Supercritical CO2 extraction of vegetable oils: determination of fatty acids concentration in sea buckthorn oil

[EN] The main focus of this project is the use supercritical CO2 extraction. The project is entirely focused on it in order to determine if scCO2 can be a proper replacement for soxhlet extraction . This extraction method has actually been used at industrial level but its scale can be much wider in the future, so it is the spotlight of further researches. As CO2 is not toxic and its use in supercritical fluid extraction leaves almost no waste, its application in a large range is a total environmental and economic revolution, so it could turn to be the most widespread process in food industry. For achieving the objective set, a comparison between the compositions of soxhlet extracts and scCO2 extracts has been done. For the determination of free fatty acid composition in each extract FAME(Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) method has been carried out, and the total lipid composition has been analysed by gas chromatography using a flame ionization detector (GC-FID)

Supercritical CO2 extraction of vegetable oils: determination of fatty acids concentration in sea buckthorn oil

[EN] The main focus of this project is the use supercritical CO2 extraction. The project is entirely focused on it in order to determine if scCO2 can be a proper replacement for soxhlet extraction . This extraction method has actually been used at industrial level but its scale can be much wider in the future, so it is the spotlight of further researches. As CO2 is not toxic and its use in supercritical fluid extraction leaves almost no waste, its application in a large range is a total environmental and economic revolution, so it could turn to be the most widespread process in food industry. For achieving the objective set, a comparison between the compositions of soxhlet extracts and scCO2 extracts has been done. For the determination of free fatty acid composition in each extract FAME(Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) method has been carried out, and the total lipid composition has been analysed by gas chromatography using a flame ionization detector (GC-FID)

Neurria eta integrazioa

168 p.Neurriaren teoria analisiaren adar bat da, neurriak, funtzio neurgarriak eta integrazioa ikertzen dituena. XX. mendearen hasieran, Henry Lebesguek bere izena duen teoria hori sortu zuen, Lebesgueren neurria eta Lebesgueren integrala, hain zuzen ere. Teoria horrek XX. mendearen lehen erdian garapen handia izan zuen, gaur egun erabiltzen dugun integrazio-ereduaren oinarriak finkatuz. Lan honek UPV/EHUko Matematikako graduan irakasten den Neurria eta Integrazioa nahitaezko irakasgaiaren programa garatzen du, eta graduko azken ikasturteko Analisi Funtzional irakasgairako oinarrizko prestakuntza ematen. Edukiei dagokienez, sei gai agertzen dira lan honetan. Horietatik bost irakasgaiaren programan agertzen diren gai-zerrendari lotuta daude, guztiek egitura berdina dutelarik: gaiari dagokion teoria azaltzen da, definizioak, teoremak, frogak eta adibideak, hain zuzen ere; eta azkenengo atalean ariketa-zerrenda. Era berean, gai bakoitzean agertzen diren matematikarien bizitzei buruzko zertzelada batzuk aipatzen dira. Seigarren gaian, aurreko bost gaiei buruzko ariketa berezien zerrenda bat dago

Zelan neurtzen dira Rn-ko multzoak ?

Duración (en horas): Más de 50 horas. Destinatario: Estudiante y DocenteLan honetan planteatzen den galderari erantzuteko egingo den bidea jarraituz, hauxe da aztertzen dena: zer adierazi nahi dugu “neurtu” esaten dugunean ?. Horren harira, multzo guztiak neur daitezke ala ez ? Erantzuna baiezkoa bada, zelan kalkulatzen da bere neurria ? Neurriaren ideiari lotuta edukiaren kontzeptua agertzen da eta bigarren pausu batean Lebesgueren integrazioa. Kasu praktiko baten bidez kontzeptu guzti hauek lantzen dira

Chitosan-Coated Alginate Microcapsules of a Full-Spectrum Cannabis Extract: Characterization, Long-Term Stability and In Vitro Bioaccessibility

Cannabinoids present in Cannabis sativa are increasingly used in medicine due to their therapeutic potential. Moreover, the synergistic interaction between different cannabinoids and other plant constituents has led to the development of full-spectrum formulations for therapeutic treatments. In this work, the microencapsulation of a full-spectrum extract via vibration microencapsulation nozzle technique using chitosan-coated alginate is proposed to obtain an edible pharmaceutical-grade product. The suitability of microcapsules was assessed by their physicochemical characterization, long-term stability in three different storage conditions and in vitro gastrointestinal release. The synthetized microcapsules contained mainly ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-type and cannabinol (CBN)-type cannabinoids and had a mean size of 460 ± 260 µm and a mean sphericity of 0.5 ± 0.3. The stability assays revealed that capsules should be stored only at 4 °C in darkness to maintain their cannabinoid profile. In addition, based on the in vitro experiments, a fast intestinal release of cannabinoids ensures a medium–high bioaccessibility (57–77%) of therapeutically relevant compounds. The full characterization of microcapsules indicates that they could be used for the design of further full-spectrum cannabis oral formulations.This research was funded by the Basque Government through the financial support as consolidated group of the Basque Research System (IT1213-19 and IT1446-22)

