The effect of disjoining pressure on the shape of condensing films in a fin-groove corner

Thin film condensation is commonly present in numerous natural and artificial processes. Phase-change driven passive heat spreaders such as heat pipes, which are widely used in electronics cooling, employ a continuous condensation process at the condenser region. When the wick structure of a heat pipe is composed of grooves, the top surfaces of the walls (fins) located between consecutive grooves function as the major source of condensation and the condensate flows along the fin top into the grooves. Modeling of this condensation problem is vital for the proper estimation of condensation heat transfer, which constitutes the basis for the overall performance of an heat pipe together with the evaporation process. In the current study, a solution methodology is developed to model the condensation and associated liquid flow in a fin-groove system. Conservation of mass and momentum equations, augmented Young-Laplace equation and Kucherov-Rikenglaz equation are solved simultaneously to calculate the film thickness profile. The model proposed enables the investigation of the effect of disjoining pressure on the film profile by keeping the fin-groove corner, where the film becomes thinnest, inside the solution domain. The results show that dispersion forces become effective for near isothermal systems with sharp fin-groove corners and the film profile experiences an abrupt change, a slope break, in the close proximity of the corner. The current study is the first computational confirmation of this behavior in the literature

On the effect of structural forces on a condensing film profile near a fin-groove corner

Estimation of condenser performance of two-phase passive heat spreaders with grooved wick structures is crucial in the prediction of the overall performance of the heat spreader. Whilst the evaporation problem in micro-grooves has been widely studied, studies focusing on the condensation on fin-groove systems have been scarce. Condensation on fin-groove systems is actually a multi-scale problem. Thickness of the film near the fin-groove corner can decrease to nanoscale dimensions, which requires the inclusion of nanoscale effects into the modeling. While a few previous studies investigated the effect of dispersion forces, the effect of structural forces has never been considered in the thin film condensation modeling on fin-groove systems. The present study utilizes a disjoining pressure model which considers both dispersion and structural forces. The results reveal that structural forces are able to dominate dispersion forces in certain configurations. Consequently, by intensifying the disjoining pressure, structural forces lead to a sudden change of the film profile (slope break) for subcooling values which are relevant to engineering applications

Morfometric study on Scorzonera L. taxa (Asteraceae) from northeast Anatolia

Phenetic traits of 39 populations belonging to 19 taxa of Scorzonera L. (Asteraceae) from north Anatolia were analyzed with the use of numerical methods. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that pubescence and length of achenes, the shape of outer phyllaries, and average length of flowering capitula, plant pubescence, root shape and state of the plant stem are the best variables to distinguish the examined taxa. In addition, it was also found that binary are more important than quantitative characters in discriminating the examined Scorzonera taxa. Numerical results based on 25 morphological characters were discussed and compared with traditional taxonomic treatments

Interplay of transport mechanisms during the evaporation of a pinned sessile water droplet

Droplet evaporation has been intensively investigated in past decades owing to its emerging applications in diverse fields of science and technology. Yet the role of transport mechanisms has been the subject of a heated debate, especially the presence of Marangoni flow in water droplets. This work aims to draw a clear picture of the switching transport mechanisms inside a drying pinned sessile water droplet in both the presence and absence of thermocapillarity by developing a comprehensive model that accounts for all pertinent physics in both phases as well as interfacial phenomena at the interface. The model reveals a hitherto unexplored mixed radial and buoyant flow by shedding light on the transition from buoyancy induced Rayleigh flow to the radial flow causing the coffee ring effect. Predictions of the model excellently match previous experimental results across varying substrate temperatures only in the absence of Marangoni flow. When thermocapillarity is accounted for, strong surface flows shape the liquid velocity field during most of the droplet lifetime and the model starts to overestimate evaporation rates with increasing substrate temperature

Modeling the Evaporation of Drying Sessile Droplets with Buoyancy Driven Internal Convection

