Additional information delivery to image content via improved unseen–visible watermarking

In a practical watermark scenario, watermarks are used to provide auxiliary information; in this way, an analogous digital approach called unseen–visible watermark has been introduced to deliver auxiliary information. In this algorithm, the embedding stage takes advantage of the visible and invisible watermarking to embed an owner logotype or barcodes as watermarks; in the exhibition stage, the equipped functions of the display devices are used to reveal the watermark to the naked eyes, eliminating any watermark exhibition algorithm. In this paper, a watermark complement strategy for unseen–visible watermarking is proposed to improve the embedding stage, reducing the histogram distortion and the visual degradation of the watermarked image. The presented algorithm exhibits the following contributions: first, the algorithm can be applied to any class of images with large smooth regions of low or high intensity; second, a watermark complement strategy is introduced to reduce the visual degradation and histogram distortion of the watermarked image; and third, an embedding error measurement is proposed. Evaluation results show that the proposed strategy has high performance in comparison with other algorithms, providing a high visual quality of the exhibited watermark and preserving its robustness in terms of readability and imperceptibility against geometric and processing attacks

The Bio-Psycho-Social-Cultural Domains And Their Impact On Psychopharmacological Utilization Among Latinxs

The Latinx population has become the largest minority group in the United States (U.S.).1 Compared to non-Hispanic Whites, Latinxs are younger and have less formal education. This community is also confronted with additional stressors (i.e., more likely to have problems of unemployment, poverty, lack of insurance, and language barriers).2 Although Latinxs are just as likely as non-Hispanic Whites to suffer from a mental illness, they are more likely to go untreated.3 Specifically, Latinxs experiences with psychopharmacological treatments is not well understood but can be studied through the multipath model (MPM).4 The MPM offers a way to view the variety and complexity of contributors to mental disorders. The etiology can be understood through four domains: Biological, Psychological, Social, and Sociocultural.4 To date, little attention has been given to specific domains of the MPM that contribute to psychopharmacological utilization among Latinxs. This qualitative study therefore explores the bio-psycho-social-cultural domains and its role on psychopharmacological utilization among 20 Latinx adults (50% Spanish speakers, 80% immigrant). Using thematic analysis, results indicated Latinxs underutilize psychopharmacology within three of the four domains of the MPM. Psychological factors included perceived negative outcomes, such as illness or dependency, and even fear of deportation. The role of family was the strongest social factor for underutilization. Sociocultural factors for underutilization included religion and religious fatalism. Perceived acceptance of receiving mental health treatment in the U.S. as compared to native Latin American countries was a sociocultural factor for utilizing psychopharmacology. Interestingly, participants did not highlight any biological factor as means for psychopharmacological treatments. Overall, providers can benefit from the multipath model (MPM) when working with the Latinx community in order to better understand preconceptions that may impact psychopharmacological utilization. Additional research and practical implications are therefore discussed when working with the Latinx community. References: 1. Garcia, J. A., Sanchez, G. R., Sanchez-Youngman, S., Vargas, E. D., & Ybarra, V. D. (2015). Race as lived experience: The impact of multi-dimensional measures of race/ethnicity on the self-reported health status of Latinos. Du Bois review: Social Science Research on Race, 12(2), 349-373. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742058X15000120 2. McDonald, J. A., & Paulozzi, L. J. (2019). Parsing the paradox: Hispanic mortality in the US by detailed cause of death. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 21(2), 237-245. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-018-0737-2 3. Moreno, O., Ortiz, M., Fuentes, L., Garcia, D., & Leon-Perez, G. (2020). Vaya con Dios: The influence of religious constructs on stressors around the migration process and U.S. lived experiences among Latina/o immigrants. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,17(11), 3961. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113961 4. Neuendorf, K.A. The Content Analysis Guidebook; SAGE Publications: Thousand Oaks, CA, USA, 2017. https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781071802878 5. Rush, S.C. (2014) Transana: Qualitative analysis software for video and audio. Educational Psychology 30, 213–214. 6. Sue, D., Sue, D. W., Sue, S., & Sue, D. M. (2015). Understanding abnormal behavior. Cengage Learning.. doi: 01/01/2016 7. U.S. Census Bureau (2015). Quick facts: United States population estimates. Retrieved from https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/US/PST045218. 8. Moreno, O., Nelson, T. & Cardemil. E. (2017) Religiosity and attitude toward professional mental health services: analysing religious coping as a mediator among Mexican origin Latinas/os in the southwest United States, Journal of Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 20(7), 626-637. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2017.1372735 9. Moreno, O., & Cardemil, E. (2018). Religiosity and well-being among Mexican-born and U.S.-born Mexicans: A qualitative investigation. Journal of Latina/o Psychology, 6(3). 235-247. https://doi.org/10.1037/lat000009

