Prensa online-only española e ideología: análisis de elementos sociales y educativos

En el presente texto se pretende delinear de manera empírica el perfil ideológico que la prensa online-only española manifiesta en el tratamiento de algunos elementos relativos a la sociedad y a la educación. En línea con investigaciones previas que ya han abordado el estudio ideológico-político de la prensa online-only, y a partir de un marco teórico sobre prensa online e ideología, en este capítulo se utiliza una muestra de los diarios digitales más consultados de España, escogiendo como unidades de muestreo un conjunto de columnas de opinión (género donde el sesgo ideológico suele ser más o menos evidente) publicadas en los meses electorales de mayo de 2011 y junio de 2016. La muestra de columnas de cada mes es sometida a un análisis de contenido centrado (junto a otros elementos) en la variable socio-cultural de la ideología; variable de la que se han escogido cuatro tipos de categorías: los jóvenes, los mayores, las clases sociales y la educación (pública, privada y concertada). Dadas estas categorías, se pretende medir mediante un análisis de frecuencias el grado de conservadurismo o progresismo que posee la prensa online-only española. Para ello, y junto al número de menciones de cada elemento, se tiene en cuenta asimismo la valoración que hace el columnista sobre dichas menciones. Los resultados obtenidos permiten afirmar una evolución progresista de la prensa onlineonly española

Monitoring the performance of wastewater treatment plants for organic matter removal using excitation-emission matrix fluorescence

This study has assessed the usefulness of excitation-emission matrix fluorescence (EEMF) as a fast and simple analytical technique to track changes in dissolved organic matter (DOM) during the sequence of treatment in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Three different industrial wastewaters and treatment plants have been studied in this work: an industrial park wastewater treated in an independent line at the Burgos WWTP (Spain), a food industry wastewater (crisps and snacks manufacturing) that was treated in a MBR (Membrane Biological Reactor) pilot plant (University of Burgos) and a municipal landfill leachate treated in a physicochemical treatment plant within the same landfill. Removal percentages for the wastewater organic matter at each stage of the treatment plants were successfully obtained by monitoring the main fluorescence peaks: protein-like peaks (tryptophan-like peaks T1, T2 and tyrosine-like peaks B1, B2), humic-like peaks (fulvic-like peak A and humic-like peak C) and microbially-derived peak M. Therefore, EEMF readily allows the assessment of the reactivity of the different types of organic matter towards specific treatments, such as clarification, biodegradation, filtration, etc. Among the wastewaters studied, the food industry wastewater exhibited the greater diversity of fluorescence peaks (B1, B2, T1, T2, A1, A2 and M) whereas the landfill leachate only showed the presence of humic substances (mainly humic-like peak C). This study has demonstrated that EEMF is a useful and user-friendly technique to monitor the performance of wastewater treatment plants for organic matter removal, allowing a rapid response to potential problems in the treatment

Moderating Effect of Changes in Perceived Social Support during Pregnancy on the Emotional Health of Mothers and Fathers and on Baby’s Anthropometric Parameters at Birth

(1) Background: this study is based on a model of how changes in protective factors may affect the emotional health of mothers and fathers and thus influence the development of the baby. Our research goal is to determine whether variations in perceived social support moderate levels of stress and depression during pregnancy and/or the effect of parents’ emotional health on the baby’s anthropometric parameters. (2) Methods: to achieve these aims, a longitudinal study was made of 132 couples and babies, who were evaluated at weeks 12 and 32 of gestation and at birth. Separate analyses were performed for the mothers and fathers, focused on the role of social support in moderating their levels of depression and stress during pregnancy, and the consequent impact on the baby. (3) Results: the results obtained show the moderating effects of changes in social support on maternal and paternal stress and depression. Reduced social support during pregnancy is associated with higher levels of stress and depression in both parents and with a high cephalisation index in their babies. (4) Conclusions: special attention should be paid to social support, which can have a strong impact on the evolution of emotional health during pregnancy and concomitantly on the development of the baby.University of Granada (Spain)Andalusian Public Foundation for Biosanitary Research Eastern Andalusia (Spain)Regional Ministry of Health within Junta de Andalucia (Spain) PC-0526-2016-052

Psychological distress and resilience of mothers and fathers with respect to the neurobehavioral performance of small-forgestational- age newborns

