Akım ölçümü yapılmayan derelerde debi süreklilik çizgisinin belirlenmesi

06.03.2018 tarihli ve 30352 sayılı Resmi Gazetede yayımlanan “Yükseköğretim Kanunu İle Bazı Kanun Ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun” ile 18.06.2018 tarihli “Lisansüstü Tezlerin Elektronik Ortamda Toplanması, Düzenlenmesi ve Erişime Açılmasına İlişkin Yönerge” gereğince tam metin erişime açılmıştır.Doğal akışlı hidroelektrik santrallerde (HES) akarsuda depolama, dolayısıyla düzenleme olmadığı için var olan akım değerlerinde rastgelelik mevcuttur. Bu durumda proje debisinin belirlenmesi önem kazanmaktadır. Doğal akışlı hidroelektrik santralin tesis edileceği yerde düşü topografyaya bağlı olup, kolaylıkla belirlenebilirken, akım ölçüm değerleri olmayan veya eksik/yetersiz olan yerlerdeki doğal akışlı hidroelektrik santrallerin kurulu gücünün belirlenmesinde kullanılacak olan debinin seçimi ve tespitin de güçlüklerle karşılaşılmaktadır. Bunun belirlenebilmesi için aynı havza içerisindeki komşu dereden yararlanılabilmektedir. Bu amaçla komşu dereye ait debi süreklilik çizgisi çizilerek analiz edilmelidir. Dolayısıyla bu yaklaşım içinde hazırlanacak debi süreklilik çizgileri çok daha büyük önem kazanmaktadır.Bu çalışmada akım ölçümü yapılmayan derelerde debi süreklilik çizgisinin elde edilebilmesi için gerekli olan debilerin tahmini yapılmıştır. Tahmin modeli için, çalışma sahası olarak seçilen Turnagöl Deresine yakın mesafelerdeki yağış gözlem istasyonlarından alınan yağış verileri ile aynı havza içerisindeki komşu dere olan Değirmendere'ye ait akım verileri temin edilmiştir. Bu veriler çeşitli senaryolar altında yapay sinir ağları (YSA) ve çoklu regresyon analizi (ÇRA)'ne tabi tutularak elde edilen sonuçlar kıyaslanmış ve en iyi sonucu veren model belirlenmiştir. Tez süresince Turnagöl Deresinde yapılmış olan ölçümler neticesinde elde edilen bir su yılına ait akım verileri ile Değirmendere'ye ait akım verileri modele dahil edilmiştir. Bulunan 0,9718 mertebesindeki determinasyon katsayısı (R2) 1'e yakınsadığından en iyi model olarak seçilmiştir. Ortaya konulan bu sonuç ışığında YSA'nın ÇRA'ne göre daha iyi sonuçlar verdiği ve debi tahmin modeli olarak YSA'larının kullanılabileceği düşünülmektedir.Bu model sayesinde, 2 gün öncesinden debi tayini yapılarak HES' in optimum çalışmasına ve daha verimli bir enerji üretim planı yapılmasına fayda sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Debi, Hidroelektrik Santral, Yapay Sinir Ağları, Çoklu Regresyon Analizi, Turnagöl DeresiHydroelectric power stations (HPS) have a randomly flow discharges. Therefore it is not possible to storage and arrangement to flow in HPS. Under such circumstance, determining the project discharge will become more of an issue. Despite the head which depend on topography, can be determined more easy than, the flows which are used for determining the power of HPS. To determine discharge for locations with non-existing or incomplete/inadequate measured flow data, this flow can be analyzed using neighbor creek in same basin. For that reason, flow duration curve of the neighbor creek should be drawn and analyzed. In consequence flow duration curves which will be prepared in this approach, will become more of an issue.In this study, flows which are essential for determining the flow duration curves were estimated. For this estimation model, the rainfall data sets are obtained from rainfall observation station which is nearby Turnagöl Creek which is study area. Flow data are obtained from Değirmendere Creek which is close to study are in same basin. This data sets are used in artificial neural (ANN) and multiple linear regression analysis (MLR), so that the estimated data are compared to each other for determining the model which has the best result. During the study, flow data which are measured for a one year in Turnagöl Creek. This data set is also added to Değirmendere flow data set. The best result of the model is evaluated using determination coefficient (R2) which is 0,9718 , converge to 1. For this consequence, ANN model outputs are better than MLR and ANN can be used for flow estimation.By means of this model, it is thought that, HPS can be operated optimum and taking advantage to make more effective power generated plans with forecasting of flows before two days.Key Words: Flow Discharge, Hydroelectric Power Station, Artificial Neural Network, Multiply Linear Regression Analysis, Turnagöl Cree

