Evaluation of Residual Monomer Release After Polymerization of Colored Compomer Materials

Objective: To evaluate the amount of residual monomers released after polymerization by the compomers in different colors and viscosities over time. Material and Methods: The compomer samples of different colors and viscosities (flowable compomers; blue-pink and packable compomers; A2-blue-pink-gold) were prepared in molds with an inner diameter of 5 mm and a height of 2 mm. In polymerization of samples, a LED unit was used. The amount of monomers released from the samples kept in 75% ethanol/water solution was measured by a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) instrument in the 10th minute, in the 1st hour, and in the 1st, 7th, and 14th days. For statistical analyses, the paired sample t-test, independent sample t-test, and one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test were used. Results: The amount of residual monomers released from all materials increased over time. At the end of the 14th day, the most released monomer from all compomer samples was BisGMA. The total amounts of released monomers from the packable compomers were Gold>A2>blue>pink. The amount of residual monomers released from flowable compomers was higher in blue than in pink. Conclusion: The color and the viscosity are the factors affecting the residual monomer release in compomers

Evaluation of Residual Monomer Release After Polymerization of Colored Compomer Materials

Objective: To evaluate the amount of residual monomers released after polymerization by the compomers in different colors and viscosities over time. Material and Methods: The compomer samples of different colors and viscosities (flowable compomers; blue-pink and packable compomers; A2-blue-pink-gold) were prepared in molds with an inner diameter of 5 mm and a height of 2 mm. In polymerization of samples, a LED unit was used. The amount of monomers released from the samples kept in 75% ethanol/water solution was measured by a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) instrument in the 10th minute, in the 1st hour, and in the 1st, 7th, and 14th days. For statistical analyses, the paired sample t-test, independent sample t-test, and one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test were used. Results: The amount of residual monomers released from all materials increased over time. At the end of the 14th day, the most released monomer from all compomer samples was BisGMA. The total amounts of released monomers from the packable compomers were Gold>A2>blue>pink. The amount of residual monomers released from flowable compomers was higher in blue than in pink. Conclusion: The color and the viscosity are the factors affecting the residual monomer release in compomers

Synthesis, Antiproliferative Activity and In Silico Studies of Chalcones Derived From 4-(Imidazole-1-yl)Acetophenone

In this study, the synthesis of chalcone compounds (1-11) derived from 4-(imidazol-1-yl)acetophenone and the structure determination of these compounds by various spectroscopic methods were carried out. The anticancer activities of compounds 1-11 were examined against HeLa and PC-3 cancer cells at four different concentrations (100, 50, 25, and 5 µM) using the BrdU ELISA assay. It was determined that all molecules except compounds 1 and 6 in HeLa cancer cells and compounds 2 and 8 against PC-3 cancer cells were more active against HeLa and PC-3 than the standard drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The best activity against PC-3 cancer cells was compound 4 (IC50: 1.39±0.00 µM). In addition, compound 11 (IC50: 1.58±0.01 µM) was found to have the highest activity against HeLa cancer cells. Compound 4 against PC-3 cancer cell and compound 11 against HeLa cancer cell displayed cell selective activity. The ADME properties and drug similarities of the molecules 1-11 using the SwissADME software were investigated. According to these properties, compounds 1-11 were found to obey Lipinski rules

The role of biochemical parameters in detecting myocardial injury in coronary artery and vardiac valve surgery