The existence of psychological distress (PD) during pregnancy is well established. Nevertheless, few studies have analyzed the PD and resilience of mothers and fathers during high-risk pregnancy. This study analyzes the differences between parents’ PD and resilience and the relation between them and the neurobehavioral performance of their SGA newborns. Multivariate analysis of variance showed, in gender comparisons, that mothers obtained higher scores than fathers for psychological distress but lower ones for resilience. Similar differences were obtained in the comparison of parents’ distress to intrauterine growth by SGA vs. AGA newborns. Mothers of SGA newborns were more distressed than the other groups. However, there were no differences between the fathers of SGA vs. AGA newborns. Regarding neurobehavioral performance, the profiles of SGA newborns reflected a lower degree of maturity than those of AGA newborns. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that high stress and low resilience among mothers partially predict low neurobehavioral performance in SGA newborns. These findings indicate that mothers of SGA newborns may need psychological support to relieve stress and improve their resilience. Furthermore, attention should be paid to the neurobehavioral performance of their babies in case early attention is neededThis study was supported by University of Granada (Spain), Andalusian Public Foundation for Biosanitary Research Eastern Andalusia (Spain), and Ministry of Health, Junta de Andalucía (Spain) Award Number: PC-0526-2016-0526

Factors associated with the development of second primary tumours in head and neck cancer patients

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Granada/CBUA. Study concepts: RBR. Study design: RBR, ISB, PR. Acquisition of data: RM, COR, ROR, MLL. Data analysis and interpretation: RBR, ISB, PR y JPA. Manuscript preparation: ISB, PR, RBR. Manuscript review: ISB, PR, RM, COR, ROR, MLL, JPA, RBR. Manuscript final approval: ISB, PR, RM, COR, ROR, MLL, JPA, RBR. Being accountable for all aspects of the work: ISB, PR, RM, COR, ROR, MLL, JPA, RBR.Introduction: The development of second primary tumours (SPTs) is one of the main causes of low survival in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). The aim of this study was to review the evidence about factors associated with developing SPTs in patients with HNC. Methods: An updated systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines, and the search was performed in Pubmed and Scopus. Only original articles with a cohort or case-control design were included. Article quality was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Results: Thirty-six and two case-control studies were included, with quality medium (n = 5) to high (n = 33). Tobacco showed a significant association with SPT development, with risks ranging from 1.41 (95%CI: 1.04-1.91) to 5.52 (95%CI: 2.91-10.49). Regarding alcohol, risks ranged from 1.46 (95%CI: 1.12-1.91) to 21.3 (95%CI: 2.9-156). Location of the index tumour in the hypopharynx/oropharynx, absence of human papillomavirus and presence of a premalignant lesion also increased the risk of SPTs. More controversy was found for sex, age and other clinical factors of the tumour. Conclusion: Toxic lifestyle habits and clinical factors were associated with the risk of SPTs in HNC patients. These findings may improve individualised prevention strategies in its follow-up.Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities through the grant ‘Ramon y Cajal’Universidad de Granada/CBUA (Funding for open access charge

Prior drug allergies are associated with worse outcome in patients with idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury: A machine learning approach for risk stratification

The impact of prior drug allergies (PDA) on the clinical features and outcomes of patients who develop idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is largely unknown. We aimed to assess the clinical presentation and outcomes of DILI patients based on the presence or absence of PDA and explore the association between culprit drugs responsible for DILI and allergy. We analysed a well-vetted cohort of DILI cases enrolled from the Spanish DILI Registry. Bootstrap-enhanced least absolute shrinkage operator procedure was used in variable selection, and a multivariable logistic model was fitted to predict poor outcomes in DILI. Of 912 cases with a first episode of DILI, 61 (6.7%) had documented PDA. Patients with PDA were older (p = 0.009), had higher aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels (p = 0.047), lower platelet count (p = 0.011) and higher liver-related mortality than those without a history of drug allergies (11% vs. 1.6%, p < 0.001). Penicillin was the most common drug associated with PDA in DILI patients (32%). A model including PDA, nR-based type of liver injury, female sex, AST, total bilirubin, and platelet count showed an excellent performance in predicting poor outcome in patients from the Spanish DILI Registry (area under the ROC curve [AUC] 0.887; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.794 – 0.981) and the LATINDILI Network (AUC 0.932; 95% CI 0.884 – 0.981). Patients with suspected DILI should be screened for PDA as they would require a close monitoring for early detection of worsening clinical course.Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga/CBUA. This work was supported by grants of Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), cofounded by Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional – FEDER, cofounded by European Union (grant number PI21/01248), and by the Agencia Española de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios. CIBERehd is funded by ISCIII. HN holds a postdoctoral research contract funded by Junta de Andalucía (POSTDOC_21_00780). JSC holds a Juan Rodés contract (JR21/00066), JMP-B holds a Rio Hortega contract (CM21/00074), and IAA holds a Sara Borrell contract (CD20/00083), funded by ISCIII. This project has received funding from the European Horizon´s research and innovation program HORIZON-HLTH-2022-STAYHLTH-02 under agreement No 101095679. Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Elsevier

