Integrated curriculum: a contemporary innovation strategy in medical education

In its traditional form, medical education begins with learning basic science disciplines, with subsequent transition to clinical training. The basic sciences are taught as a series of separate academic courses, with no coordination applied at the inter-disciplinary level. During past decades, the integrated curriculum has become increasingly popular as a novel instructional strategy that promotes contextual learning in medical practice. The curriculum breaks down the barriers between basic and clinical sciences (vertical integration), interconnects teaching of various basic science disciplines (horizontal integration) and facilitates the acquisition of critical thinking, problem-solving and team-working skills through collaborative learning. The vertical integration is encouraged with training in clinical and communication skills starting in the first semester, teaching basic sciences at the interface with medical problems and involving clinicians in giving lectures on applied anatomy and clinical physiology. In order to facilitate the horizontal integration, basic science disciplines are taught concurrently within interdisciplinary units aligned around the body organ systems. This contributes to a better understanding of complex interrelations between structure and function and stimulates wider insights into mechanisms of the disease. The integrated curriculum supports conceptual learning rather than simple memorisation of fragmented factual knowledge. As such, it relieves the information overload imposed on students due to a rapid growth of medical knowledge in the contemporary world. With the integrated curriculum, the main emphasis is placed on problem-oriented learning guided by an experienced tutor in a small group of students. In this setting, a realistic medical case is used as a trigger for discussion aimed at linking basic science concepts with the clinical problem. Through collaborative problem-solving, students develop a clinical reasoning and team-working skills. Overall, problem-based learning puts forward a student-centred approach in a sense that students themselves are primarily responsible for identifying relevant learning objectives and self-guided acquisition of medical knowledge. This raises their motivation in learning basic sciences and markedly improves the perception of learning environment. In summary, the integrated curriculum offers a number of benefits to medical students and appears to provide an effective instrument in developing professional competencies required in clinical work

Time Domain Digital State-Spase Modeling of PWM Converter

Article presents a method of time-domain digital modeling of PWM converter operating in a continuous conduction mode. Digital values during switching period are introduced with an aim to simplify linearization. It is shown that continuous modeling of variations around steady-state operating point is not a necessary assumption for linearization

Single-crystal Fe-bearing sphalerite: synthesis, lattice parameter, thermal expansion coefficient and microhardness

© 2016, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.Sphalerite crystals (Fe,Zn)S containing up to 56 mol% of FeS have been synthesized by gas transport method and in molten salts in the temperature range 340–780 °C at various sulfur fugacities. It is shown that lattice parameter of Fe-bearing sphalerite changes with temperature and composition (x, mol% FeS in sphalerite) according to parabolic equation: a±0.0004/Å=(5.4099±0.0008)+(5.82±0.36)·10-4·x+(-4.7±0.6)·10-6·x2+(4.2±0.4)·10-5·(T-298.15K). This relationship is independent from synthesis temperature and sulfur fugacity. Temperature expansion coefficient is independent from temperature or composition of the sphalerite solid solution. It is shown that increase in Fe content of the synthesis charge leads to larger deviations between the target and real composition of the obtained crystals. Vickers microhardness of sphalerite increases in the composition range 0–1 mol% of FeS, has broad maximum in the range 1–5 mol% and decreases at higher Fe content

PENGEMBANGAN PERANCANGAN JARINGAN LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN) DI RSIA ANUGRAH MEDICAL CENTRE METRO

Penyampaian data dan informasi belum sistematis karena masih menggunakan media penyimpanan eksternal (flashdisk), pengembangan sistem jaringan dengan berbasis LAN (Local Area Network) guna membantu dalam masalah pengiriman data secara berkala dengan menggunakan layanan jaringan di RSIA Anugrah Medical Centre .Menggunakan metode yaitu menganalisis sistem jaringan yang sedang berjalan, mendesain sistem baru, merancang sistem dan yang terakhir pengujian sistem jaringan yang telah dirancang. Sistem informasi yang digunakan yaitu Local Area Network (LAN. jaringan ini digunakan untuk melakukan sharing data dan hardware. Perancangan LAN menggunakan media penghubung kabel UTP yang saling terkoneksi ke beberapa komputer melalui hub, hal ini untuk mempermudah komunikasi data yang berlangsung disana. Jaringan LAN juga diusahakan dapat terkoneksi ke internet melalui modem dengan pembagian bandwidth supaya pemakain data bisa digunakan secara optimal dan sesuai kebutuhan para pengguna. Dengan adanya jaringan Local Area Network (LAN), memiliki banyak manfaat yang dirasakan, salah satunya adalah penyampaian data dan informasi lebih muda

Cardiac dynamics: Alternans and arrhythmogenesis

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Cardiovascular Response to Beta-Adrenergic Blockade or Activation in 23 Inbred Mouse Strains

We report the characterisation of 27 cardiovascular-related traits in 23 inbred mouse strains. Mice were phenotyped either in response to chronic administration of a single dose of the β-adrenergic receptor blocker atenolol or under a low and a high dose of the β-agonist isoproterenol and compared to baseline condition. The robustness of our data is supported by high trait heritabilities (typically H2>0.7) and significant correlations of trait values measured in baseline condition with independent multistrain datasets of the Mouse Phenome Database. We then focused on the drug-, dose-, and strain-specific responses to β-stimulation and β-blockade of a selection of traits including heart rate, systolic blood pressure, cardiac weight indices, ECG parameters and body weight. Because of the wealth of data accumulated, we applied integrative analyses such as comprehensive bi-clustering to investigate the structure of the response across the different phenotypes, strains and experimental conditions. Information extracted from these analyses is discussed in terms of novelty and biological implications. For example, we observe that traits related to ventricular weight in most strains respond only to the high dose of isoproterenol, while heart rate and atrial weight are already affected by the low dose. Finally, we observe little concordance between strain similarity based on the phenotypes and genotypic relatedness computed from genomic SNP profiles. This indicates that cardiovascular phenotypes are unlikely to segregate according to global phylogeny, but rather be governed by smaller, local differences in the genetic architecture of the various strains

Revisiting the Incorporation of Ti(IV) in UiO-type Metal–Organic Frameworks: Metal Exchange versus Grafting and Their Implications on Photocatalysis

Revisiting the Incorporation of Ti(IV) in UiO-type Metal–Organic Frameworks: Metal Exchange versus Grafting and Their Implications on Photocatalysi

Современные возможности лапароскопической пластики мочепузырно-прямокишечного свища

Современные возможности лапароскопической пластики мочепузырно-прямокишечного свищ