Experimental intervertebral disc degeneration models

Intervertebral disc degeneration is a major health problem of close concern to both young and old. The problem is also growing as the global population ages. Intervertebral disc degeneration is defined as progressive changes affecting the spine as a component of natural aging under the effect of multiple factors (such as smoking, obesity, and incorrect exercise). For a solution to be found, experimental disc degeneration must first be induced, the causes of the disease must be identified, and early diagnostic and therapeutic methods must then be developed. Methods of inducing intervertebral disc degeneration with high applicability in rats were identified from the previous literature. This review discusses four methods of disc degeneration induction. It also discusses how to detect degeneration formation and development times. As a result of the literature review, information about four different and reliable intervertebral disc degeneration methods is presented

Introducing a new risk factor for Lumbar Disc Herniation in females : vertical angle of the sacral curvature

Kanat, Ayhan/0000-0002-8189-2877WOS: 000313134700003PubMed: 23323164Objective : To characterize the importance of the vertical angle of the sacral curvature (VASC) in lumbar disc herniations. Methods : Morphological data derived from lumbar sagittal MRI imaging. the statistical significance of the findings are discussed. the angles of 60 female patients with lumbar disc herniations (LDH) were compared with the 34 female patients without LDH. Results : 128 of the 185 patients met our inclusion criteria. the vertical angle of sacral curvature is statistically significantly bigger in females with lumbar disc herniations when compared to subjects in control group, 28.32 and 25.4, respectively. (p=0.034<0.05). Same difference was not seen in males. Conclusion : the vertical angle of sagittal sacral curvature may be another risk factor in females with lumbar disc herniations

Arthroscopic-Assisted Repair in Full-Thickness Rotator Cuff Ruptures: Functional and Radiologic Results of Five-Year Follow-Up

Objective: In our study, we evaluated the post-operative 5-year clinical and radiological results and the ratio of re­current ruptures under magnetic resonance imaging of the patients diagnosed as wide and massive, full-thick­ness rotator cuff rupture and arthroscopic-assisted mini-open rotator cuff repair is applied. Methods: We evaluated the pre-operative and post-op­erative clinical and radiological results of 38 patients with wide and massive, full-thickness rotator cuff rupture and arthroscopic-assisted rotator cuff repair is applied after failure of conservative treatment. Results: Mean post-operative follow-up period was 60.4 months. According to UCLA scoring there were excellent results in 26 patients, good results in 10, and moderate results in 2 patients. According to Constant scoring there were excellent results in 24 patients, good results in 12, and moderate results in 2 patients. 34 of the 38 patients indicated that they were satisfied with the results. The continuity of the rotator cuffs are evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging at the last visits of the patients and there was recurrent ruptures at the 8 patients. Conclusion: Although recurrent rotator cuff rupture rates varies depending on the age of the patients, moderate clinical results are obtained in elder patients. Neverthe­less, despite the rupture rates in the treatment of wide and massive, full-thickness ruptures, satisfactory clinical results can be obtained with arthroscopic-assisted mini-open rotator cuff repair

QUADRICEPS FEMORIS ANGLE OF ELITE AND NON-ELITE ATHLETES IN OLYMPIC STYLE WEIGHTLIFTING

OBJECTIVE: To find out the quadriceps femoris angle (Q-angle) values of elite and non-elite athletes in Olympic style weightlifting. METHODS: This study included 22 male elite athletes that won medals in international Olympic style weightlifting championships and 22 male non-elite athletes who won medals in national Olympic style weightlifting championships. A goniometer was used to determine the angle of the quadriceps femoris muscle while the athletes were in supine position and the muscle was inactivated.  Anthropometric measurements of right-left thigh and lower leg length, right-left thigh and calf girth, and pelvic width of athletes were obtained. One repetition maximum of snatch, clean and jerk and leg strength of the athletes was recorded. To study demographic characteristics and some anthropometric values of lower extremity of the athletes, t-Test was conducted for independent groups. To compare anthropometric measurements of right-left lower extremity and right-left Q-angle values, paired sample t-Test was used. Right-left Q-angle values and relations among other variables were studied by Pearson correlation analysis. SPSS was used for all analyses. RESULTS: Mean age was 19.73±2.97 years and 18.73±1.55 years for of elite and non-elite athletes respectively. No significant difference was observed in demographic characteristics and in some anthropometric values of lower extremity of elite and non-elite athletes (p>0.05). However, right-left Q-angle values of non-elite athletes (10.14±1.55o and 10.14±1.52o, respectively) were higher than the right-left Q-angle values of elite athletes (8.32±1.39o and 8.32±1.32o, respectively) [p<0.003]. CONCLUSIONS: Olympic style weightlifting, which is maintained in elite level, affects the quadriceps femoris angle

The evaluation of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity: Comparison of Doppler and tissue Doppler-derived myocardial performance index

