El debate como herramienta de aprendizaje

En el texto se presenta la experiencia derivada de la implementación del proyecto de innovación docente titulado. El debate como herramienta de aprendizaje. Con este proyecto se pretendía crear una experiencia de participación activa de los estudiantes en un recurso educativo: la realización de debates como herramienta para el aprendizaje. La utilización del debate puede ser una estrategia muy útil para el desarrollo intelectual del estudiante y para conectar los temas que se tratan en la universidad con los problemas sociales. De este modo la formación que recibe el alumnado va más allá de la mera adquisición de conocimientos y entronca directamente con el paradigma actual que entiende la universidad como una institución en la que se proporciona una formación integral a los estudiantes

The role of absorptive capacity and organizational unlearning in the link between social media and service dominant orientation

Purpose – This paper aims to study the relationship between the knowledge obtained in social networks by firms together with the firms’ knowledge absorptive capacity and organizational unlearning as influencers of service-dominant (S-D) orientation, as well as the mediating role of absorption capacity and organizational unlearning in this process. Design/methodology/approach – The sample amounts to 101 responding companies, obtained from the SABI database. The companies belong to the service sector in Spain and have at least 50 employees and 5 years or more of existence in the market. The model was estimated through partial least squares structural equation modeling with smartPLS software 3.2.6. Findings – The results show that the use of social media is very important for firms to acquire knowledge and capabilities that help them to become S-D oriented. In addition, absorptive capacity and unlearning processes are dynamic capabilities necessary to transform the knowledge acquired in social media and to become S-D oriented. Research limitations/implications – Companies’ managers draw conclusions that can generate great value, while better meeting the needs and desires of the market, the more knowledge is obtained. In addition, the use of the knowledge generated in this process will reduce the risk of sudden changes in the market. Practical implications – The more knowledge is gained using social networks, the better the companies’ managers will be able to draw conclusions that can generate great value, while at the same time better satisfying the needs and desires of the market, and thus create capacities that allow the company to be service-oriented. In addition, the use of these knowledge platforms strengthens the strategic advantage of companies through the promotion of innovation and by relating dynamic capabilities with the orientation toward sustainable development. As mentioned above, a process will be generated that will reduce the risk of sudden changes in the market. Originality/value – This is one of the few studies trying to study the antecedents of S-D orientation and the first to study the direct effect of social media use, and the direct and indirect effect of absorptive capacity and organizational unlearning on S-D orientation as dynamic capabilities.Foundation for Science and Technology UIDB/04630/202

Linking market orientation, innovation, unlearning and performance: A multiple mediation model.

Many studies uphold market orientation as a key factor in creating and sustaining a firm’s competitive advantage. The present research model explores this topic further by including within the model the links between organizations’ innovation outcomes, its process of organizational unlearning and business performance. In particular, the model empirically tests the mediating role of innovation outcomes and organizational unlearning in the relationship between market orientation and business performance. The present study uses a sample of 145 firms from the Spanish automotive components manufacturing sector and employs partial least squares (PLS) in order to test the research hypothese

Linking an unlearning context with firm performance through human capital

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship among organisational unlearning, human capital and firm performance. In doing so, this paper comprehensively reviewed the literature on the unlearning concept, and developed and validated a model to measure unlearning in 112 companies listed on the Spanish Stock Exchange. The methodology involved the construction and analysis of a structural model using both subjective and objective criteria in our measurement variables, developed from a relevant literature review. Our findings show that managers need to develop an unlearning context process to create human capital, which is a primordial asset to improve firm performance

La pobreza en América Latina: un análisis descriptivo del siglo XXI

La pobreza es un tema notable a nivel mundial y sobre todo para América Latina, siendo para las diferentes administraciones un gran enigma aún sin zanjar. Son muchos los indicadores que existen para medirla, pero ningún método es por sí solo suficiente, por lo que el uso combinado de los mismos puede ser la opción más acertada para la cuantificación de la pobreza. Por ello, el objetivo de esta investigación es analizar y comparar la pobreza, así como su evolución, en los países de América Latina desde el año 2000 hasta la actualidad. Para lograrlo, se utiliza una serie de indicadores obtenidos del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID). De un lado se compara el comportamiento, de manera indirecta, en términos de renta, y de otra se elabora un índice, que de manera directa, mide el acceso a necesidades básicas de la población

Exploring fitness centre consumer loyalty: differences of non-profit and low-cost business models in Spain

A number of studies have placed at the forefront variables that predict the loyalty of clients in fitness centres. In fact, no study has analysed the differences between these variables according to business models. The objective of this study was to analyse the relationship between quality, value, satisfaction and the future intentions of clients of public and private low-cost fitness centres and their differences. A questionnaire was administered to a sample of 1805 fitness centre clients. A confirmatory factor analysis and multi-group analysis was performed to test the difference between two invariance models. The findings indicate a greater weight in facilities and employees of the quality perceived from private low-cost fitness centres and a greater weight in programmes from public fitness centres. Furthermore, the relationship between the variables’ overall quality, perceived value, satisfaction and future intentions had a greater influence in private low-cost fitness centres than in public centres

Eficacia de la suplementación con β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) en el deporte: actualización e implicación práctica

