop communication, continuous mobility and strict resource limitation. These characteristics coupled with the characteristics of the wireless communication medium make routing protocols one of the major issues to consider in MANET

Synthesis of 5-heptadecyl- and 5-heptadec-8-enyl substituted 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol and 1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thione from (Z)-octadec-9-enoic acid: preparation of Palladium(II) complexes and evaluation of their antimicrobial activity

Two 4-amino-1,2,4-triazoles and two 1,3,4-oxadiazoles are obtained in a common synthetic route including hydrogenation-hydrazidation of (Z)-methyl octadec-9-enoate to octadecanoic hydrazide under atmospheric air. Preservation of olefinic bond in heptadec-8-enyl group is achieved by carrying out hydrazidation reaction under the presence of an argon atmosphere. The disappearance of the olefinic bond is detected by physical data, IR, 1H, and13C NMR spectroscopy. New palladium complexes derived from 4-amino-5-heptadecyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol and 5-heptadecyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione are obtained and characterized by elemental analysis (solid state), IR, 1H, 13C NMR spectroscopy, XRD, and XPS. These resulting metallic entities are also identified in solution based in mass spectrometry (MS-ESI) experiments. Most compounds and their palladium(II) complexes are tested in vitro against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, and fungi, some of them showed variable activity.Financial support was provided by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN) (projects CTQ2010-20387, and Consolider-Ingenio 2010, CSD2007-00006), the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) (projects CTQ2013-43446-P, and CTQ2014-51912-REDC), FEDER, the Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEO 2009/039 and PROMETEOII/2014/017) and the University of Alicante. One of us (M.C.) thanks USTO-MB for scientific leave

Review of multicast QoS routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks

A Mobile Ad hoc NETwork (MANET) is consisting of a collection of wireless mobile nodes, which form a temporary network without relying on any existing infrastructure or centralized administration. Since the bandwidth of MANETs is limited and shared between the participating nodes in the network, it is important to efficiently utilize the network bandwidth. Multicasting can minimize the link bandwidth consumption and reduce the communication cost by sending the same data to multiple participants. Multicast service is critical for applications that need collaboration of team of users. Multicasting in MANETs becomes a hot research area due to the increasing popularity of group communication applications such as video conferencing and interactive television. Recently, multimedia and group-oriented computing gains more popularity for users of ad hoc networks. So, effective Quality of Service (QoS) multicasting protocol plays significant role in MANETs. In this paper, we are presenting an overview of set of the most recent QoS multicast routing protocols that have been proposed in order to provide the researchers with a clear view of what has been done in this field