Kravhantering inom öppna affärssystem

Det finns ett ökat intresse av att använda Open Source Enterprise Resource Planning (OS-ERP) system inom organisationer idag. En viktig del avutvecklingen av informationssystem är ta fram en kravkontext som tillfredsställer intressenterna i systemet. Kravhanteringen spelar därför en viktig roll för produktresultatet. Kravhantering är dock en mångfacetterad process, och kan bero på många olika faktorer, och det finns ingen enhetlig beskrivande bild inom forskningen av hur kravhanteringsprocessen ser ut, eller hur ska vara strukturerad. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur kravhanteringen ser ut inom utvecklingen av OS-ERP. För att göra det tog vi fram en teoretisk grund som bas för en undersökning kring hur kravhanteringsprocessen ser ut. En undersökning genomfördes på fyra organisationer som arbetar med utveckling av OS-ERP. Undersökningen bestod av telefonintervjuer med personer som var insatta i organisationernas kravhantering. Dessa intervjuer analyserades sedan med hjälp av den teoretiska grund som vi hade tagit fram, vilket skedde genom härledning av resultatet utifrån teorin. Utifrån detta kunde vi skapa en övergripande bild av kravhanteringsprocessen som visade på att det finns tendenser till ett likartat tillvägagångssätt för kravhantering inom OS-ERP

Bedrock Erosion in Swedish Spillways - A Methodology for Assessing Design Pore Pressures Aimed for Design of Erosion Mitigation Via Reinforcement of the Rock Mass

This article presents a collection of literature and data that enables calculations of hydraulic pressures inside a structurally simplified rock mass. The causation between the pressure in the rock mass and the near plane-parallel turbulently flowing waters on natural surfaces of igneous rock is expressed. The article is mainly aimed at rock reinforcement calculations given magmatic rock types with high durability and large block size

Skogens egenskaper på lavmark & dess förändring inom renskötselområdet

Skogsbruket och renskötseln verkar idag på samma marker, vilka nyttjas för råvara och som betesmark. Renskötseln är beroende av skogar med bottenskikt av lav- eller lavrik typ då marklav är en essentiell födotillgång för renen vintertid. Denna studie analyserade egenskaper för skog på lavmark samt undersökte hur utvecklingen sett ut mellan 1985 och 2018 inom det svenska renskötselområdet, baserat på data från svenska Riksskogstaxeringens inventeringar. Utöver analys av egenskaper och förändring undersöktes även lavmarkens geografiska fördelning. Resultat visar att skog på lavmark generellt är gles med högt ljusinsläpp. Arealen lavmark har minskat kraftigt inom renskötselområdet och kvalitén på kvarvarande lavmark har försämrats vilket innebär en minskad fodertillgång för renen. Endast en mindre andel lavmark finns kustnära, vilket är det område där behovet av lavmark som bete generellt är högt vintertid.Forestry and reindeer husbandry uses the same land areas, for wood production and as grazing areas, respectively. The reindeer husbandry is dependent on forests with ground lichen as it is an essential food source for the reindeers during winter. This study analysed, characteristics of forest with ground lichens and examined the change of these forests between 1985 and 2018 within the Swedish reindeer husbandry area, based on data from the Swedish National Forest Inventory. In addition to analysis of characteristics and change, the geographical distribution of the ground lichen was also investigated. Study results shows that forests in areas with ground lichens is sparse with generally high light penetration. The overall areal distribution of ground lichens has declined in the reindeer husbandry area and the quality of the remaining areas with ground lichens has detoriated, which means a decreased food source for the reindeers. Only a small part of the area with ground lichens are located in coastal areas, where the need of ground lichens to graze is generally high during winter

Geometric deep learning and equivariant neural networks

We survey the mathematical foundations of geometric deep learning, focusing on group equivariant and gauge equivariant neural networks. We develop gauge equivariant convolutional neural networks on arbitrary manifolds M using principal bundles with structure group K and equivariant maps between sections of associated vector bundles. We also discuss group equivariant neural networks for homogeneous spaces M= G/ K , which are instead equivariant with respect to the global symmetry G on M . Group equivariant layers can be interpreted as intertwiners between induced representations of G, and we show their relation to gauge equivariant convolutional layers. We analyze several applications of this formalism, including semantic segmentation and object detection networks. We also discuss the case of spherical networks in great detail, corresponding to the case M= S2= SO (3) / SO (2) . Here we emphasize the use of Fourier analysis involving Wigner matrices, spherical harmonics and Clebsch–Gordan coefficients for G= SO (3) , illustrating the power of representation theory for deep learning

HEAL-SWIN: A Vision Transformer On The Sphere

High-resolution wide-angle fisheye images are becoming more and more important for robotics applications such as autonomous driving. However, using ordinary convolutional neural networks or vision transformers on this data is problematic due to projection and distortion losses introduced when projecting to a rectangular grid on the plane. We introduce the HEAL-SWIN transformer, which combines the highly uniform Hierarchical Equal Area iso-Latitude Pixelation (HEALPix) grid used in astrophysics and cosmology with the Hierarchical Shifted-Window (SWIN) transformer to yield an efficient and flexible model capable of training on high-resolution, distortion-free spherical data. In HEAL-SWIN, the nested structure of the HEALPix grid is used to perform the patching and windowing operations of the SWIN transformer, resulting in a one-dimensional representation of the spherical data with minimal computational overhead. We demonstrate the superior performance of our model for semantic segmentation and depth regression tasks on both synthetic and real automotive datasets. Our code is available at https://github.com/JanEGerken/HEAL-SWIN.Comment: Main body: 10 pages, 7 figures. Appendices: 4 pages, 2 figure

