Probleme der Isolierung und Anreicherung organischer Substanz aus dem Meerwasser

Im Zeitraum eines Jahres wurde Meerwasser in der Kieler Außenförde gesammelt und die darin enthaltene organische Substanz zu ca. 20% an Amberlite XAD-2 adsorbiert. Die vom Absorbtionsmaterial mit organischen Lösungsmitteln eluierten Substanzen wurden gewichtsmäßig auf jahreszeitliche Schwankung untersucht und mit chromatographischen und anderen Methoden aufgetrennt. Die hauptsächlich vorhandenen Substanzen wurden mit Hilfe spektroskopischer und anderer Methoden identifiziert. Es wurden Kohlenwasserstoffe mit 12 C-Atomen und mehr sowie Phthalsäureester bestimmt. Die Brauchbarkeit der Methode und die Beständigkeit herkömmlicher Plastikmaterialien (PVC, Silikon) gegen Seewasser im Hinblick auf Verunreinigung mit organischen Substanzen wird diskutiert. Over a period of one year sea-water was co11ected from the outer regions of the Kiel Fjord. The amount of organic material that was adsorbed on Amberlite XAD-2 was about 20% of the total amount of organic material in the water. This material was eluated with organic solvents and separated by chromatography. The main components were identified with support of spectroscopy and other methods. Hydrocarbons with more than 12 C-atoms and esters of phthalic acid were determined. The usefulness of this method and the amount of contamination resulting in the study of organic materials in sea-water, when the most common p1atic materials (PVC, silicon) are used, is discussed

Versuche zum Nachweis von Phosphiniden (R- P)

Schmidt U, Boie I, Osterroht C, Schröer R, Grützmacher H-F. Versuche zum Nachweis von Phosphiniden (R- P). Chemische Berichte. 1968;101(4):1381-1397

Extraction of dissolved fatty acids from sea water

During a cruise in the Baltic Sea in March/April 1991, dissolved lipids were concentrated from acidified sea water by adsorption on reversed phase material; the free fatty acids in the lipids were isolated. Titration of the acids with 0.01 mol/l methanolic KOH resulted in a very poor titration curve; assessing total concentration of organic acids in sea water by base titration appears to be impractical. After derivatization with p-phenylphenacyl bromide under crown ether catalysis the fatty acids were analyzed by micro-bore HPLC with UV-detection and comparison with standard reference substances. Some unknown fatty acids were characterized by GC/MS. Total concentrations were in the range from 1 to 4.5 nmol/l. They were the same in parallel samples liquid/liquid extracted with dichloromethane. The HPLC spectra of the fatty acids in both kinds of samples were also quite similar. This confirms earlier observations that adsorptive concentration of dissolved fatty acids and non-polar lipids from sea water is as effective as liquid/liquid extraction. Higher amounts of fatty acids can be concentrated by adsorption from large water volumes, thus lowering detection limits. Palmitic acid had by far the highest concentration in every sample followed by myristic acid, lauric acid, and stearic acid. Palmitoleic acid and oleic acid were the most abundant unsaturated acids. The other saturated and unsaturated acids had medium to low concentrations

Continuous measurements of hydrographic and hydrochemical parameters in surface waters of the Baltic Sea and the North Sea in march and april 1991

In March/April 1991 hydrographic parameters (salinity, temperature) and hydrochemical parameters (concentrations of phosphate, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, silicate and pH) were measured continuously in the surface water of the Baltic Sea and the North Sea. The hydrographic parameters were determined by means of a TS,pH probe and the chemical parameters were determined by means of an Auto Analyser. The cruise track through the Baltic Proper, the western Baltic Sea, the transition area to the North Sea and the North Sea with the mouth of the river Elbe was around 2050 nautical miles long and included some 2100 data-points. The different phases of the Baltic Sea's spring diatom bloom were inferred from the different nutrient concentrations measured; a comparison with the hydrographic data revealed that the bloom was largely unconnected to the hydrography. The same situation was encountered in the North Sea except that the spring bloom there had already reached a later phase. In those regions of the Baltic Sea where a plankton bloom had already occurred or was still under way, strong patchiness of the hydrochemical parameters was also observed; it was sometimes possible to relate it to the topography. This patchiness was far less pronounced in the North Sea and in regions of the Baltic Sea where conditions were still wintry. This paper discusses the advantages and possible applications of the method of continuous measurement of hydrochemical parameters across large areas with high temporal and spatial resolution