Principles and methods of efficient organization of vertically integrated structures in the agro-industrial sector

The article considers the principles and τηε organizational methods of vertically integrated structures, in particular vertical integration in the agro-industrial sector. It analyzes the peculiarities of development of the Black sea-Caspian region. The peculiarities of functioning in agro-industrial enterprises are revealed and the problem of using logistic tools in domestic business it is formulated. The article is devoted to solve actual scientific and practical tasks to ensure the efficient production and the sale of products with the lowest cost, providing freedom in the development of strategies for competitiveness, effective economic, financial, and personnel policy. The result of the research is to develop proposals on formation of logistic chains in the agro-industrial sector by considering the market, the economic policy of the regional authorities, the regulatory and legal acts constituting the legal basis of the organization of agro-industrial sector as given conditions. The article provides recommendations on the organization of vertically integrated structures in the agro-industrial sector with the purpose to increase management efficiency for the agricultural enterprises.peer-reviewe

Development and implementation of special seminar “Innovative pedagogical technologies”

Taking into account modern requirements to teacher’s personality in primary education, his knowledge of innovative pedagogical technologies’ essence as well as knowledge of methodology,  relevance of the search for ways to improve the content and forms of future primary school teachers’ training has been revealed. One of the solutions to this problem can be introduction of a special seminar aimed at improving the level of innovative and technological competence of future teachers in primary education into the system of vocational training. The purpose of this article is to substantiate the conceptual and methodological significance of a special seminar "Innovative pedagogical technologies" as well as to describe process of diagnosing effectiveness of the developed special seminar. The aim of the research is achieved through the application of such theoretical and empirical methods of scientific knowledge as method of pedagogical diagnostics, methodical system modeling, method of pedagogical forecasting, analysis of results, synthesis of the results of experimental research. Based on the use of these methods, the main theoretical aspects of a special seminar development are presented, the components of its content and structure are reflected and the stages of testing effectiveness of the developed special seminar are described. The scientific novelty of the research is justified by the development of the conceptual foundations and content of the special seminar "Innovative pedagogical technologies", intended for use in the training of future primary school teachers, indicating methodological aspects of its implementation, as well as the development of a diagnostic system to test its effectiveness in the educational process of the University

Влияние адсорбционно-каталитической деформации и частичной дезактивации на определение абсолютной активности катализатора жидкофазного гидрирования

Objectives. To take into account the change in the number of active sites during the adsorptioncatalytic deformation and deactivation of a catalyst surface by means of a catalytic poison when calculating the turnover frequency (TOF) of a hydrogenation catalyst.Methods. The activity was determined by a static method, using a titanium reactor having a volume of 400 mL, an experimental temperature controlled using a liquid thermostat with an accuracy of 0.5 K, with a paddle stirrer rotation speed of 3600 rpm and system hydrogen pressure equal to atmospheric. The consumption of hydrogen used to reduce the model compound was taken into account via the volumetric method. The heats of hydrogen adsorption were determined using a reaction calorimeter with an operating mode close to that of a chemical reactor. After measuring the specific surface area using low temperature nitrogen adsorption, the results were processed using Brunauer–Emmett–Teller theory approximations. Deactivation was carried out by introducing dosed amounts of catalytic poison into the system in titration mode.Results. A kinetic experiment for the reduction of a multiple carbon bond in a sodium maleate molecule using aqueous solutions of sodium hydroxide with additions of monohydric aliphatic alcohols as solvents under conditions of partial deactivation of the catalyst was carried out. The obtained values of heats of hydrogen adsorption on skeletal nickel in the course of the experiment are given. The described approach is used to calculate TOF values taking into account changes in the number of active surface sites during the course of a catalytic reaction and upon the introduction of a deactivating agent. A refined equation for the correct calculation of TOF is proposed along with its mathematical justification. The results of TOF calculations under various assumptions for a number of catalytic systems are shown.Conclusions. When calculating absolute activity values, a change in the number of active sites has a significant effect on the obtained values. The physical meaning of a number of constants in the proposed equation relates the activity of the catalyst to the distribution of hydrogen on its surface in terms of heats of adsorption. Цели. Учесть изменение количества активных центров при адсорбционно-каталитической деформации и дезактивации поверхности каталитическим ядом при расчете величин абсолютных активностей (turnover frequency, TOF) катализатора гидрирования.Методы. Определение активности проводили статическим методом, использовали титановый реактор объемом 400 мл, заданную температуру опыта контролировали с помощью жидкостного термостата с точностью до 0.5 К, скорость вращения лопастной мешалки составляла 3600 об/мин, давление водорода в системе равно атмосферному. Расход водорода на восстановление модельного соединения учитывался волюмометрическим методом. Теплоты адсорбции водорода определяли с помощью реакционного калориметра, режим работы которого был близок к режиму работы химического реактора. Удельная площадь поверхности измерялась с помощью низкотемпературной адсорбции азота, результаты обрабатывали, используя приближения теории Брунауэра–Эммета– Теллера (БЭТ). Дезактивация проводилась введением в систему дозированных количеств каталитического яда в режиме титрования.Результаты. Получены результаты кинетического эксперимента восстановления кратной углеродной связи в молекуле малеата натрия в растворителях различной природы и состава в условиях частичной дезактивации катализатора. В качестве растворителей использовали водные растворы гидроксида натрия с добавками одноатомных алифатических спиртов. Приведены значения теплот адсорбции водорода на скелетном никеле, полученные в ходе адсорбционно-калориметрического эксперимента. Показан подход, позволяющий учесть изменение количества активных центров поверхности в процессе протекания каталитической реакции и при введении дезактивирующего агента, при расчете значений TOF. Предложено уточненное уравнение для корректного расчета TOF, а также представлено математическое его обоснование. Показаны результаты расчета TOF при различных допущениях для ряда каталитических систем.Выводы. Продемонстрировано, что учет изменения количества активных центров при расчете величин абсолютной активности оказывает значительное влияние на полученные значения. Показан физический смысл ряда констант в предложенном уравнении, связывающем активность катализатора и распределение на его поверхности водорода по теплотам адсорбции

