Morphological analysis of CDC2 and glycogen synthase kinase 3β phosphorylation as markers of g2 → m transition in glioma.

G2 → M transition is a strategic target for glioma chemotherapy. Key players in G2 → M transition include CDC2 and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), which are highly regulated by posttranslational phosphorylation. This report is a morphological analysis of CDC2 and GSK3β phosphorylation using immunohistochemistry in gliomas with different biological properties. GBM showed a 2.8-fold and 5.6-fold increase in number of cells positive for pThr161CDC2 and a 4.2- and 6.9-fold increase in number of cells positive for pTyr15CDC2 relative to oligodendroglioma and ependymoma, respectively. Elevated labeling for inhibited phospho-CDC2 (pTyr15CDC) correlates with elevated levels of phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β). 71% of the GBM cases showed intermediate to high intensity staining for pSer9SGK3β 53% of oligodendroglioma, and 73% of ependymoma showed low intensity staining. CDC2 gene amplification correlates with increased survival in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and astrocytoma WHO grades II-III, but not in oligodendroglioma WHO grades II-III

Geography of innovative activities in the andalusian aeroespace cluster

Esta investigación tiene por objetivo el análisis de la actividad innovadora en los recintos tecnológicos dedicados a la actividad aeronáutica de Andalucía. Concretamente, se analizan si existen diferencias significativas en términos de innovación entre las firmas localizadas en espacios innovadores y las que no. También, se estudian los elementos de los recintos tecnológicos que pueden constituir un reclamo para las empresas innovadoras y se analizan cuáles de ellos podrían ser más efectivos en la atracción de las empresas.This paper aims at analyzing innovation in corporarions located within the so called innovation areas. Namely it will be studied wether there are significative differences in terms of innovation between firms located inside and outside innovation areas. Furthermore, it have been studied which factors might have the strongest effect on the attraction of innovative firms

Multiscale computational homogenization: review and proposal of a new enhanced-first-order method

This is a copy of the author 's final draft version of an article published in the Archives of computational methods in engineering. The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11831-016-9205-0The continuous increase of computational capacity has encouraged the extensive use of multiscale techniques to simulate the material behaviour on several fields of knowledge. In solid mechanics, the multiscale approaches which consider the macro-scale deformation gradient to obtain the homogenized material behaviour from the micro-scale are called first-order computational homogenization. Following this idea, the second-order FE2 methods incorporate high-order gradients to improve the simulation accuracy. However, to capture the full advantages of these high-order framework the classical boundary value problem (BVP) at the macro-scale must be upgraded to high-order level, which complicates their numerical solution. With the purpose of obtaining the best of both methods i.e. first-order and second-order, in this work an enhanced-first-order computational homogenization is presented. The proposed approach preserves a classical BVP at the macro-scale level but taking into account the high-order gradient of the macro-scale in the micro-scale solution. The developed numerical examples show how the proposed method obtains the expected stress distribution at the micro-scale for states of structural bending loads. Nevertheless, the macro-scale results achieved are the same than the ones obtained with a first-order framework because both approaches share the same macro-scale BVP.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

I+D global en la industria aeroespacial y de defensa. Creación de conocimiento con las empresas locales de los países anfitriones

In this paper we examine the impact of three host country (HC) factors like spillovers from Aerospace R&D, Military R&D and University research on a sample of aerospace firms for knowledge creation and collaboration with local HCs inventors. Data sources include a sample of 874 international plants of aerospace companies, which was split into OEM firms (Original Equipment Manufacturers) and top specialized supplier firms (TIER), and information from the HCs. The results showed the existence of knowledge spillovers from aerospace R&D and research institutions produced in HCs. The OEM group is more efficient than the TIER group in appropriating aerospace R&D. On the contrary, TIER group is more globalized and their knowledge is more based on their own expertise than on in-house R&D. Foreign aerospace firms benefit specially from research institutions’ knowledge spillovers produced in related fields to the aerospace industry.En este artículo se analiza el impacto de tres factores del país anfitrión (HC), como los knowledge spillovers procedentes de la I+D aeroespacial, la I+D militar y la investigación de Universidades en la capacidad de creación y colaboración con inventores del HC de una muestra de empresas aeroespaciales que incluye OEM (fabricantes de equipos originales) y proveedores especializados (TIER). Para ello se emplea una muestra de 874 plantas internacionales de compañías aeroespaciales con información sobre los respectivos HC. Los resultados evidenciaron la existencia de spillovers de conocimiento producidos en los HC con origen en la I+D aeroespacial y las instituciones de investigación. El grupo OEM es más eficiente que TIER en la apropiación de I+D aeroespacial. El grupo TIER está más globalizado y su conocimiento se basa más en su propia experiencia que en la I+D interna. Las empresas aeroespaciales extranjeras se benefician especialmente de los spillovers de conocimiento de las instituciones de investigación producidos en campos relacionados con la industria aeroespacial

Optimal Fair Scheduling in S-TDMA Sensor Networks for Monitoring River Plumes

Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) are a promising technology to provide oceanographers with environmental data in real time. Suitable network topologies to monitor estuaries are formed by strings coming together to a sink node.This network may be understood as an oriented graph. A number of MAC techniques can be used in UWSNs, but Spatial-TDMA is preferred for fixed networks. In this paper, a scheduling procedure to obtain the optimal fair frame is presented, under ideal conditions of synchronization and transmission errors. The main objective is to find the theoretical maximum throughput by overlapping the transmissions of the nodes while keeping a balanced received data rate from each sensor, regardless of its location in the network. The procedure searches for all cliques of the compatibility matrix of the network graph and solves a Multiple-Vector Bin Packing (MVBP) problem. This work addresses the optimization problem and provides analytical and numerical results for both the minimum frame length and the maximum achievable throughput

Sensitivity of a distributed temperature-radiation index melt model based on AWS observations and surface energy balance fluxes, Hurd Peninsula glaciers, Livingston Island, Antarctica

We use an automatic weather station and surface mass balance dataset spanning four melt seasons collected on Hurd Peninsula Glaciers, South Shetland Islands, to investigate the point surface energy balance, to determine the absolute and relative contribution of the various energy fluxes acting on the glacier surface and to estimate the sensitivity of melt to ambient temperature changes. Long-wave incoming radiation is the main energy source for melt, while short-wave radiation is the most important flux controlling the variation of both seasonal and daily mean surface energy balance. Short-wave and long-wave radiation fluxes do, in general, balance each other, resulting in a high correspondence between daily mean net radiation flux and available melt energy flux. We calibrate a distributed melt model driven by air temperature and an expression for the incoming short-wave radiation. The model is calibrated with the data from one of the melt seasons and validated with the data of the three remaining seasons. The model results deviate at most 140 mm w.e. from the corresponding observations using the glaciological method. The model is very sensitive to changes in ambient temperature: a 0.5 ◦ C increase results in 56 % higher melt rates