Lipids and Fatty Acids in Human Milk: Benefits and Analysis

Human milk is related to the physiological and nutritional welfare of newborns, providing the necessary dietary energy, physiologically active compounds and essential nutrients for breastfed babies. Human milk fat has an important position as energy source, structural and regulatory functions, being one of the most important components of breast milk. It provides approximately 50–60% of the energy of the human milk, and its composition in fatty acids defines its nutritional and physico-chemical properties. Furthermore, human milk contains the long-chain polyunsaturated essential fatty acids (LCPUFA) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which is important for appropriate development of baby’s organs, tissues and nervous system. This chapter will address the benefits associated with the consumption of human milk (health, nutritional, immunological and developmental benefits) as well as the analysis applied to determine the lipid quality of this powerful food

Understanding the complete reservoir of bacteriophage depolymerases against A. baumannii capsules

A. baumannii is an important nosocomial and drug-resistant pathogen. The capsule is a major virulence factor that helps bacteria to avoid host immunity and viral predation. Acinetobacter phages can bind and degrade host capsules through capsular depolymerases with proven anti-virulence activity (1-3). Understanding the full reservoir of phage depolymerases against A. baumannii capsules, as well as relevant capsular types in clinical isolates, is crucial for developing depolymerase-based treatments. In this work, we 1) characterized 94 carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii Portuguese isolates; 2) isolated phages for relevant capsular types and characterized their depolymerases and 3) developed bioinformatic tools to collect the diversity of phage depolymerases. We show clonal shifts of A. baumannii KL2, KL7, KL9 and KL120 serotypes over time, with different virulence assessed in G. mellonella. Acinetobacter phages specific for particular k-types were isolated and several depolymerases (for KL1, KL2/KL19, KL9, KL30/KL45, KL32, KL38, KL44, KL67 types) characterized. We also demonstrate that most Acinetobacter phages encode capsular depolymerases (from 134 deposited in 2021, 73 contain capsular depolymerases), exclusively located in small viruses (<90 kb). To disclose the full genetic diversity, we developed PhageDPO (available in Galaxy uminho.pt server), a machine learning tool that identifies depolymerases in phages and bacteria genomes (prophages). We also present PhageKDB, a database that compiles available information of capsular depolymerases, retrieved through both manually and text-mining approaches, serving as an open portal to phage community. Overall, we present novel insights into A. baumannii isolates and phage depolymerase diversity and a collaborative tool to advance research in the field.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Impact of acute kidney injury exposure period among liver transplantation patients

Background: Acute kidney injury is a common complication of liver transplantation. in this single-centre retrospective observational study, we investigated the impact of acute kidney disease on liver recipient survival.Methods: the study population consisted of patients who underwent a liver engraftment between January 2002 and November 2006, at a single transplantation centre in São Paulo, Brazil. Acute kidney injury diagnosis and staging were according to the recommendations of the Acute Kidney Injury Network and consisted of scanning the daily serum creatinine levels throughout the hospital stay. Patients requiring renal replacement therapy prior to transplantation, those who developed acute kidney injury before the procedure or those receiving their second liver graft were excluded from the study.Results: A total of 444 liver transplantations were performed during the study period, and 129 procedures (29%) were excluded. the remaining 315 patients constituted the study population. in 207 procedures, the recipient was male (65%). the mean age of the population was 51 years. Cumulative incidence of acute kidney injury within 48 h, during the first week after transplantation, and throughout the hospital stay was 32, 81 and 93%, respectively. Renal replacement therapy was required within a week after the transplantation in 31 procedures (10%), and another 17 (5%) required replacement therapy after that period. Mean follow-up period was 2.3 years. Time in days from acute kidney injury diagnosis to initiation of replacement therapy or reaching serum creatinine peak was associated with lower overall survival even when adjusted for significant potential confounders (HR 1.03; 95% CI 1.01, 1.05; p=0.002). Overall, patients experiencing acute kidney injury lasting for a week or more before initiation of replacement therapy experienced a threefold increase in risk of death (HR 3.02; 95% CI 2.04, 4.46; p<0.001).Conclusions: Acute kidney injury after liver transplantation is remarkably frequent and has a substantial impact on patient survival. Delaying the initiation of renal replacement therapy in such population may increase mortality by more than 20% per day.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Div Nephrol, São Paulo, BrazilHosp Transplantes Euryclides de Jesus Zerbini, Liver Unit, São Paulo, BrazilHosp Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, BrazilTufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Div Nephrol, Medford, MA 02155 USAUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Div Nephrol, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Acute Affective Responses and Frontal Electroencephalographic Asymmetry to Prescribed and Self-selected Exercise