Study of fertility and cytogenetic variability in androgenic plants (R0 and R1) of alloplasmic introgression lines of common wheat

Anther culture is one of the methods to obtain DH lines of wheat. A limitation of this method can be cytogenetic instability in plants R0, leading to a decrease in fertility or sterility. In this study, we have investigated the fertility of R0, the fertility and cytogenetic variability of R1 in alloplasmatic introgression lines of common wheat in order to develop a cytogenetically stable DH lines with introgressions from different species. Lines 311/134, 311/FL, 311/IR with the cytoplasm from H. vulgare were studied. 311/134 carries the wheat-rye 1RS.1BL and wheatwheatgrass 7DL-7Ai translocations; 311/FL has the 1RS.1BL translocation and probably introgressions from A. glaucum; and 311/IR has the wheat-rye 1RS.1BL and wheat-Ae. speltoides T2B/2S#2 translocations. Green seedlings developed in anther culture for all lines. Differences between the lines in the ability for androgenesis and in the level of fertility in R0 and R1 have been revealed. Depressed androgenesis, low fertility and high aneuploidy were observed in 311/IR. It has been proposed that the reason for this is cytogenetic instability in gametes, which is caused by Gc genes located on T2B/2S#2. 63.3 % of 311/134 and 311/FL R1 plants that were grown from low seed-set R0 plants were aneuploids. Fertile R0 regenerant plants were identified that segregated in R1 for fertility and chromosome numbers. It has been demonstrated that DH lines are best developed from highfertility R1 plants with 2n = 42 irrespective of fertility in R0

ДИССЕМИНИРОВАННЫЙ И ГЕНЕРАЛИЗОВАННЫЙ ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗ ЛЕГКИХ И ОППОРТУНИСТИЧЕСКИЕ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯ У БОЛЬНЫХ НА ПОЗДНИХ СТАДИЯХ ВИЧ-ИНФЕКЦИИ С ИММУНОСУПРЕССИЕЙ

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Мультидисциплинарный подход к диагностике неспецифической интерстициальной пневмонии (клиническое наблюдение)

Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) is one of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. NSIP is characterized by non-specific clinical, radiologic, and morphological patterns; thereby, multidisciplinary approach is most reasonable to diagnose NSIP. A clinical case of NSIP is reported in the article. The case demonstrated that the multi-slice computed tomography of the lungs is more valuable to diagnose NSIP compared to the lung tissue biopsy, as typical morphological signs are absent. The multidisciplinary approach was also very useful in this case.Одной из форм идиопатической интерстициальной пневмонии является неспецифическая интерстициальная пневмония (НСИП), особенность которой заключается в неспецифичности клинической, рентгенологической и морфологической картины. По данным приведенного клинического наблюдения показано, что в отсутствие патогномоничных гистологических маркеров НСИП существенно понижается ценность проведения биопсии легких как диагностического метода в этой ситуации и в большей степени определяется важность других инструментальных методов, в первую очередь мультиспиральной компьютерной томографии. По данным представленного клинического наблюдения продемонстрирована эффективность мультидисциплинарного подхода с привлечением различных специалистов при диагностике НСИП