Spectrum of Doubly Ionized Xenon (Xe III)

The spectrum of doubly ionized xenon has been investigated. The study is based on photographic recordings of xenon spectra in the 490-8900 Å range. The number of classified lines has been increased from about 300 to about 1400. The lines have been classified as transitions between 73 even levels belonging to the 5s25p4, 5s25p36p, 4ϕ, 5ϕ and 5s05p6 configurations, and 83 odd levels belonging to the 5s5p5, 5s25p36s, 7s, 5d and 6d configurations. In particular, the classifications include most of the Xe III laser lines. The experimentally observed level structures are compared with the results of Hartree-Fock calculations and least-squares fits. A comparison is also made between the results of the present analysis and the published data on the Xe N4,5OO Auger spectrumFacultad de Ciencias ExactasCentro de Investigaciones Óptica

Spectrum of Doubly Ionized Xenon (Xe III)

The spectrum of doubly ionized xenon has been investigated. The study is based on photographic recordings of xenon spectra in the 490-8900 Å range. The number of classified lines has been increased from about 300 to about 1400. The lines have been classified as transitions between 73 even levels belonging to the 5s25p4, 5s25p36p, 4ϕ, 5ϕ and 5s05p6 configurations, and 83 odd levels belonging to the 5s5p5, 5s25p36s, 7s, 5d and 6d configurations. In particular, the classifications include most of the Xe III laser lines. The experimentally observed level structures are compared with the results of Hartree-Fock calculations and least-squares fits. A comparison is also made between the results of the present analysis and the published data on the Xe N4,5OO Auger spectrumFacultad de Ciencias ExactasCentro de Investigaciones Óptica

A short period super-Earth transiting a metal poor, evolved old star

Context. From a light curve acquired through the K2 space mission, the star K2-111(EPIC 210894022) has been identified as possibly orbited by a transiting planet. Aims: Our aim is to confirm the planetary nature of the object and derive its fundamental parameters. Methods: We analyse the light curve variations during the planetary transit using packages developed specifically for exoplanetary transits. Reconnaissance spectroscopy and radial velocity observations have been obtained using three separate telescope and spectrograph combinations. The spectroscopic synthesis package SME has been used to derive the stellar photospheric parameters that were used as input to various stellar evolutionary tracks in order to derive the parameters of the system. The planetary transit was also validated to occur on the assumed host star through adaptive imaging and statistical analysis. Results: The star is found to be located in the background of the Hyades cluster at a distance at least 4 times further away from Earth than the cluster itself. The spectrum and the space velocities of K2-111 strongly suggest it to be a member of the thick disk population. The co-added high-resolution spectra show that that it is a metal poor ([Fe/H] = - 0.53 ą 0.05 dex) and ?-rich somewhat evolved solar-like star of spectral type G3. We find Teff = 5730 ą 50 K, log g? = 4.15 ą 0.1 cgs, and derive a radius of R? = 1.3 ą 0.1 R? and a mass of M? = 0.88 ą 0.02 M?. The currently available radial velocity data confirms a super-Earth class planet with a mass of 8.6 ą 3.9 M? and a radius of 1.9 ą 0.2 R?. A second more massive object with a period longer than about 120 days is indicated by a long-term radial velocity drift. Conclusions: The radial velocity detection together with the imaging confirms with a high level of significance that the transit signature is caused by a planet orbiting the star K2-111. This planet is also confirmed in the radial velocity data. A second more massive object (planet, brown dwarf, or star) has been detected in the radial velocity signature. With an age of ?10 Gyr this system is one of the oldest where planets are hitherto detected. Further studies of this planetary system are important since it contains information about the planetary formation process during a very early epoch of the history of our Galaxy

Three Small Planets Transiting a Hyades Star

We present the discovery of three small planets transiting K2-136 (LP 358 348, EPIC 247589423), a late K dwarf in the Hyades. The planets have orbital periods of $7.9757 \pm 0.0011$, $17.30681^{+0.00034}_{-0.00036}$, and $25.5715^{+0.0038}_{-0.0040}$ days, and radii of $1.05 \pm 0.16$, $3.14 \pm 0.36$, and $1.55^{+0.24}_{-0.21}$ $R_\oplus$, respectively. With an age of 600-800 Myr, these planets are some of the smallest and youngest transiting planets known. Due to the relatively bright (J=9.1) host star, the planets are compelling targets for future characterization via radial velocity mass measurements and transmission spectroscopy. As the first known star with multiple transiting planets in a cluster, the system should be helpful for testing theories of planet formation and migration.Comment: Accepted to The Astronomical Journa