Gamma-rays from the compact colliding wind region in Cyg OB2 #5

In this contribution we model the non-thermal emission (from radio to gamma-rays) produced in the compact (and recently detected) colliding wind region in the multiple stellar system Cyg OB2 #5. We focus our study on the detectability of the produced gamma-rays.Comment: To appear in the proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on High-Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy (Gamma2012), held in Heidelberg, July 9-13, 201

El cine de Jim Jarmusch. El deseo puesto en movimiento

En el cine contemporáneo resulta cada vez más difícil distinguir al "cine de arte" (o de autor) del "cine comercial", casi se podría hablar de una categoría de tipo "cine-de-autor-no-obstante-comercial" puesto que, en la mayoría de los casos, tales categorías se han vuelto indiscernibles, sin embargo, todavía quedan resquicios fílmicos, centrados en preocupaciones visuales y narrativas que nada tienen que ver con asuntos de mercado, producciones como las de Jim Jarmusch, que resultan realmente extrañas en estos tiempos donde la percepción ya no es suficiente para captar tanta acción, además de que el tiempo se ha vuelto sinónimo de productividad, y por ende, cualquier desplazamiento responde al orden de lo necesario, es decir, no puede verse como finalidad en sí mismo

Integrating anaerobic digestion and slow pyrolysis improves the product portfolio of a cocoa waste biorefinery

The integration of conversion processes with anaerobic digestion is key to increase value from agricultural waste, like cocoa pod husks, generated in developing countries. The production of one metric ton of cocoa beans generates some 15 metric tonnes of organic waste that is today underutilized. This waste can be converted into added value products by anaerobic digestion, converting part of the cocoa pods to biogas while releasing nutrients, and pyrolysis. Here, we compared different scenarios for anaerobic digestion/slow pyrolysis integration in terms of product portfolio (i.e., biogas, pyrolysis liquids, biochar and pyrolysis gases), energy balance and potential for chemicals production. Slow pyrolysis was performed at 350 degrees C and 500 degrees C on raw cocoa pod husks, as well as on digestates obtained from mono-digestion of cocoa pod husks and co-digestion with cow manure. Anaerobic digestion resulted in 20 to 25 wt% of biogas for mono and co-digestion, respectively. Direct pyrolysis of cocoa pod husks mainly resulted in biochar with a maximum yield of 48 wt%. Anaerobic digestion induced compositional changes in the resulting biochar, pyrolysis liquids and evolved gases after pyrolysis. Pyrolysis of mono-digestatee.g., resulted in a more energy-dense organic phase, rich in valuable phenolics while poorer in light oxygenates that hold a modest value. Our comparison shows that co-digestion/slow pyrolysis at 500 degrees C and mono-digestion/slow pyrolysis at 350 degrees C both present high-potential biorefinery schemes. They can be self-sustaining in terms of energy, while resulting in high quality biochar for nutrient recycling and/or energy recovery, and/or phenolics-rich pyrolysis liquids for further upgrading into biorefinery intermediates

Multi-Epoch VLBA Observations of the Compact Wind-Collision Region in the Quadruple System Cyg OB2 #5

We present multi--epoch VLBA observations of the compact wind collision region in the Cyg OB2 #5 system. These observation confirm the arc-shaped morphology of the emission reported earlier. The total flux as a function of time is roughly constant when the source is "on", but falls below the detection limit as the wind collision region approaches periastron in its orbit around the contact binary at the center of the system. In addition, at one of the "on" epochs, the flux drops to about a fifth of its average value. We suggest that this apparent variation could result from the inhomogeneity of the wind that hides part of the flux rather than from an intrinsic variation. We measured a trigonometrical parallax, for the most compact radio emission of 0.61 $\pm$ 0.22 mas, corresponding to a distance of 1.65 $^{+0.96}_{-0.44}$ kpc, in agreement with recent trigonometrical parallaxes measured for objects in the Cygnus X complex. Using constraints on the total mass of the system and orbital parameters previously reported in the literature, we obtain two independent indirect measurements of the distance to the Cyg OB2 #5 system, both consistent with 1.3--1.4 kpc. Finally, we suggest that the companion star responsible for the wind interaction, yet undetected, is of spectral type between B0.5 to O8.Comment: manuscript format, 24 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journa

Desafío Tier 4: nuevas preguntas, nuevas respuestas

Este artículo nace de la necesidad de saber y de la voluntad de comunicar. Los fabricantes de tractores ponen a nuestra disposición información descriptiva e interesante pero poco profunda en relación con el efecto de los nuevos diseños en los niveles de emisiones. Por otro lado la bibliografía científico-técnica es profusa y está atomizada en múltiples artículos diseminados en numerosas publicaciones de relevancia todas ellas en lengua inglesa. En este contexto, nosotros hemos procurado aunar lo mejor de cada entorno para ofrecer un resumen amplio y muy actualizado que pueda ser asimilado por una amplia audienci

Fundamentos jurídicos para regular la elección del Régimen Patrimonial en la unión de hecho en el Perú