Introduction: although β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) is generally marketed as a supplement for increasing muscle mass and strength, it is still not fully understood how and in which particular sports and conditions HMB can be more effective. Aims: the primary purpose of this review is to update and summarize the current knowledge about the usefulness of HMB and to organize this information by different sports with specific reference to sports with high wear and tear phenomena as soccer, rugby or football. Methods: a search was performed in PubMed database. This review presents the results about HMB use in sport. Results: the articles identified in this review support the notion that HMB could help to attenuate tissue catabolism and initiate muscle anabolism particularly in untrained individuals exposed to strenuous exercise or when trained individual are exposed to periods of high physical stress. HMB could therefore be applied in some specific periods of athlete’s season where there are high-intensity training periods, high density of competitions and little recovery time between them, starting recovery phases from an injury period and/or any other different situation where performance or recovery could be affected by a great catabolic environment. Conclusion: this update contributes to clarify and define possible mechanisms and/or effectiveness of HMB supplementation related to endurance sports (i.e. cycling and athletics), strength-power sports (i.e. resistance training, football, rugby, soccer, judo, waterpolo and rowing) and recreational activities.Introducción: aunque el β-hidroxi-β-metilbutirato (HMB) se ha empleado generalmente como suplemento para aumentar la masa muscular y la fuerza, es necesario un mejor entendimiento de su función y averiguar en qué deportes es más efectivo. Objetivos: el objetivo principal de esta revisión es actualizar y resumir el conocimiento existente en torno a la utilización del HMB para clasificarla en función de cada modalidad deportiva, con especial mención a aquellas actividades con un alto grado de destrucción muscular, como pueden ser el fútbol, el rugby o el fútbol americano. Métodos: se utilizó la base de datos PubMed para la búsqueda de artículos. Esta revisión presenta los resultados sobre la utilización de HMB clasificados por deportes. Resultados: la mayoría de los artículos seleccionados sugieren que cuando una persona entrenada o no entrenada se somete a un ejercicio intenso o diferente al habitual, el HMB puede atenuar el catabolismo muscular producido e iniciar los procesos anabólicos necesarios para recuperar lo antes posible. De esta forma, el HMB podría aplicarse en algunos momentos concretos de la temporada deportiva en los que hubiera períodos con entrenamientos de alta intensidad, o durante un periodo con alta densidad competitiva y con poca recuperación entre competiciones, o bien durante las primeras fases de la readaptación física después de una lesión y/o durante cualquier otra situación en la que el rendimiento o la recuperación se pueden ver afectados por un entorno altamente catabólico. Conclusión: esta revisión pretende aclarar y definir los posibles mecanismos por los que la suplementación con HMB puede ser efectiva en deportes de resistencia (ciclismo y carreras de fondo), en deportes de fuerza-potencia (fútbol, yudo, waterpolo, remo, fútbol americano y musculación) y en actividades deportivas recreacionales.This work was supported by the Andalusian Sports Medicine Centre (C.A.M.D.) through project no. EX-2005/07. FBO is granted by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (RYC-2011-09011)

Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells as a strategy to improve recovery after stroke

Introduction: Based on the positive results observed in experimental animal models, adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) constitute a promising therapy for stroke treatment. However, several aspects need to be clarified to identify the optimal conditions for successful clinical translation. Areas covered: This review focuses on AD-MSC treatment for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in experimental animal models. In addition, we will explore the optimization of treatment conditions including AD-MSC production, administration routes and therapeutic windows for their appropriate use in patients, and we will provide an update on clinical trials on this therapy. Expert opinion: Compared with other cell types, AD-MSCs have been less investigated in stroke studies. Currently, experimental animal models have shown safety and efficacy with this treatment after stroke. Due to several advantages of AD-MSCs, such as their abundance and accessibility, they can be considered a promising strategy for use in patients. However, many questions are still to be resolved regarding their mechanisms of action, immune system modulation and the effects of AD-MSCs on all components of the brain that may be affected after ischemic and hemorrhagic strokesThis project is supported by research grants PS12/01754 (Spanish Ministry of Science) and INVICTUS (RD12/0014/0006) (Spanish Neurovascular Network), and Research Institute Carlos III, Ministry Science and Innovatio

Adipose Tissue and Inflammation

Adipose tissue is composed mainly by adipocytes and stromal-vascular fraction, which are composed by different cell types including macrophages. There are three types of adipose tissue: brown (BrAT), white (WAT), and beige (BeAT). BrAT is less abundant and is implicated in lipid oxidation and energy balance; BeAT has the pathway of adaptive thermogenesis, and WAT is endocrine in nature and lipid storage site and is implicated as an endocrine organ that secretes hormones and different molecules. These molecules are pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors, including the adipokines leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and visfatin, as well as cytokines and chemokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, leptin, adiponectin, and others, are involved with the development of adipose tissue inflammation and obesity. This pathological condition, together with other factors such as oxidative stress, may develop insulin resistance and the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)

El Greenwashing o como destapar estrategias comerciales de ventas falsas que se apoyan en una filosofía "verde"

En nuestro trabajo partimos del estudio de la forma en que las empresas utilizan el Green Marketing en su estrategia comercial, y como lo “verde” se integra como una filosofía que está impregnada en la cultura empresarial de la organización. Partiendo de lo anterior, hemos descubierto que en muchos períodos esta estrategia verde es un argumento para obtener mejores resultados, más que una idea interiorizada en la organización, a esto es lo que denominamos Greenwashing. A lo largo del artículo hemos revisado la literatura que existe sobre el tema objeto de estudio, y como resultado hemos desarrollado un completo modelo teórico utilizando las variables más relevantes encontradas en esta investigación, y que mejor pueden estudiar este fenómeno del Greenwashing.In our work, we start from the study of how companies use Green Marketing in their business strategy, and how the "green" is integrated as a philosophy that is impregnated in the business culture of the organization. Based on the above, we have discovered that in many periods, this green strategy is an argument for better results, rather than an idea internalized in the organization, this is what we call Greenwashing. Throughout the article we have reviewed the literature that exists on the subject under study, and as a result we have developed a complete theoretical model using the most relevant variables found in this research, and that can best study this Greenwashing phenomenon