Droplet evaporation is a fundamental phenomenon encountered in diverse applications such as inkjet printing, DNA mapping, film coating, and electronics cooling. Modeling the evaporation process of a sessile droplet is complicated because of the coupling of several physical phenomena occurring in different phases and various magnitudes such as the buoyant convection of the liquid in millimeter size droplets and that of the surrounding air/water vapor mixture, in the order of meters. In this study, the theoretical framework presented previously for the steadily fed droplets [Int J Therm Sci, 158 (2020) 106529] is extended to resolve the evaporation of drying droplets with a pinned contact line. Based on the quasi-steady-state assumption, buoyant convection inside the droplet and diffusive-convective transport of vapor in the gas domain are modeled. As a test case, drying process of a water droplet with a 68° initial contact angle on a heated substrate is simulated and the predictions of the model are interpreted

The Hidden Though Flourishing Justification of Intellectual Property Laws: Distributive Justice, National Versus International Approaches

Bu çalışmada, Gökkuşağı alabalıklarında enfeksiyonoluşturan Ichthyophthirius multifiliis’infarklı bölgelerden izole edilmiş saha suşlarının genotipik yapıları temelindeimmundominant özellik gösteren rekombinant immobilizan antijenlerini(i-antijen) kodlayan genlerin bakteriyel ekspresyon sistemine klonlanarakeksprese ve karakterize edilmeleri, antijenik profillerinin ortaya çıkarılmasıve aşı adayı olabilecek rekombinant antijenlerin elde edilmesi amaçlanmıştır.&nbsp;Çalışmada 2018 ve 2019 yıllarının Temmuz ve Ağustos ayları arasında Gökkuşağıalabalığı yetiştiriciliğinin yoğun yapıldığı Samsun, Rize, Kayseri, Elazığ,Burdur, Antalya ve Muğla illerinde bulunan işletmeler ziyaret edilerek balıkpopülasyonları üzerinde saha araştırmaları yürütülmüş ve I. multifiliis ile enfekte bulunan balıklardan ilgili protokolleregöre izolasyon gerçekleştirilmiştir. Laboratuvara uygun solüsyonlar ve soğukzincir altında intikal ettirilen örneklerden cDNA ve gDNA izolasyonlarıgerçekleştirilmiştir. I. multifiliis i-antijengen lokusunun amplifikasyonu amacıyla optimum primer dizaynı için ön çalışmalaryürütülmüş ve hedef gen bölgeleri uygun amplifikasyon koşullarında PCR’daçoğaltılmıştır. Elde edilen amplikonlar agaroz jel üzerinden saflaştırılmıştır.Multiple gen lokusu sekanslarının belirlenebilmesi amacıyla ilgili pürifiyeamplikonlar pJET 1.2 plazmit vektörüne CloneJET PCR cloning kit (Thermo FisherScientific) kullanılarak klonlanmış ve katı besi yerinde belirlenenkolonilerden rekombinant plazmid DNA izolasyonları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Rekombinantplazmidler spesifik primerlerle çift yönlü olarak sekanslanmış vekromotogramlar De Novo Assemble üzerinden işlenerek hedef insert sekanslarvektör plazmid DNA’sı içerisinden çıkarılmış ve konsensüs sekanslar eldeedilmiştir. İlgili primerlerin i-antijen gen lokusu içerisinde çoğalttığı fragmentlerinbelirlenebilmesi amacıyla PCR ürünleri ayrıca yeni nesil dizileme teknolojisi (NGS)kullanılarak işlenmiş ve elde edilen dizilimlerin gen veri tabanlarındakimevcut tüm i-antijen gen lokusları ile filogenetik ilişkileri araştırılmıştır.Tüm bu araştırmalar sonucu karakterize edilen i-antijen genlerinin ekspreseettiği proteinlerin rekombinant olarak eldesi için çalışmalargerçekleştirilmiştir. Aşı adayı potansiyeli olabilecek bazı lokusların bakteriyelekspresyon sistemine aktarımı için kodon optimizasyonları yapılarak pET-32a(+)ekspresyon plazmid DNA’sına (Novagen) klonlanması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Eldeedilen rekombinant plazmitler E. colikompotent BL21(DE3) hücrelerine transforme edilerek optimum koşullardaekspresyon çalışmaları yürütülmüş ve ekspresyon etkinliği SDS-PAGE ve WesternBlot analizleri ile belirlenmiştir. Eksprese edilen rekombinant i-antijenproteinleri afinite kromotografi kulanılarak saflaştırılmış ve immunreaktiflikleri Western Blot analizleri ile tespit edilmiştir.