Background: Doxorubicin is a chemotherapeutic agent used in a wide spectrum of cancers. However, cardiotoxic effects have limited its clinical use. The early detection of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity is crucial. The purpose of our study was to assess values of Doppler and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI)-derived myocardial performance index (MPI) in adult cancer patients receiving doxorubicin treatment. Methods: A total of 45 patients underwent echocardiographic examinations before any doxorubicin had been administered and then after doxorubicin. Doppler and TDI-derived MPI of left ventricular (LV) were determined in the evaluation of cardiotoxicity. Additionally, TDI-derived MPI of right ventricular (RV) was determined. Results: All patients underwent control echocardiographic examination after mean 5 &#177; 1.7 months. The LV MPI obtained by both Doppler and TDI were increased after doxorubicin treatment (0.56 &#177; 0.11, 0.61 &#177; 0.10, p = 0,005 vs 0.51 &#177; 0.09, 0.59 &#177; 0.09, p = 0.001, respectively). There was no correlation between Doppler-derived MPI and cumulative doxorubicin dose (coefficient of correlation 0.11, p = 0.6). TDI-derived MPI was correlated with cumulative doxorubicin dose (coefficient of correlation 0.35, p = 0.015), but this correlation is weak (r = 0.38). The study population was divided into two groups according to doxorubicin dose (below and above 300 mg level). There was a moderate correlation between TDI-derived MPI and less than 300 mg of doxorubicin dose (coefficient of correlation 0.51, p = 0.028). However, Doppler-derived MPI was not correlated with less than 300 mg of doxorubicin dose (coefficient of correlation 0.38, p = 0.123). Also, there was no significant change in the TDI-derived RV-MPI (0.49 &#177; 0.14, 0.50 &#177; 0.12, p = 0.56). Conclusions: TDI-derived MPI is a useful parameter and an early indicator compared with Doppler-derived MPI in the detection of cardiotoxicity during the early stages. Also, doxorubicin administration does not affect RV function

Assessment of rainfall and climate change patterns via machine learning tools and impact on forecasting in the City of Kigali

Rainfall is changing in intensity and abundance for much of the world as a result of global climate change. Rwanda has been negatively affected by a changing climate, exacerbated by human impact on land and water resources. In most parts of the country, the rainfall pattern has changed over the last decades resulting in both enhanced flooding and water shortage/scarcity in much of the country, especially in the Capital City of Kigali and peripheries which is the main economic hub of the country with strong links to the East African region. Changes in precipitation have affected agricultural production, hydropower production, and water supplies, and has been a result of increased flash floods in the city. This study developed a new predictive model of rainfall patterns in the City of Kigali (CoK) in the Republic of Rwanda using evolutionary methodologies that apply machine learning techniques of Fuzzy Inference Systems (FIS) trained via Genetic Algorithms, Neuro Network Systems and a comparative Support Vector Machine tool, and assessment downscaled climate change combinations with predicted rainfall patterns. The models were calibrated and validated using measured rainfall data in the City of Kigali from 1991 through 2023. The model results show the developed Geno Fuzzy Inference System (GENOFIS) model performed better than the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) models. The Coefficient of Efficiency (CE), and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) were used as diagnostic measures for model performance evaluation. Models generated with GENOFIS are therefore recommended for rainfall and related prediction patterns in the City of Kigali for climate change adaptation and resilience policy and planning

Unexpected Complication of Blunt Trauma: Evisceration

Traumatic abdominal wall hernia with evisceration is an uncommon injury secondary to blunt abdominal trauma in all age groups. Bicycle handlebar injuries among children are significant causes of blunt abdominal trauma such as penetrating trauma. We present a case of evisceration in a 14-year-old child after blunt injury with handle bar. We assume that early management and prompt abdominal exploration and surgical repair provide good clinical outcome without complication

COVID-19 in pediatric nephrology centers in Turkey

Background/aim: There is limited data on COVID-19 disease in children with kidney disease. We aimed to investigate the characteristics and prognosis of COVID-19 in pediatric nephrology patients in Turkey. Materials and methods: This was a national, multicenter, retrospective cohort study based on an online survey evaluating the data between 11th March 2020 and 11th March 2021 as an initial step of a detailed pediatric nephrology COVID-19 registry. Results: Two hundred and three patients (89 girls and 114 boys) were diagnosed with COVID-19. One-third of these patients (36.9%) were between 10–15 years old. Half of the patients were on kidney replacement therapy: kidney transplant (KTx) recipients (n = 56, 27.5%), patients receiving chronic hemodialysis (n = 33, 16.3%) and those on peritoneal dialysis (PD) (n = 18, 8.9%). Fifty-four (26.6%) children were asymptomatic. Eighty-two (40.3%) patients were hospitalized and 23 (28%) needed intensive care unit admission. Fifty-five percent of the patients were not treated, while the remaining was given favipiravir (20.7%), steroid (16.3%), and hydroxychloroquine (11.3%). Acute kidney injury developed in 19.5% of hospitalized patients. Five (2.4%) had MIS-C. Eighty-three percent of the patients were discharged without any apparent sequelae, while 7 (3.4%) died. One hundred and eight health care staff were infected during the study period. Conclusion: COVID-19 was most commonly seen in patients who underwent KTx and received HD. The combined immunosuppressive therapy and frequent exposure to the hospital setting may increase these patients’ susceptibility. Staff infections before vaccination era were alarming, various precautions should be taken for infection control, particularly optimal vaccination coverage