Demographic Factors and Attitudes towards Mental Health Medication Treatments among Latinxs

Attitudes towards mental health medications vary, however negative perceptions are often born of normative cultural values, stigma, and religious fatalism,1-3 as well as overall demographic characteristics such as gender, nativity, and primary language.4,5 Further research suggests many Latinx adults fear negative outcomes from adhering to medication for mental health treatment, such as dependence and side effects and, instead, would prefer psychotherapy over psychopharmacology.1,2 Lastly, a lack of health literacy,6 culturally appropriate treatments and information,7 as well as barriers to care also have shown to impact attitudes towards mental health medication treatments among Latinxs.8 To date, little attention has been given to the attitudes towards mental health treatments that will either facilitate or impede using medication treatments for mental health. This qualitative study therefore explores the demographic factors and attitudes towards mental health medication treatment among 20 adult Latinxs (45% Puerto Rico, 20% El Salvador, 10% Guatemala, 10% Honduras, 15% other). Using thematic analysis, results indicated that Latinxs held positive, negative, and neutral attitudes toward mental health medication treatments. Participants who were neutral tended to be more open to treatment, however, still hesitant, indicating medication treatment as a last resort or would engage in it only if recommended by someone they trust (i.e., medical doctor or religious leader). Positive attitudes towards medication treatment were split between it being easier to take medication than talk to someone about one\u27s problems, or the opposite; it is easier to talk to a stranger (i.e., mental health provider) than to someone who is close and trusted (i.e., religious leader). Positive attitudes were also supported through trust in medical professionals. Negative attitudes towards receiving mental health medication treatment were more cultural such that individuals suffering from mental illness should be strong enough to get through it on their own, or that one should trust in God to heal you. The participants who held negative attitudes reported more mistrust in medical professionals, including mental health providers and psychological treatment methodology. Demographically, there were no clear trends in the data for variables such as gender, age, primary language, or educational attainment. However, there was a pattern of attitudes for those who identified with a religion (n=15). Of those who identified with either Catholicism or Christianity, 60% held negative attitudes. The participants who identified with no religion (n=4) all held positive attitudes towards medication for mental health treatment. Additional research and practical implications are therefore discussed. 1. Ailinger, R. L., Martyn, D., Lasus, H., & Lima Garcia, N. (2010). The effect of a cultural intervention on adherence to latent tuberculosis infection therapy in Latino immigrants. Public Health Nursing, 27(2), 115-120. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1446.2010.00834.x 2. Batalova, J., & Zong, J. (2016). Language diversity and English proficiency in the United States. Migration Information Source. 3. Eisenman, D. P., Meredith, L. S., Rhodes, H., Green, B. L., Kaltman, S., Cassells, A., & Tobin, J. N. (2008). PTSD in Latino patients: illness beliefs, treatment preferences, and implications for care. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 23(9), 1386–1392. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-008-0677-y 4. Green, B. L., Watson, M. R., Kaltman, S. I., Serrano, A., Talisman, N., Kirkpatrick, L., & Campoli, M. (2017). Knowledge and preferences regarding antidepressant medication among depressed Latino patients in primary care. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 205(12), 952–959. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0000000000000754 5. Interian, A., Martinez, I. E., Guarnaccia, P. J., Vega, W. A., & Escobar, J. I. (2007). A qualitative analysis of the perception of stigma among Latinos receiving antidepressants. Psychiatric services, 58(12), 1591–1594. doi:10.1176/ps.2007.58.12.1591 6. Moreno, O., & Cardemil, E. (2018). Religiosity and well-being among Mexican-born and U.S.-born Mexicans: A qualitative investigation. Journal of Latina/o Psychology, 6(3), 235–247, https://doi.org/10.1037/lat0000099 7. Moreno, O., Nelson, T., & Cardemil, E. (2017) Religiosity and attitudes towards professional mental health services: analysing religious coping as a mediator among Mexican origin Latinas/os in the southwest United States, Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 20:7, 626-637, doi:10.1080/13674676.2017.1372735 8. Peeters, B., Van Tongelen, I., Boussery, K., Mehuys, E., Remon, J. P., & Willems, S. (2011). Factors associated with medication adherence to oral hypoglycaemic agents in different ethnic groups suffering from type 2 diabetes: a systematic literature review and suggestions for further research. Diabetic medicine: A journal of the British Diabetic Association, 28(3), 262–275. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.03133.x 9. Shattell, M. M., Hamilton, D., Starr, S. S., Jenkins, C. J., & Hinderliter, N. A. (2008). Mental health service needs of a Latino population: A community-based participatory research project. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 29(4), 351–370. https://doi.org/10.1080/01612840801904316 10. Zuniga J. A. (2012). Medication adherence in Hispanics to latent tuberculosis treatment: a literature review. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 14(1), 23–29, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-010-9393-