&nbsp;Çalışmada,Elazığ, Rize ve Muğla illerinde ziyaret edilen işletmelerdeki Gökkuşağıalabalıklarında deri ve solungaçlarından hazırlanan preparatların mikroskobikincelemeleri ile I. multifiliisenfeksiyonunun yaygın olduğu görülmüştür. İlgili bölgelerden elde edilen I. multifiliis suşlarına ait cDNA vegDNA izolatlarının i-antijen gen lokusunun dizayn edilen pirmerlerle PCR’daamplifiye edilmesi sonucu 1200-1300 bp büyüklüğünde amplikonlar saptanmıştır.Pürifiye amplikonların klonlanması sonucu ilgili izolatlara ait açık okumaçerçevesi (ORF) sekanslarının analizinde birbirleriyle %38,3-58,8 arasındafarklılık gösteren 4 farklı i-antijen izoformu tespit edilmiştir. Bu izoformlararasında bir antijenik lokusun (ImulTR1-iant) her üç ildeki alabalıkpopülasyonlarından izole edilen I.multifiliis suşlarında da var olduğu NGS analizlerinde görülmüştür.ImulTR1-iant ORF sekansı ayrıca Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde alabalıklardanizole edilmiş bir i-antijen izoformuyla %83,3 identiklik gösterirken, diğertespit edilen izoformlara ait sekansların GenBank veri tabanında mevcuti-antijen sekanslarından oldukça farklı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırmadarekaombinant i-antijen eldesi için yaygın belirlenen ImulTR1-iant izolatıüzerinden analizler yürütülmüştür. Bu izoformu kodlayan gen bölgesinin 1263bpbüyüklüğünde olduğu ve ORF’nin 420 amino asitten teşekkül ettiğibelirlenmiştir. ORF amino asit sekanslarının in-slico analizlerde 42,552 kDabüyüklüğünde bir proteini eksprese ettiği, bu proteinin sitoplazmik olduğu vetransmembran bölge içermediği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca ilgili ORF sekansıiçerisinde uzunluğu 7-22aa arasında değişen 21 antijenik bölge olduğubelirlenmiştir. Kodon optimizasyonu yapılmış olan ImulTR1-iant izoformuna ait pET-32a(+)rekombinant plazmitinin E. colikompotent BL21(DE3) hücrelerine transformasyonu ve ekspresyonu sonrasındayapılan SDS-PAGE analizlerinde in-silico analiz sonuçlarına paralel olarakyaklaşık 43kDa’luk protein jel üzerinde görüntülenmiştir. İlgili rekombinantprotein afinite kromotografide HisTrap FF crude (GE Healthcare) kolonlarıkullanılarak saflaştırılmış ve pürifiye rekombinant antijenin immun-reaktifliğiWestern-Blot analizleriyle gösterilmiştir.&nbsp;ErciyesÜniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi tarafından TOA-2017-7742 kodnumarasıyla desteklenen bu çalışma ile Türkiye’de gökkuşağı alabalıklarındasorun oluşturan ve ekonomik kayıplara yol açan I. multifiliis suşlarına karşı biyoteknolojik aşı geliştirilmesinoktasında aşı adayı olabilecek immobilizan antijenler üzerine özgün veriler sağlanmıştır.Elde edilen aşı adayı rekombinant antijenlerin etkinliğini ortaya koymanoktasında laboratuvar ve saha şartlarında immunizasyon ve çelınç enfeksiyondenemeleri için yeni proje çalışmaları planlanmaktadır.</style

Usporedba vrijednosti dvaju različitih kompleta početnica za dokaz vrste Pasteurella caballi lančanom reakcijom polimerazom u uzorcima bronhoalveolarnog ispirka ždrebadi čistokrvnoga arapskog konja.