Matematika eta Euskal Dantzak

Mathematics and dance may be thought as disciplines very far away one from each other and it may seem that finding links between them is impossible, but in this paper we will show that this is not true. Wearing mathematical glasses, we will easily find basic geometrical concepts. On one hand, we will see that dancers, when organized in groups, form circumferences, rectangles and other polygons; on the other hand, we will describe symmetries among dancers’ positions, by means of rotations, translations and reflections. We will also describe other dances making use of deeper and less obvious concepts, such as permutations and combinations from combinatorics and braid theory from topology.; Pentsa daiteke matematika eta dantza bata bestetik oso urrun dauden diziplinak direla eta haien arteko loturak topatzea ezinezkoa dela. Artikulu honetan hori horrela ez dela erakutsiko dugu. Betaurreko matematikoak jantzita, geometriako oinarrizko kontzeptuak erraz aurkituko ditugu. Alde batetik, dantzariek, taldean antolatzean, zirkunferentziak, laukizuzenak eta beste poligono batzuk sortzen dituztela ikusiko dugu; bestetik, haien posizioen artean dauden simetriak deskribatuko ditugu biraketen, translazioen eta islapenen laguntzaz. Kontzeptu sakonagoak edo hain bistakoak ez direnak ere erabiliko ditugu zenbait dantza deskribatzeko, hala nola, konbinatoriako permutazioak eta konbinazioak, baita topologiaren barruan dagoen txirikorden teoria ere

Exploratory optimisation of a LC-HRMS based analytical method for untargeted metabolomic screening of Cannabis Sativa L. through Data Mining

Background Recent increase in public acceptance of cannabis as a natural medical alternative for certain neurological pathologies has led to its approval in different regions of the world. However, due to its previous illegal background, little research has been conducted around its biochemical insights. Therefore, in the current framework, metabolomics may be a suitable approach for deepening the knowledge around this plant species. Nevertheless, experimental methods in metabolomics must be carefully handled, as slight modifications can lead to metabolomic coverage loss. Hence, the main objective of this work was to optimise an analytical method for appropriate untargeted metabolomic screening of cannabis. Results We present an empirically optimised experimental procedure through which the broadest metabolomic coverage was obtained, in which extraction solvents for metabolite isolation, chromatographic columns for LC-qOrbitrap analysis and plant-representative biological tissues were compared. By exploratory means, it was determined that the solvent combination composed of CHCl3:H2O:CH3OH (2:1:1, v/v) provided the highest number of features from diverse chemical classes, as it was a two-phase extractant. In addition, a reverse phase 2.6 μm C18 100 Å (150 × 3 mm) chromatographic column was determined as the appropriate choice for adequate separation and further detection of the diverse metabolite classes. Apart from that, overall chromatographic peak quality provided by each column was observed and the need for batch correction methods through quality control (QC) samples was confirmed. At last, leaf and flower tissues resulted to provide complementary metabolic information of the plant, to the detriment of stem tissue, which resulted to be negligible. Significance It was concluded that the optimised experimental procedure could significantly ease the path for future research works related to cannabis metabolomics by LC-HRMS means, as the work was based on previous plant metabolomics literature. Furthermore, it is crucial to highlight that an optimal analytical method can vary depending on the main objective of the research, as changes in the experimental factors can lead to different outcomes, regardless of whether the results are better or worse.This work was financially supported by the Education Department of the Basque Country as a consolidated group of the Basque Research System (IT1213-19) and by Sovereign Fields S.L., in the framework of the project Metabolomic study of Cannabis Sativa L. cultivations and determination of contaminants in medical cannabis plants

Imprinted CDKN1C Is a Tumor Suppressor in Rhabdoid Tumor and Activated by Restoration of SMARCB1 and Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors

SMARCB1 is deleted in rhabdoid tumor, an aggressive paediatric malignancy affecting the kidney and CNS. We hypothesized that the oncogenic pathway in rhabdoid tumors involved epigenetic silencing of key cell cycle regulators as a consequence of altered chromatin-remodelling, attributable to loss of SMARCB1, and that this hypothesis if proven could provide a biological rationale for testing epigenetic therapies in this disease. We used an inducible expression system to show that the imprinted cell cycle inhibitor CDKN1C is a downstream target for SMARCB1 and is transcriptionally activated by increased histone H3 and H4 acetylation at the promoter. We also show that CDKN1C expression induces cell cycle arrest, CDKN1C knockdown with siRNA is associated with increased proliferation, and is able to compete against the anti-proliferative effect of restored SMARCB1 expression. The histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), Romidepsin, specifically restored CDKN1C expression in rhabdoid tumor cells through promoter histone H3 and H4 acetylation, recapitulating the effect of SMARCB1 on CDKNIC allelic expression, and induced cell cycle arrest in G401 and STM91-01 rhabdoid tumor cell lines. CDKN1C expression was also shown to be generally absent in clinical specimens of rhabdoid tumor, however CDKN1A and CDKN1B expression persisted. Our observations suggest that maintenance of CDKN1C expression plays a critical role in preventing rhabdoid tumor growth. Significantly, we report for the first time, parallels between the molecular pathways of SMARCB1 restoration and Romidepsin treatment, and demonstrate a biological basis for the further exploration of histone deacetylase inhibitors as relevant therapeutic reagents in the treatment of rhabdoid tumor