Rechallenge in idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury: An analysis of cases in two large prospective registries according to existing definitions

Los datos sobre la reexposición positiva en la lesión hepática inducida por fármacos (DILI) idiosincrásica son escasos. Apuntamos a analizar la presentación clínica, el resultado y los fármacos asociados con la reexposición positiva en dos registros DILI. Se incluyeron casos de los registros DILI español y latinoamericano. De 1418 pacientes con DILI idiosincrásico, 58 casos tuvieron una nueva exposición positiva (4,1%). Pacientes con positivo la nueva exposición tuvo una duración más corta de la terapia (p=0,001) y latencia (p=0,003). En pacientes con reexposición, los niveles de aspartato transaminasa aumentaron (p=0,026) y mostraron un tiempo prolongado de recuperación (p=0,020), aunque no se observaron diferencias en términos de resultados fatales. El principal fármaco implicado en la reexposición fue amoxicilina-clavulanato (17%). La mayoría de los eventos de reexposición fueron involuntarios (71%). Usando ambos existentes definiciones de reexposición positiva, hubo cuatro casos que cumplieron exclusivamente con los criterios actuales y cinco que sólo cumplen con la definición histórica. Todos los casos de nueva impugnación positiva, independientemente del patrón de daño, cumplió con los criterios de alanina transaminasa (ALT) ≥3 veces el límite superior de lo normal (LSN) y/o fosfatasa alcalina (ALP) ≥2 veces el LSN.Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga / CBU

Evaluation of diagnostic and prognostic candidate biomarkers in drug-induced liver injury vs. other forms of acute liver damage

Aims Detection and characterization of idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) currently rely on standard liver tests, which are suboptimal in terms of specificity, sensitivity and prognosis. Therefore, DILI diagnosis can be delayed, with important consequences for the patient. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the potential of osteopontin, cytokeratin-18 (caspase-cleaved: ccK18 and total: K18), α-glutathione-S-transferase and microRNA-122 as new DILI biomarkers. Methods Serial blood samples were collected from 32 DILI and 34 non-DILI acute liver injury (ALI) cases and a single sample from 43 population controls without liver injury (HLC) and analysed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or single-molecule arrays. Results All biomarkers differentiated DILI and ALI from HLC with an area under receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) value of >0.75 but were less efficient in distinguishing DILI from ALI, with ccK18 (0.79) and K18 (0.76) demonstrating highest potential. However, the AUC improved considerably (0.98) for ccK18 when comparing DILI and a subgroup of autoimmune hepatitis cases. Cytokeratin-18, microRNA-122 and α-glutathione-S-transferase correlated well with traditional transaminases, while osteopontin correlated most strongly with the international normalized ratio (INR). Conclusions ccK18 appears promising in distinguishing DILI from autoimmune hepatitis but less so from other forms of acute liver injury. Osteopontin demonstrates prognostic potential with higher levels detected in more severe cases regardless of aetiology.Consejería de Salud y Familia de la Junta de Andalucía, Grant/Award Numbers: PI 0274-2016, P18-RT-3364; Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) cofounded by Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional - FEDER, Grant/Award Numbers: PI19/00883, PI18/00901, UMA18-FEDERJA-193; Universidad de Málaga/CBUA for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga / CBUA. Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga / CBU

Patrimonio histórico : Difusión e imbricación americana

326 páginasPublicación del Seminario Permanente de Patrimonio Histórico. Este obra parte de la idea de que la tutela y la gestión de patrimonio requiere de diversos niveles de aproximación donde la protección y la conservación se complementan con la investigación y la difusión. Este pensamiento se ha trasladado a tierras americanas, ya que la relación cultural entre Andalucía y América desde la Edad Moderna es patente