In the present study, Pasteurella caballi (P. caballi) was isolated and identified in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung samples from thoroughbred Arabian foals using conventional microbiological methods. Subsequently, the ability of two different PCR primer sets was evaluated for detection and confirmation of P. caballi. Primer sets 1 and 2, targeting the 16S rRNA gene of P. caballi, were designed using the Primer 3 and Primer-BLAST programs, respectively. PCR was performed to confirm P. caballi strains and to detect it directly in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung samples. In total, 35 Pasteurella spp. were isolated from 25 (38.4 %) of 65 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples, and 10 (58.8 %) of 17 lung samples. These strains were identified as P. caballi based on conventional microbiological and biochemical characteristics. The sensitivities of primers 1 and 2 were determined to be 100 % to confirm cultured P. caballi strains. However, the specificity of P. caballi detection was lower with primer set-1 than primer set-2 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung samples. The sensitivity and specificity of primer set-2 were confirmed by gene sequence analysis. This study indicates that the 16S rRNA-PCR method, using primer set-2, provides a rapid and accurate tool for the detection and confirmation of P. caballi isolates in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung samples from foals.Pasteurella caballi (P. caballi) izdvojena je i identificirana u uzorcima bronhoalveolarnog ispirka i tkiva pluća ždrebadi čistokrvnoga arapskoga konja uobičajenim mikrobiološkim postupcima. Potom je istražena vrijednost dvaju različitih kompleta početnica za dokaz i potvrdu vrste P. caballi lančanom reakcijom polimerazom. Početnica 1 za dokaz gena 16S rRNA P. caballi bila je pripremljena upotrebom programa Primer 3, a početnica 2 upotrebom programa Primer-BLAST. Lančana reakcija polimerazom rabljena je za potvrdu sojeva vrste P. caballi i za njezin izravni dokaz u uzorcima bronhoalveolarnog ispirka i plućnoga tkiva. Ukupno je bilo izdvojeno 35 izolata Pasteurella spp. iz 25 (38,4 %) od 65 pretraženih uzoraka bronhoalveolarnog ispirka i 10 (58,8 %) izolata iz 17 uzoraka plućnoga tkiva. Ti su sojevi bili identificirani na osnovi poznatih mikrobioloških i biokemijskih značajki. Početnice 1 i 2 pokazale su 100 %-tnu osjetljivost za identifikaciju uzgojenih sojeva. Međutim, početnica set-1 za dokaz vrste P. caballi bila je slabije specifičnosti od početnice set-2 pri pretrazi uzoraka bronhoalveolarnog ispirka i plućnoga tkiva. Osjetljivost i specifičnost početnice 2 bila je povrđena analizom genske sekvencije. Istraživanje pokazuje da početnica set-2 za lančanu reakciju polimerazom za dokaz 16S rRNA pruža brz i točan alat za dokazivanje i potvrdu izolata vrste P. caballi u bronhoalveolarnom ispirku i plućnom tkivu ždrebadi

Microbiological characterization and genetic analysis of bacteria isolated from blood cultures and fecal samples in calves with symptoms of septicemia and diarrhea