Bu çalışmanın amacı kardiyopulmoner bypass (KPB) uygulaması yapılan hastalarda AST, CK-MB ve Troponin I parametrelerinin koroner arter cerrahisi ve kalp kapak cerrahisinin postoperatif döneminde oluşabilecek miyokardiyal hasarın takibinde duyarlılıklarının ölçülmesidir. Biyokimyasal parametrelerin ameliyat çeşidine göre miyokardiyal hasardaki duyarlılıkları karşılaştırılmıştır. Çalışmaya 18 yaş ve üzeri hastalar dahil edilmiştir. Koroner arter cerrahisi uygulanan 25 hasta (GRUP A), kalp kapak cerrahisi uygulanan 25 hasta (GRUP B) olmak üzere toplam 50 hasta çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Biyokimyasal belirteçlerin ve arter kan gazı değerlerinin istatistiğinin yapılması amacıyla preoperatif, peroperatif ve postoperatif dönemlerde alınan kan örnekleri geriye dönük olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Verilerin istatistiksel analizinde IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0 kullanılmıştır (p<0,05). Postoperatif laktat seviyesi Grup A'da Grup B'ye göre düşük (p<0,05) ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur. Postoperatif biyokimya analizleri incelendiğinde AST ve Troponin I seviyelerinin iki grup arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark oluşturduğu saptanmıştır. AST seviyesi Grup B de Grup A'ya göre daha yüksek iken, Troponin I seviyesi Grup A da Grup B'ye göre daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Gelişen teknolojiye ve artan tecrübeye rağmen açık kalp cerrahisinde uygulanan ekstrakorporal dolaşım doku ve organlarda hasara sebebiyet vermektedir. Oluşan bu hasarın teşhisinde birden fazla parametreden faydalanılır. Çalışmamızda ise cerrahi sonrası gelişen miyokard hasarı teşhis ve takibinde biyokimyasal belirteçlerin rolü ve önemi belirtilmiştir.The aim of this study is measuring the susceptibilities of AST, CK-MB and Troponin I parameters on the cardiopulmoner bypass applicated (KPB) patients on the follow-up of myocardial damage that may occur on post-operative period of coronary artery and cardiac valve surgeries. The susceptibilities of biochemical parameters are compared regarding to surgery type. The participants are picked from the patients of 18 years old and above. 50 patients are included to the study, 25 of whom were coronary artery surgery applied (GROUP A), and 25 of whom were cardiac valve surgery applied (GROUP B). On the purpose of producing the statistics of biochemical markers and artery blood gas values, the blood samples taken on preoperative, peroperative and postoperative periods were retrospectively evaluated. IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0 were used on statistical analysis of the data (p<0,05). The level of postoperative lactate on Group A is lower than Group B(p<0,05) and it is significant statistically. Researching postoperative biochemical analysis, it is detected that AST and Troponin I levels generate a statistically significant difference between two groups. It is founded that, when the AST level on Group B is higher than Group A, the Troponin I level on Group A is higher than Group B(p<0,05). Despite the improving technology and more experiencing, the extracorporal circulation that is applied on open heart surgery damages the tissues and organs. More than one parameter is used on the diagnosis of this damage. In our present study the role and the importance of biochemical markers on the follow-up and diagnosis of the post-operative myocardial damage are indicated

2,5 - disübstitüe - 1,3,4 - tiyadiazol türevi bileşiklerin sentezi ve biyolojik aktiviteleri.

