Stellar orbits in cosmological galaxy simulations: the connection to formation history and line-of-sight kinematics

We analyze orbits of stars and dark matter out to three effective radii for 42 galaxies formed in cosmological zoom simulations. Box orbits always dominate at the centers and $z$-tubes become important at larger radii. We connect the orbital structure to the formation histories and specific features (e.g. disk, counter-rotating core, minor axis rotation) in two-dimensional kinematic maps. Globally, fast rotating galaxies with significant recent in situ star formation are dominated by $z$-tubes. Slow rotators with recent mergers have significant box orbit and $x$-tube components. Rotation, quantified by the $\lambda_R$-parameter often originates from streaming motion of stars on $z$-tubes but sometimes from figure rotation. The observed anti-correlation of $h_3$ and $V_0 / \sigma$ in rotating galaxies can be connected to a dissipative formation history leading to high $z$-tube fractions. For galaxies with recent mergers in situ formed stars, accreted stars and dark matter particles populate similar orbits. Dark matter particles have isotropic velocity dispersions. Accreted stars are typically radially biased ($\beta \approx 0.2 - 0.4$). In situ stars become tangentially biased (as low as $\beta \approx -1.0$) if dissipation was relevant during the late assembly of the galaxy. We discuss the relevance of our analysis for integral field surveys and for constraining galaxy formation models.Comment: 21 pages, 19 figure

Negatives Wissen und Moral

In seiner Untersuchung zum Verhältnis von "Negativem Wissen und Moral" zeigt der Autor, dass "negatives moralisches Wissen" in biografischer und entwicklungslogischer Hinsicht für die Ausbildung moralischer Urteilsfähigkeit konstitutiv ist. Dabei unterscheidet er zwischen orientierenden, Sicherheit stiftenden, Sanktionen interpretierenden und Schutz gewährenden "Funktionen" negativen moralischen Wissens, welche zusammen "mehr als ein Normsystem" ausmachen, nämlich die Einsicht formulieren, dass wir aus der "Geschichte des Bösen" eine Vorstellung davon gewinnen können, "was das Gute sein könnte". Hierfür sind als "erzieherische Komponenten" Konzepte hilfreich, die ein "Umlernen" ermöglichen, mit sittlichen Missbilligungen in der Form von "Entrüstung" argumentieren und Praktiken einer "Just Community" kultivieren. (DIPF/Orig.

Auf der Suche nach Licht: Was heisst Wissenschaftsorientierung einer neuen Lehrerbildung?

In den einzelnen Kantonen sind Kommissionen daran, die Lehrerbildung zu reformieren. Grundlegender Tenor ist a) die Erhöhung der PrimarlehrerInnen- und KindergärtnerInnenausbildung auf zwei Jahre nach der Maturität, b) die Schaffung Pädagogischer Hochschulen, c) die Schaffung von Berufseinstiegsphasen und d) die Wissenschaftsfundierung der Ausbildung. Während die Punkte a) bis c) durch vernünftige pädagogische Argumentation abgesichert sind, finden zu Punkt d), der Wissenschaftsorientierung, immer wieder Kontroversen statt. Der Aufsatz greift diesen Punkt auf

Standards in der Lehrerbildung. Teil 1: Berufliche Kompetenzen, die hohen Qualitätsmerkmalen entsprechen

Dieser Aufsatz hat zwei Teile. Im ersten werden Lehrerkompetenzen in der Weise beschrieben, dass sie hohen Qualitätsansprüchen auf der Handlungsebene entsprechen. Wenn die Bedingungen a) theoretische Fundierung, b) empirisches Wissen, c) evaluative Kriterien und d) Handlungstradition erfüllt sind, sprechen wir von Standards in der Lehrerbildung. Standards sind mehr als pädagogisch-psychologische Wissenseinheiten. Sie liegen auf der Ebene wissenschaftlich reflektierter Handlungsmuster von Lehrpersonen in sich dauernd wandelnden Kontexten. Sie sind somit auch mehr als automatisierte Fertigkeiten (Skills), und sie sind dergestalt, dass sie nicht von Fachleuten anderer Professionen oder von Laien wahrgenommen werden können. Aufgrund von Gesprächen mit Verantwortlichen der Lehrerbildung entwickelten wir 88 solcher Standards. Sie sollen hier vorgestellt werden. In der nächsten Nummer werden erste Ergebnisse zur Frage, mit welcher Intensität die Lehrerbildungsanstalten der Schweiz die Standards ausbilden, vorgestellt