Diarrhea in calves can be caused by bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Among bacteria, Escherichia coli is considered responsible for the appearance of enteric diarrhea and septicemia in these animals, conditions that require immediate attention. Among E. coli infections of calves, more focus is placed on intestinal pathogenic (InPEC) infections, and extra – intestinal pathogenic (ExPEC) infections are ignored. This study aims to reveal which E. coli pathotype causes the infection as molecular and serotype and to reveal the differences according to the age groups of the factors in the herd. Blood and fecal samples of 10 calves aged 3 – 15 d with diarrhea were analyzed. The primary agent causing enteritis was determined by examining the stool samples with BoviD – 5 Ag. Then, samples were subjected to culture and identification processes. It was determined that the stool samples had 2/10 with E. coli K99, 4/10 with rotavirus, and 4/10 with mixed rotavirus infections and Cryptosporidium spp. E. coli was detected from all blood samples by hemoculture. The study isolated only the SepEC and ETEC groups from samples. All SepEC isolates were determined to carry type 1 pilus responsible for adhesion. In addition, it was determined that 9/10 of the SepEC group carried the colicin V gene responsible for pathogenicity. Also, all E. coli isolated from calves aged 3 – 15 d were found to be resistant to antibiotics. In conclusion, primary enteritis is caused by rotavirus Cryptosporidium spp. and ETEC. However, it was determined that SepEC group E. coli causing septicemia showed different antigenic and genetic features than E. coli in the intestinal tract. The virulence factors of the SepEC group may vary due to genomic plasticity, and their antigenic structures should be more closely examined and added to vaccine test studies

Usporedba vrijednosti dvaju različitih kompleta početnica za dokaz vrste Pasteurella caballi lančanom reakcijom polimerazom u uzorcima bronhoalveolarnog ispirka ždrebadi čistokrvnoga arapskog konja.

In the present study, Pasteurella caballi (P. caballi) was isolated and identified in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung samples from thoroughbred Arabian foals using conventional microbiological methods. Subsequently, the ability of two different PCR primer sets was evaluated for detection and confirmation of P. caballi. Primer sets 1 and 2, targeting the 16S rRNA gene of P. caballi, were designed using the Primer 3 and Primer-BLAST programs, respectively. PCR was performed to confirm P. caballi strains and to detect it directly in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung samples. In total, 35 Pasteurella spp. were isolated from 25 (38.4 %) of 65 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples, and 10 (58.8 %) of 17 lung samples. These strains were identified as P. caballi based on conventional microbiological and biochemical characteristics. The sensitivities of primers 1 and 2 were determined to be 100 % to confirm cultured P. caballi strains. However, the specificity of P. caballi detection was lower with primer set-1 than primer set-2 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung samples. The sensitivity and specificity of primer set-2 were confirmed by gene sequence analysis. This study indicates that the 16S rRNA-PCR method, using primer set-2, provides a rapid and accurate tool for the detection and confirmation of P. caballi isolates in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung samples from foals.Pasteurella caballi (P. caballi) izdvojena je i identificirana u uzorcima bronhoalveolarnog ispirka i tkiva pluća ždrebadi čistokrvnoga arapskoga konja uobičajenim mikrobiološkim postupcima. Potom je istražena vrijednost dvaju različitih kompleta početnica za dokaz i potvrdu vrste P. caballi lančanom reakcijom polimerazom. Početnica 1 za dokaz gena 16S rRNA P. caballi bila je pripremljena upotrebom programa Primer 3, a početnica 2 upotrebom programa Primer-BLAST. Lančana reakcija polimerazom rabljena je za potvrdu sojeva vrste P. caballi i za njezin izravni dokaz u uzorcima bronhoalveolarnog ispirka i plućnoga tkiva. Ukupno je bilo izdvojeno 35 izolata Pasteurella spp. iz 25 (38,4 %) od 65 pretraženih uzoraka bronhoalveolarnog ispirka i 10 (58,8 %) izolata iz 17 uzoraka plućnoga tkiva. Ti su sojevi bili identificirani na osnovi poznatih mikrobioloških i biokemijskih značajki. Početnice 1 i 2 pokazale su 100 %-tnu osjetljivost za identifikaciju uzgojenih sojeva. Međutim, početnica set-1 za dokaz vrste P. caballi bila je slabije specifičnosti od početnice set-2 pri pretrazi uzoraka bronhoalveolarnog ispirka i plućnoga tkiva. Osjetljivost i specifičnost početnice 2 bila je povrđena analizom genske sekvencije. Istraživanje pokazuje da početnica set-2 za lančanu reakciju polimerazom za dokaz 16S rRNA pruža brz i točan alat za dokazivanje i potvrdu izolata vrste P. caballi u bronhoalveolarnom ispirku i plućnom tkivu ždrebadi