Objective: Our goal was to compare affective responses and frontal electroencephalographic alpha asymmetry induced by prescribed exercise (PE) and self-selected exercise (SS). Method: Twenty active participants underwent a submaximal exercise test to estimate maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max). Participants enrolled a cross-over randomized study where each participant completed three conditions: PE (50%PVO2max), SS and Control. The electroencephalography was performed before and after exercise. The feeling scale, felt arousal scale and heart rate were recorded before, during and after each condition. The ratings of perceived exertion were recorded during and after each condition. Results: The heart rate and ratings of perceived exertion showed higher values in the PE and SS conditions compared to controls, with no differences between the PE and SS conditions. For the feeling scale, the SS presented higher values compared to the PE and Control conditions. The felt arousal scale presented higher values in the PE and SS conditions compared to control. There was no interaction between condition and moment, or main effect for condition and moment for frontal alpha asymmetry (InF4-InF3). Conclusion: The SS provided better affective responses compared to PE, thus can consider self-selected intensity as an appropriate option. In general, no frontal alpha asymmetry was seen due to an exercise intervention

HIF-1alpha-pathway activation in cholangiocytes of patients with biliary atresia : an immunohistochemical/molecular exploratory study

Background: Biliary atresia is a neonatal disease characterized by choledochal obstruction and progressive cholangiopathy requiring liver transplantation in most patients. Hypoxia-ischemia affecting the biliary epithelium may lead to biliary obstruction. We hypothesized that ischemic cholangiopathy involving disruption of the peribiliary vascular plexus could act as a triggering event in biliary atresia pathogenesis. Methods: Liver and porta hepatis paraffin-embedded samples of patients with biliary atresia or intrahepatic neonatal cholestasis (controls) were immunohistochemically evaluated for HIF-1alpha-nuclear signals. Frozen histological samples were analyzed for gene expression in molecular profiles associated with hypoxia-ischemia. Prospective clinical-laboratory and histopathological data of biliary atresia patients and controls were reviewed. Results: Immunohistochemical HIF-1alpha signals localized to cholangiocytes were detected exclusively in liver specimens from biliary atresia patients. In 37.5% of liver specimens, HIF-1alpha signals were observed in biliary structures involving progenitor cell niches and peribiliary vascular plexus. HIF-1alpha signals were also detected in biliary remnants of 81.8% of porta hepatis specimens. Increased gene expression of molecules linked to REDOX status, biliary proliferation, and angiogenesis was identified in biliary atresia liver specimens. In addition, there was a trend towards decreased GSR expression levels in the HIF-1alpha-positive group compared to the HIF-1alpha-negative group. Conclusion: Activation of the HIF-1alpha pathway may be associated with the pathogenesis of biliary atresia, and additional studies are necessary to confirm the significance of this finding. Ischemic cholangiopathy and REDOX status disturbance are putative explanations for HIF-1alpha activation. These findings may give rise to novel lines of clinical and therapeutic investigation in the BA field

