INSTALLATION OF LSA ON A 400 KV DOUBLE-CIRCUIT LINE IN RUSSIA

Necessary information for making decisions regarding installation of LSA in a double circuit 400 kV line running between substation Vyborgskaya in Russia and substations Yullikyalya and Kyumi in Finland are discussed. Lightning discharge energy requirements for LSA have been calculated and the risk for single- and double-circuit lightning related faults with and without arresters has been estimated as a function of tower footing resistance. The decisions regarding ultimate number and location of arresters along the line are described and the type and technical data of the arresters selected are given. Furthermore the measuring system used to monitor lightning surges through the arresters is presented as well as the experience from the installation and the 3 years of service

Calculation of concentration of aerosol particles around a slot sampler

A mathematical model and numerical procedure are proposed for investigation of aspiration efficiency and the particle concentration field around a slot sampler in a moving gas. A potential-flow model for the carrier gas and a Lagrangian method for calculation of particle trajectories and concentration are employed. The particle concentration patterns around the slot and at the sampler inlet are studied. The dependence of the aspiration efficiency on the ratio of the wind and sampling velocities is analyzed. It is shown that the local aspiration efficiency calculated on the symmetry axis of the slot gives satisfactory approximation for the integral aspiration efficiency. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Modelling of the evolution of a droplet cloud in a turbulent flow

The effects of droplet inertia and turbulent mixing on the droplet number density distribution in a turbulent flow field are studied. A formulation of the turbulent convective diffusion equation for the droplet number density, based on the modified Fully Lagrangian Approach, is proposed. The Fully Lagrangian Approach for the dispersed phase is extended to account for the Hessian of transformation from Eulerian to Lagrangian variables. Droplets with moderate inertia are assumed to be transported and dispersed by large scale structures of a filtered field in the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) framework. Turbulent fluctuations, not visible in the filtered solution for the droplet velocity field, induce an additional diffusion mass flux and hence additional dispersion of the droplets. The Lagrangian formulation of the transport equation for the droplet number density and the modified Fully Lagrangian Approach (FLA) make it possible to resolve the flow regions with intersecting droplet trajectories in the filtered flow field. Thus, we can cope successfully with the problems of multivalued filtered droplet velocity regions and caustic formation. The spatial derivatives for the droplet number density are calculated by projecting the FLA solution on the Eulerian mesh, resulting in a hybrid Lagrangian–Eulerian approach to the problem. The main approximations for the method are supported by the calculation of droplet mixing in an unsteady one-dimensional flow field formed by large-scale oscillations with an imposed small-scale modulation. The results of the calculations for droplet mixing in decaying homogeneous and isotropic turbulence are validated by the results of Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) for several values of the Stokes number

Innovative Technologies in Physical Education: Neuropsychological Aspect

The article scrutinises the issue of application of innovative technologies in physical education from the neuropsychological perspective. It has been found that physical education is inseparable from neuropsychology. The content of the concepts: “physical education”, “innovation”, “innovative activity”, “technologies”, “pedagogical innovations”, “neuropsychology” is studied. It is emphasized that innovative educational activity is supported by regulatory documents. It is emphasized that physical education affects not only the motor activity of individuals, but also personal spiritual and social development. It has been investigated that the contemporary innovative technologies are focused on improving the educational process, the use of new teaching methods for creative, active cooperation between the teacher and the student. The essence of cooperative, problematic, practice-oriented learning, active teaching methods is highlighted. The focus is made on constructivism. It has been studied that speech is an indicator of the activity of different regions of the brain. The use of aerobic exercises as a tool to improve plasticity and function of the hippocampus is considered. Running has been shown to help think clearly, make correct and informed decisions. The essence of autogenic training is considered. The benefits of kinesiological exercises for mental and physical health have been studied. Attention is paid to strengthening and maintaining the health of children with special needs. It has been found that development of information and communication technologies has contributed to the emergence of modern mobile applications that increase students’ motivation to care for their health, improve functionality and mobility, help monitor their health. The benefits of exercises that are modelledin virtual reality have been studied, inasmuch as they optimize motor skills, involve motivational, cognitive, sensory processes in dynamic activities.</p