Montelukast jest skutecznym lekiem w zapobieganiu zespołowi hiperstymulacji jajników: badania eksperymentalne

Objectives: To determine the efficacy of montelukast in comparison with cabergoline in the prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) in rats. Material and methods: An experimental OHSS model was formed in 35 female Wistar rats. Rats (22 days old) were randomized into 5 groups, each containing 7 animals. The control group received no therapy; the mild OHSS group was administered pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) 10 IU for 4 days, hCG 10 IU on the 5th day; the severe OHSS group received PMSG 10 IU for 4 days, hCG 30 IU on the 5th day. The montelukast group: received montelukast 10 mg/kg/day and the cabergoline group was administered cabergoline 100μg/kg/day via oral gavage for 6 days (days 22–27), in addition to those of severe OHSS. All groups were sacrificed on 28th day. Body weight, ovarian diameter and weight, vascular permeability, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), semiquantitative VEGF receptor-1, and VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) immunohistochemistry were evaluated. Results: Ovarian diameter and VEGF expression were significantly lower in the montelukast and cabergoline groups than in the severe OHSS group. While montelukast was more effective in limiting vascular permeability in the severe OHSS, cabergoline was superior to montelukast with respect to the limiting effect on increased body weight and VEGFR-2 expression. Conclusions: The VEGF/VEGFR-2 interaction plays an important role in OHSS pathogenesis. Montelukast limits VEGF expression, and cabergoline reduces both VEGF and VEGFR-2 expressions; they are both effective therapies for the prevention of severe OHSS.Cel: Ocena skuteczności montelukastu w porównaniu z kabergoliną w zapobieganiu zespołowi hiperstymulacji jajników (OHSS) u szczurów. Materiał i metoda: Model doświadczalny OHSS stanowiło 35szczurów rasy Wistar, płci żeńskiej. Szczury (22 dniowe) podzielono na 5 grup, każda zawierająca 7 zwierząt. Grupa kontrolna nie otrzymała żadnej terapii. Grupa z łagodnym OHSS otrzymała gonadotropinę z surowicy ciężarnych klaczy (PMSG) w ilości 10IU przez 4 dni, hCG 10IU w 5 dniu, grupa z ciężkim OHSS otrzymała PMSG 10IU przez 4 dni, hCG 30IU w 5 dniu. Grupa z montelukastem otrzymała montelukast w dawce 10mg/kg/dzień a grupa z kabergoliną otrzymała kabergolinę 100μg/kg/dzień przez doustny zgłębnik przez 6 dni (dni 22-27). Wszystkie zwierzęta zabito w 28 dniu. Oceniono masę ciała, wymiar i wagę jajników, przepuszczalność naczyń, czynnik wzrostu śródbłonka naczyń (VEGF) oraz w immunohistochemii półilościowo receptor – 1 VEGF i receptor-2 VEGF. Wyniki: Wymiar jajnika oraz ekspresja VEGF były istotnie niższe w grupach z monelukastem i kabergoliną niż w grupie z ciężkim OHSS. Podczas gdy montelukast był bardziej skuteczny w ograniczaniu przepuszczalności śródbłonków w ciężkim OHSS, to kabergolina okazała się lepsza od montelukastu po uwzględnieniu ograniczającego efektu zwiększonej masy ciała i ekspresji VEGFR-2. Wnioski: Wzajemne oddziaływanie VEGF/VEGFR-2 odgrywa istotną role w patogenezie OHSS. Montelukast ogranicza ekspresję VEGF, a kabergolina zmniejsza zarówno ekspresję VEGF jak i VEGFR-2; obie terapie są skuteczne w zapobieganiu ciężkiemu OHSS