SEEDLING PRODUCTION CATTLEYA ELDORADO IN SUBSTRATES WITH NUTRITIVE SOLUTION UNDER SHADING SCREENS

Further researches are necessary to better understand the various technical and physiological aspects entailed by the use of substrates, shading and mineral fertilization resulting otimization in their application in the production of&nbsp;Cattleya eldoradoseedlings. The study was conducted with the aim of verify the effect of shading screens in the initial growth of&nbsp;Cattleya eldoradoseedlings in substrates fertilized with nutritive&nbsp; solution. The experimental design was completely randomized 2x3x2 factorial with four replications. The studied factors: (T1)= crushed cupua&ccedil;upeel (sub1); (T2)= industrialized coconut fiber (sub2); (T3)= blend 50% sub1 + 50% sub2 with and without nutritive solution under red or black cromatinet. The analyzed variables were: aerial part height, number of leaves and chlorophyll a and b throught 300 days. Fertilization with nutritive solution promotes height growth and number of leaves results in higher levels of chlorophyll a and b, under red as black cromatinet, indicated for seedlings growth.Pesquisas adicionais são necessárias para se entender melhor os vários aspectos técnicos e fisiológicos acarretados pelo uso de substratos, sombreamento e fertilização mineral, a fim de otimizar sua aplicação na produção de mudas de C. eldorado. Diante do exposto, o trabalho foi realizado com objetivo de verificar o efeito de telas de sombreamento no crescimento inicial de mudas de C. eldoradoem substratos fertilizados com adição de solução nutritiva. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2x3x2 com quatro repetições. Os fatores em estudo foram: (T1)= casca de frutos de cupuaçu triturada (sub1); (T2)= fibra de coco industrializada (sub 2); (T3)= 50% mistura de sub1 + 50% mistura de sub2 com e sem adição de solução nutritiva sob cromatinet vermelha e cromatinet preta. As variáveis avaliadas foram: a altura da parte aérea, número de folhas e clorofila a e b, ao longo de 300 dias após o transplantio. A fertilização com adição de solução nutritiva favorece o crescimento em altura e o número de folhas e resulta em maiores índices de clorofila a e b tanto em cromatinet vermelha quanto preta, sendo indicada para crescimento de mudas de C. eldorado

Use of absorbable hemostatic gelatin sponge in postoperative care of the vascular pedicle of interpolated flaps

Interpolated flaps are among the most important and functional flaps in reconstructive plastic surgery, representing a safe option even in the most difficult cases. The pedicle of the interpolated flap requires a dressing to avoid bleeding and local contamination. This dressing often fails to prevent minor bleedings, which occurs within the first 24-48 hours. As a result, it needs to be continuously changed, from three to five times on average. The technique proposed in this study consists in a direct application of a GELFOAM® layer. This is subsequently wrapped with petroleum gauze to prevent bleeding of the open area in the pedicle flap, improving hemostasis and reducing the manipulation of the vascular pedicle

EDUCAÇÃO EM SAÚDE COM CRIANÇAS ATENDIDAS EM INSTITUIÇÕES DE ACOLHIMENTO

O desenvolvimento das atividades de educa&ccedil;&atilde;o em sa&uacute;de na assist&ecirc;ncia &agrave;s crian&ccedil;as merece ser priorizado e planejado com o objetivo de promover mudan&ccedil;as, sendo que para isso &eacute; necess&aacute;rio o uso de tecnologias apropriadas. Assim, este artigo tem como objetivo descrever as atividades de educa&ccedil;&atilde;o em sa&uacute;de desenvolvidas com crian&ccedil;as que vivem em institui&ccedil;&otilde;es de acolhimento no munic&iacute;pio de Foz do Igua&ccedil;u, PR. As a&ccedil;&otilde;es educativas em sa&uacute;de foram desenvolvidas em duas institui&ccedil;&otilde;es de assist&ecirc;ncia e prote&ccedil;&atilde;o &agrave; crian&ccedil;a. O n&uacute;mero total de crian&ccedil;as que participaram das atividades foi de 30 crian&ccedil;as, sendo a maioria do sexo masculino, entre 9 e 12 anos de idade. As atividades de educa&ccedil;&atilde;o em sa&uacute;de foram divididas em tr&ecirc;s eixos tem&aacute;ticos: H&aacute;bitos saud&aacute;veis, Alimenta&ccedil;&atilde;o saud&aacute;vel e Sa&uacute;de bucal. Para as atividades foram utilizados recursos audiovisuais, din&acirc;micas e fantoches. Conclui-se que a educa&ccedil;&atilde;o ligada &agrave; sa&uacute;de contribui muito para que as pr&aacute;ticas de sa&uacute;de tenham sucesso, pois &eacute; atrav&eacute;s do ensino que se consegue a ado&ccedil;&atilde;o de novos h&aacute;bitos e mudan&ccedil;a de comportamento

Efeito do tratamento crônico com cafeína sobre o sistema glutamatérgico de camundongos

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