İlaçlara direnç gelişmesi nedeniyle mikobakteriyel enfeksiyonların tedavisi, özellikle tüberküloz önemli bir problem olmuştur. Bu nedenle antitüberküloz ilaç geliştirmek amacıyla sübstitüe 1,3,4-tiyadiazoller sentezlenmiştir. Araştırmamızda, başlangıç maddesi olan 4-sübstitüe benzoik asit hidrazidleri, sodyum hidroksidli ortamda 4-sübstitüe benzoil klorürün fenol ile esterleştirilmesi, bunu takiben oluşan esterin, susuz metanol içinde hidrazin hidrat ile reaksiyona sokulması ile elde edilmişlerdir. 1-Aroil-4-ariltiyosemikarbazidler, 4-sübstitüe benzoik asit hidrazidlerin ve izoniyazidin etanollü veya asetonitrilli ortamda farklı arilizotiyasiyanatlara katımı ile kazanılmıştır. 2,5-Disübstitüe-1,3,4-tiyadiazol türevleri, 1-aroil-4-ariltiyosemikarbazidlerin asidik ortamda siklizasyonundan oluşmuşlardır. Bu çalışmada, 36 bileşik sentezlenmiş olup bunlardan 22 tanesi orijinaldir. Bileşiklerin yapıları UV, IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR ve Kütle spektroskopisi ve elemental analiz ile (C, H, N, S) kanıtlanmıştır. Bileşiklerin IR spektrumunda, N-H, C=N ve C-S-C gerilme bandları sırasıyla 3392-3174 cm-1, 1631-1595 cm-1 ve 701-635 cm-1 bölgesinde; diğer bandları beklenen bölgelerde gözlenmiştir. Bileşiklerin 1H-NMR spektrumlarında, N-H protonu 10.41-11.40 ppm'de görülmüştür. Bileşiklerin kütle spektrumları, moleküler iyon piki göstermişlerdir. Sentezlenen tüm bileşiklerin antitüberküloz aktivitesi BACTEC 460 Radyometrik Sistem kullanılarak Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv'e karşı Tuberculosis Antimicrobial Acquisition and Coordinating Facility (TAACF) Southern Research Institute tarafından taranmıştır. Antitüberküloz sonuçları, 2-fenilamino-5-(4-fluorofenil)-1,3,4-tiyadiazolün (4a) Mycobacterium tuberculosis büyümesini in vitro olarak 6.25 µl/ml konsantrasyonda % 69 oranında inhibe ettiğini göstermiştir. Aktivite için tiyadiazol halkasının 5-konumuna bağlı fenil grubunun 4-konumunda fluor bulunmasının inhibisyonu olumlu yönde etkilediği saptanmıştır. Diğer fenil halkasında sübstitüent içeren 5-nonsübstitüefenil türevlerinde, aktivite sırası H>F>Br>Cl>CH3>NO2 şeklindedir. Nonsübstitüe veya sübstitüefenil halkasının, piridil halkası ile yer değiştirilmesi aktiviteyi düşürmüştür. 4a, 1a, 6c, 3d, 6b ve 4d bileşikleri antitüberküloz ajanların geliştirilmesi için önder bileşikler olabilirler. The Synthesis And Biological Activities of 2,5-Disubstituted-1,3,4-Thiadiazole Derivatives The treatment of mycobacterial infections especially tuberculosis has become an important problem due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant. Therefore the substituted 1,3,4-thiadiazoles were synthesized for the development of antituberculosis agents. In our research, the starting compound, 4-substituted benzoic acid hydrazides were prepared by esterification of 4-substituted benzoyl chloride with phenol in sodium hydroxide, followed by reaction with hydrazine hydrate in dry methanol. 1-Aroyl-4-arylthiosemicarbazides were obtained from the treatment of 4-substituted benzoic acid hydrazides and isoniazid to different aryl isothiocyanate in ethanol or acetonitrile. 2,5-Disubstituted-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives were produced from the cyclization of 1-aroyl-4-arylthiosemicar-bazides in acidic medium. In this study, thirty six compounds were synthesized and twenty two of them were original. The structure of compounds were proved by UV, IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and Mass spectroscopy and elemental analysis (C, H, N, S). In the IR spectrum of the compounds, the N-H, C=N and C-S-C stretching bands observed at 3392-3174 cm-1, 1631-1595 cm-1 and 701-635 cm-1 regions respectively. The other bands of the compounds were observed in the expected regions. In the 1H-NMR spectrum of thiadiazole, the N-H proton was appeared at 10.41-11.40 ppm. Mass spectra of compounds revealed molecular ion peaks. Antituberculosis activity of the synthesized compounds were screened using BACTEC 460 Radiometric system against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv by Tuberculosis Antimicrobial Acquisition and Coordinating Facility (TAACF) Southern Research Institute. The antituberculosis results indicated that 2-phenylamino-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole (4a) inhibited the ratio of 69 % in vitro growing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis exhibiting the MIC values of 6.25 µl/ml. It was observed that for the activity, phenyl group of thiadiazole ring at 5-position which had fluoro atom at 4-position, effected the inhibition in positive way. In the 5-nonsubstituted phenyl derivatives carrying substituent in the other phenyl ring, the activity order is H>F>Br>Cl>CH3>NO2 . Replacement of the nonsubstituted or substitutedphenyl ring with the pyridyl ring decreases the activity. The compounds 4a, 1a, 6c, 3d, 6b and 4d could be the leader compounds for the development of antituberculosis agents