Importancia de Construir una Cultura Hacia la RSE en los Ambientes Organizacionales

Anexo A. E Book de Ética para la Empresa Productos Alimenticios Alpina S.A.; Anexo B. Formato de Diagnostico empresa 1La dinámica empresarial a lo largo de la historia de la humanidad ha asumido un rol de gran relevancia particularmente si se aborda desde un ámbito de desarrollo, son precisamente este tipo de consideraciones las que exigen que cada vez se armonice el desarrollo de actividades e iniciativas tendientes a preservar la integridad de quienes en dicha dinámica intervienen. En este sentido, surge una necesidad natural por identificar y paralelamente comprender la importancia de todos aquellos requerimientos de carácter normativo que tienen como objetivo primordial garantizar el desarrollo del progreso fundamentado en los procesos necesarios de las organizaciones, pero, en armonía con las tres dimensiones que involucran la dinámica en términos generales. Este trabajo tiene como propósito principal comprender la importancia de aquello que se propone en las diferentes directrices normativas en función del cumplimiento del objetivo central que involucra las tres dimensiones de la dinámica socioeconómica y particularmente en la empresa (Alpina) en este sentido, es de suma importancia destacar las diversas propuestas que se evidencian en aquello que se ha considerado relevante en el establecimiento de normas estructuradas bajo la bandera de una cultura responsable con lo cual se propone una manera eficaz de afrontar las problemáticas identificadas en las fases de; diagnóstico y análisis, como etapas facilitadoras en los procesos de construcción de estrategias en respuesta a dichas situaciones asociadas a la dinámica socioeconómica y que inciden en el desarrollo organizacional. Con base en lo anterior, resulta de gran importancia para las organizaciones disponer de recursos tan valiosos que facilitan una manera responsable de desarrollarse y contribuir de forma dinámica con los diferentes actores que intervienen en ella y que naturalmente forman parte de las tres dimensiones bajo la premisa de una sostenibilidad.Business dynamics throughout the history of humanity have assumed a role of great relevance, particularly if it is approached from a development field, it is precisely these types of considerations that require that the development of activities and initiatives tending to be harmonized every time. to preserve the integrity of those who intervene in this dynamic. In this sense, a natural need arises to identify and at the same time understand the importance of all those requirements of a normative nature whose primary objective is to guarantee the development of progress based on the necessary processes of organizations, but, in harmony with the three dimensions that involve dynamics in general terms, this work's main purpose is to understand the importance of what is proposed in the different normative guidelines based on the fulfillment of the central objective that involves the three dimensions of socioeconomic dynamics and particularly in the company (Alpina) In this sense, it is extremely important to highlight the various proposals that are evidenced in what has been considered relevant in the establishment of structured standards under the banner of a responsible culture, thereby proposing an effective way to address the problems identified in the phases from; diagnosis and analysis, as facilitating stages in the processes of strategy construction in response to these situations associated with socioeconomic dynamics and that affect organizational development

Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn) propagation. New Technologies and innovations

The different propagation systems for litchis are reviewed. After examining the main morphological and developmental characteristics of the plant and the description of the structures and materials, including types of substrate required for the propagation of this species, the different methods for its propagation are discussed. Propagation by seeds is only used for breeding or research purposes or for raising rootstock for grafting. Although propagation by cuttings is done in many countries and stooling has been reported as highly successful in India, air layering is the most common commercial way of propagation for this species. Despite that the cambium activity varies from place to place around the stem with only 30% of the cambium being active at any one time grafting is of current use in China

Characterization of thermal and hydric conditions of nesting sites of female Aspidoscelis costatus costatus (Squamata: Teiidae)