Measuring the competence-quality of vocational teachers: An advocatory approach

Using a sample of 110 persons, this study examined the ”advocatory approach” for predicting the quality of (VET) teacher’s competency profiles. The participants (teachers, experts, non-teachers) observed a concrete teaching behavior using a film vignette, and judged it by means of different quality criteria. The hypothesis that differences in the groups, who evaluate, elicit differing sensitivity about the quality of specified teaching competencies (and not teaching performance) was mostly confirmed. We suggest that teachers can individually compare their values with expert values and non-teacher values, and thus use the discrepancies in quality sensitivity for the purposes of self-guided in-service training. (DIPF/Orig.

Galacto-forensic of LMC's orbital history as a probe for the dark matter potential in the outskirt of the Galaxy

The 3D observed velocities of the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds(LMC and SMC) provide an opportunity to probe the Galactic potential in the outskirt of the Galactic halo. Based on a canonical NFW model of the Galactic potential, Besla et al.(2007) reconstructed LMC and SMC's orbits and suggested that they are currently on their first perigalacticon passage about the Galaxy. Motivated by several recent revisions of the Sun's motion around the Galactic center, we re-examine the LMC's orbital history and show that it depends sensitively on the dark-matter's mass distribution beyond its present Galactic distance. We utilize results of numerical simulations to consider a range of possible structural and evolutionary models for the Galactic potentials. We find that within the theoretical and observational uncertainties, it is possible for the LMC to have had multiple perigalacticon passages on the Hubble time scale, especially if the Galactic circular velocity at the location of the Sun is greater than $\sim 228$km s$^{-1}$. Based on these models, a more accurate determination of the LMC's motion may be used to determine the dark matter distribution in the outskirt of the Galactic halo.Comment: 9 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in Ap

Strong partisans trust the political system, but not other people

Do we trust other people just like we trust the political system? For strong party supporters in the US, the answer is a resounding "no". Drawing on General Social Survey data from between 1972 and 2014, new research by Marc Hooghe and Jennifer Oser shows that strong party supporters have high trust in the political system, but low trust in ..

Interkulturelle Erziehung: eine Erziehung zur universalistischen Moral : die Berücksichtigung der moralischen Dimension von Integrations- und Migrationsfragen und deren Wirkung auf die Einstellungen gegenüber Migrantinnen und Migranten

This dissertation reflects the concept of immigrants’ integration from the angle of morality and justice. It discusses therefore Aristotle’s and Rawls’s theories of justice in a multicultural context and develops a fair model which understands integration as a two-way process of mutual accommodation (Mesotes) and a value system that neither discriminates immigrants nor disadvantages the host society (Maximin Strategy). Furthermore, this work illustrates the moral dimension of immigration and integration issues with semi-real stories and shows that a different framing of the issues (political, economic, moral, etc.) can lead to different attitudes and actions within a multicultural society, with people approaching immigration and integration under a moral point of view being more open and having more positive attitudes toward immigrants. This makes a moral approach within the intercultural education necessary, which finally aims at the intercultural moral person. The results of a quantitative study that took place in Switzerland with students of grade 8 confirm the assumption that moral framing of migration and integration issues explains openness and positive or negative attitudes towards immigrants and shows correlations between moral framing of migration and integration issues and other background information and skills like sex, type of visiting school, knowledge about reasons of immigration etc

How do attitudes toward redistribution differ between Europe and the United States?

Europeans are often assumed to be more in favour of redistributive policies than citizens of the United States, but is this actually the case? New research by Jennifer Oser and Marc Hooghe finds that American public opinion is indeed less supportive of redistribution and social security than in Europe. However, a very substantial group of US citizens would still like more to be done to reduce poverty and inequality