Oral History Interview: Orville R. Stone

This interview is one of a series conducted concerning rural life in West Virginia. The main focus is education. Mr. Orville R. Stone talks about growing up in Putnam County, West Virginia, including the topics of education, teaching, preserving food, funerals, recreation, superstitions, courting, holidays, and medicines. At the time of the interview, Mr. Stone was residing in Liberty, West Virginia.https://mds.marshall.edu/oral_history/1128/thumbnail.jp

Remote observations of severe storms

A lightning detection system which has been operating along the East Coast since August 1982 is outlined. The system will prove to be one source of ground truth for lightning flashes detected from above clouds. The first absolute spectral irradiance measurements over a wide wavelength range were reported. The observations of lightning from a U2 aircraft are reviewed

Unexpected accounting?

From sections of the Code of Hammurabi, it appears that records on clay tablets, corresponding to our modern business papers, were required by law in most important transactions

Accounting 101 four thousand years ago

Many accounting teachers may be surprised to learn, however, that the roots of our profession go back much farther than that: at least to the training of young scribes in Mesopotamia over 4,000 years ago when Abraham was alive and the great king Hammurabi ruled the land

Nighttime observations of thunderstorm electrical activity from a high altitude airplane

Nocturnal thunderstorms were observed from above and features of cloud structure and lightning which are not generally visible from the ground are discussed. Most, lightning activity seems to be associated with clouds with strong convective cauliflower tops. In both of the storms lightning channels were visible in the clear air above the cloud. It is shown that substances produced by thunderstorm electrical discharges can be introduced directly into the stratosphere. The cause and nature of the discharges above the cloud are not clear. They may be produced by accumulations of space charge in the clear air above the cloud. The discharges may arise solely because of the intense electric fields produced by charges within the cloud. In the latter case the ions introduced by these discharges will increase the electrical conductivity of the air above the cloud and increase the conduction current that flows from the cloud to the electrosphere. More quantitative data at higher resolution may show significant spectral differences between cloud to ground and intracloud strokes. It is shown that electric field change data taken with an electric field change meter mounted in an airplane provide data on lightning discharges from above that are quite similar to those obtained from the ground in the past. The optical signals from dart leaders, from return strokes, and from continuing currents are recognizable, can be used to provide information on the fine structure of lightning, and can be used to distinguish between cloud to ground and intracloud flashes

The Ministry: An Empirical Analysis of Roles and Role Discord with Emphasis on Rural-Urban Differentials

Ministers occupy a status-position within a social system that carries a well-defined set of cultural expectations about their roles. The membership of the minister’s church, the community at large, and the minister himself formulate ideas and expectations about the function of his roles. Whenever the minister performs his roles in a manner that is contrary to the expectations of the membership of his church or the community the result is a role discord. Role discord also occurs when the minister performs his roles in a way that contradicts his own self-image of his roles. Therefore, this thesis will have as its main objective the discovery of conflict which exists between the ideal expectations that the membership has of the minister’s roles and his self-concept of these roles; and to test hypotheses concerning this conflict