El objetivo de estudiar los fundamentos jurídicos del régimen patrimonial en la unión de hecho en el Perú, permite determinar los fundamentos jurídicos del régimen patrimonial de separación de bienes para implementarlos en la regulación de la unión de hecho, además de analizar el régimen de separación de bienes en la doctrina y la legislación peruana, analizar el principio - derecho de protección de la familia y su implicancia en las uniones de hecho, relacionar el derecho de igualdad ante la ley con la elección de regímenes patrimoniales en la unión de hecho, identificar la autonomía de la voluntad en la posibilidad de regular la separación de bienes en las uniones de hecho, mostrar la importancia de la transcendencia registral dentro de la elección de regímenes patrimoniales en las uniones de hecho, analizar la realidad jurídica de la separación de bienes en las uniones de hecho y evaluar las opiniones de especialistas y abogados litigantes sobre la implementación de la elección de regímenes patrimoniales en la unión de hecho. Según el propósito de la investigación es básica porque permite dar solución al problema, según el alcance o nivel de la investigación es descriptiva, según el diseño es no experimental y según la secuencia temporal es transversal porque se recoge información en un solo periodo de tiempo. Finalmente, se llegó a la conclusión que los fundamentos jurídicos regulan la elección del régimen patrimonial “unión de hecho” son: los principios constitucionales de protección de la familia, el derecho de igualdad ante la ley, autonomía de la voluntad de los integrantes de las uniones de hecho, y el principio de trascendencia registral.The objective of studying the legal foundations of the patrimonial regime in the de facto union in Peru, allows to determine the legal foundations of the patrimonial regime of separation of assets to implement them in the regulation of the de facto union, in addition to analyzing the regime of separation of goods in the Peruvian doctrine and legislation, to analyze the principle - right of protection of the family and its implication in de facto unions, to relate the right of equality before the law with the choice of patrimonial systems in the de facto union, to identify the autonomy of the will in the possibility of regulating the separation of property in de facto unions, showing the importance of the importance of registration within the choice of patrimonial regimes in de facto unions, analyzing the legal reality of the separation of property in de facto unions, de facto unions and evaluate the opinions of specialists and trial lawyers on the implementation of the election of reg Property taxes in the de facto union. According to the purpose of the investigation, it is basic because it allows solving the problem, according to the scope or level of the investigation, it is descriptive, according to the non-experimental design, and according to the temporal sequence, it is transversal because information is collected in a single period of time. Finally, it was concluded that the legal foundations that regulate the choice of the patrimonial regime "de facto union" are: the constitutional principles of protection of the family, the right of equality before the law, autonomy of the will of the members of de facto unions, and the principle of registration transcendence

Tissue biochemical diversity of 20 gooseberry cultivars and the effect of ethylene supplementation on postharvest life

The European gooseberry (Ribes uva-crispa) is still an understudied crop with limited data available on its biochemical profile and postharvest life. A variety of polyphenols were detected in the skin and flesh of 20 gooseberry cvs, representing mainly flavonol glycosides, anthocyanins and flavan-3-ols. In contrast, gooseberry seeds were for the first time characterised by the presence of considerable amounts of hydroxycinnamic acid glycosides tentatively identified by UPLC-QToF/MS. All cvs examined represented a good source of vitamin C while being low in sugar. Furthermore, the postharvest stability of bioactives was explored by supplementation of exogenous ethylene in air at 5 °C. Results suggest a low sensitivity of gooseberries to ethylene. The overall quality of gooseberries remained stable over two weeks, showing potential for extended bioactive life

Entomological characterization of malaria in northern Colombia through vector and parasite species identification, and analyses of spatial distribution and infection rates

Background: Malaria remains a worldwide public health concern and, in Colombia, despite the efforts to stop malaria transmission, the incidence of cases has increased over the last few years. In this context, it is necessary to evaluate vector diversity, infection rates, and spatial distribution, to better understand disease transmission dynamics. This information may contribute to the planning and development of vector control strategies. Results: A total of 778 Anopheles mosquitoes were collected in fifteen localities of Córdoba from August 2015 to October 2016. Six species were identified and overall, Anopheles albimanus was the most widespread and abundant species (83%). Other species of the Nyssorhynchus subgenus were collected, including Anopheles triannulatus (13%), Anopheles nuneztovari (1%), Anopheles argyritarsis (< 1%) and two species belonging to the Anopheles subgenus: Anopheles pseudopunctipennis (3%) and Anopheles neomaculipalpus (< 1%). Four species were found naturally infected with two Plasmodium species: Anopheles nuneztovari was detected naturally infected with Plasmodium falciparum and Anopheles pseudopunctipennis with Plasmodium vivax, whereas An. albimanus and An. triannulatus were found infected with both parasite species and confirmed by nested PCR. Conclusions: In general, the obtained results were contrasting with previous studies in terms of the most abundant and widespread collected species, and regarding infection rates, which were higher than those previously reported. A positive relationship between mosquito local abundance at the locality level and human infection at the municipality level was found. Mosquito local abundance and the number of houses with mosquitoes in each village are factors explaining malaria human cases in these villages. The obtained results suggest that other factors related to the apparent variation in malaria eco-epidemiology in northern Colombia, must be identified, to provide health authorities with better decision tools aiming to design control and prevention strategies