Protective effect of kombucha mushroom (KM) tea on phenol-induced cytotoxicity in albino mice

ORUC, Ertan/0000-0003-4234-8219WOS: 000281449200011PubMed: 21387911The present study was carried out to evaluate the protective role of kombucha mushroom (KM) tea on cytotoxicity induced by phenol (PHE) in mice. We used weight gain and micronucleus (MN) frequency as indicators of cytotoxicity, and supported these parameters with pathological findings. The animals were randomly divided into seven groups: (Group I) only tap water (Group II)1000 mu l kg(-1) b. wt KM-tea, (Group III) 35 mg kg(-1) body wt. PHE (Group IV) 35 mg kg(-1) body wt. PHE + 250 mu l kg(-1) b. wt KM-tea (Group V) 35 mg kg(-1) b. wt PHE + 500 mu l kg(-1) b. wt KM-tea (Group VI) 35 mg kg(-1) b. wt PHE + 750 mu l kg(-1) b. wt KM-tea, (Group VII) 35 mg kg(-1) b. wt PHE + 1000 mu l kg(-1) b. wt KM-tea, for 20 consecutive days by oral gavage. The results indicated that all KM-tea supplemented mice showed a lower MN frequency than erythrocytes in only PHE-treated group. There was an observable regression on account of lesions in tissues of mice supplemented with different doses of KM-tea in histopathological observations. In conclusion, the KM-tea supplementation decreases cytotoxicity induced by PHE and its protective role is dose-dependent.Scientific Researches Unit (BAB) of Giresun UniversityGiresun UniversityWe thank Dr. Perihan Guler, Faculty of Science and Art Faculty, Kirikkale University, Turkey, for starter culture of KM-tea. Besides, we thank Scientific Researches Unit (BAB) of Giresun University for financial support

Protective Role of Ginkgo biloba Against Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity in Uranium-Treated Mice

ORUC, Ertan/0000-0003-4234-8219WOS: 000274329600025PubMed: 20136453The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective role of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract against uranium (U)-induced toxicity in Swiss albino mice. The mice were randomly divided into six groups, each consisting of six animals: Group I (control) received tap water alone, Group II received U at a dose of 5 mg/kg of body weight, Group III received G. biloba at a dose of 50 mg/kg of body weight, Group IV received G. biloba at a dose of 150 mg/kg of body weight, Group V received G. biloba (50 mg/kg of body weight) and U (5 mg/kg of body weight), and Group VI received G. biloba (150 mg/kg of body weight) and U (5 mg/kg of body weight) by oral gavage for 5 days. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine levels were determined to assess liver and kidney function, respectively. Also, liver and kidney samples were taken for the determination of tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, and histopathological changes in liver and kidneys were investigated. The results indicated that there was a significant increase (P<.05) in selected serum parameters. Serum AST, ALT, BUN, and creatinine levels significantly increased in mice treated with U alone when compared to the other groups. Moreover, U-induced oxidative damage caused a significant decrease in GSH levels and a significant increase in MDA levels of liver and kidney tissues. Treatment with G. biloba produced amelioration in biochemical indices of hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity according to Group II. Each dose of G. biloba provided significant protection against U-induced toxicity, and its strongest effect was observed at a dose of 150 mg/kg of body weight. In vivo results showed that G. biloba extract is a potent protector against U-induced toxicity, and its protective role is dose-dependent.Giresun University Scientific Research Projects DepartmentGiresun UniversityThis study was supported by grants from Giresun University Scientific Research Projects Department