Ambiente térmico e hídrico de incubaciónReproductive success in oviparous squamates requires the selection of an appropriate nest site for oviposition. The resulting environmental conditions directly influence different biological traits of offspring. We studied thermal and hydric conditions of nesting sites before, during, and after the egg-laying season of Aspidoscelis costatus costatus (Balsas Basin Whiptail) in central Mexico to assess their respective relationships with the female reproductive cycle. We placed electronic thermometers directly into nests and measured soil humidity using a modification of the McGehee method. We measured and classified 45 nests of this subspecies, all located under volcanic rocks, as either active (i.e., with developing turgid, white-shelled eggs or shell remnants) or inactive (i.e., those from previous reproductive seasons as indicated by brown eggshells). We located active nests between June and September, whereas the inactive nests were found throughout the year. The average temperature and humidity in nests were 24.6° C and 19.5%, respectively, during the nesting season; however, neither temperature or humidity was optimal for clutch development in the months before and after the observed nesting season. Our study suggests that gravid female A. c. costatus respond to environmental seasonal cues for oviposition (obtained from nesting sites) that coincidentally influence completion of embryonic development. This is the first study of nesting sites in Aspidoscelis that could be monitored without destruction of the nest. Knowledge of the location of nesting sites for this species has major implications for its conservation, especially in patches of suitable habitat in a crowded urban landscape.Apoyo del proyecto número 2620/200

Entamoeba histolytica Calreticulin Induces the Expression of Cytokines in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Isolated From Patients With Amebic Liver Abscess

Calreticulin (CRT) is a highly conserved protein in the endoplasmic reticulum that plays important roles in the regulation of key cellular functions. Little is known about the participation of E. histolytica CRT (EhCRT) in the processes of pathogenicity or in the modulation of the host immune response. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of CRT in the proliferation and the cytokine profile in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with amebic liver abscess (ALA) during the acute phase (AP-ALA) of the disease compared to patients during the resolution phase (R-ALA). The PBMCs from each participant were cocultured with EhCRT and tested by the colorimetric method to evaluate their proliferation index (PI). The supernatants were subjected to an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to evaluate the concentration of cytokines. The mean values of all groups were compared using the independent t-test. When the PIs of individuals without diagnosis of liver abscess (NEG) were compared, there were no statistically significant differences in the proliferation of PBMCs between patients with AP-ALA and R-ALA when stimulated with EhCRT or concanavalin A (ConA). However, the levels of interleukins [IL-6, IL-10, granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF), and transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1)] were higher in patients with AP-ALA, whereas in patients with R-ALA, higher levels of interferon gamma (IFNγ) were detected. These results suggest that EhCRT acts as a mitogen very similar to the activity of ConA. In addition, EhCRT is an excellent immunogen for the specific activation of PBMCs, inducing the differential expression of ILs depending on the outcome of disease, determining the type of immune response: a Th2 cytokine profile during the acute phase and a Th1 profile during the resolution phase

Effect of liming and fertilizers on the growth and nutrition of 12-month old Teak (Tectona grandis L.) grown on acidic soil of Peru

Peru has a great potential for forestry plantations, nevertheless, importations of this type of products are getting very expensive. Soils under forest are acidic and infertile to support sustainable economically valuable forest tree species such as teak.  Information is lacking on proper fertility management in forest plantations such as teak. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore the effect of lime, and organic and inorganic fertilizers on the early growth and nutrient composition of 12-month old teak grown on acidic soil of Peru. The soil under field study was acidic with a pH of 4.99, low in fertility. A factorial design of 2x3: Lime (No Lime and Liming) and fertilizer (organic, inorganic and mixture), with 9 repetitions was adopted. Tree biometric parameters (height, diameter, biomass) and N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn foliar concentrations were determined during early the growth of teak. Treatments with addition of dolomite lime favored higher biometric parameters, and use of organic fertilizers promoted more growth than inorganic fertilizers. In the case of nutrients, no major differences were observed between limed and unlimed treatments while organic fertilizer promoted Ca, K and S nutrition. The results show that the application of lime and organic fertilizers is essential for the successful management and establishment of teak plants in acidic soils of Peru

A systemic model of analysis of organizational culture in health care services

Introduction: The aim of this paper is to present the results of a case study carried out in the state of Hidalgo under a systemic model of analysis. This focused the organizational culture of health care services with the main purpose of studying these organizations and to understand their inner and outer dynamics. Method: A case study carried out under qualitative approach with the application of focus groups and interviews in communitarian health centers, physicians offices, sanatoriums and hospitals of the state of Hidalgo, Mexico. Results: The organizational culture in health care services was classified into 4 subsystems: human, technical-technological, functionalstructural and environmental macrosystem. Conclusion: An interrelation among the four subsystems was identified defining the dynamics of organizational culture of health care services in three transactions: interdynamics, intradynamics and outerdynamics

PLANEACIÓN DIDÁCTICA GENERAL DE LA ASIGNATURA: FILOSOFÍA

GUÍA DIDÁCTICA / PLANEACIÓN DIDÁCTICA (NMS