El consejo de Castilla y el control de las impresiones en el siglo XVIII. La documentación del Archivo Histórico Nacional

Since the Eighteenth Century, the Council of Castile centralised its powers on printed documents on the two new escribanías de Gobierno (Government clerk’s offices) with the aim of rationalizing the administrative procedures and exerting more control on written works in order to avoid the prevailing fraud. The records produced by these clerk’s offices have been studied, arranged and described by the Archivo Histórico Nacional (National Historical Archive) through a working methodology. The results thereof are explained in this article.Desde el siglo XVIII el Consejo de Castilla centralizó en las dos nuevas escribanías de Gobierno el ejercicio de sus competencias sobre las impresiones con el fin de racionalizar los procedimientos, ejercer mayor control sobre la producción escrita y evitar así el fraude imperante. Los fondos documentales producidos por ambas escribanías han sido estudiados, organizados y descritos en el Archivo Histórico Nacional siguiendo una metodología de trabajo cuyos resultados se exponen en el presente artículo

Impacto en análisis de estados contables de la implementación de normas internacionales. El caso de la empresa DISAL SA (Tersuave)

Trabajo final de posgrado (especialización en Contabilidad Superior y Auditoría) -- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina, 2017.Este trabajo tiene como objetivo principal mostrar los efectos e impactos en los indicadores económicos-financieros, debido a la implementación de Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera. Adicionalmente, a partir de este ordenamiento, se comenzó a razonar en términos de necesidades de los usuarios, objetivos y características cualitativas de la información, hipótesis básicas del sistema contable, entre otros. Ello, supone potenciar la vertiente predictiva de la información e introducir conceptos en alguna medida ajenos a las Normas Locales. Así, del análisis de los resultados quedó en evidencia que la implementación de Normas Internacionales, generó incrementos considerables en caudal de información de los Estados Financieros e impactos positivos en los resultados de los principales indicadores económicos-financieros de DISAL SA.Fil: Ortega, Yanina Vanesa. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina

Aprovechamiento de escorias blancas (LFS) y negras (EAFS) de acería eléctrica en la estabilización de suelos y en capas de firmes de caminos rurales

El trabajo que recoge la presente Tesis Doctoral estudia la idoneidad de un aprovechamiento integral de las escorias blancas de horno de cuchara (LFS) y de las escorias negras de horno eléctrico de arco (EAFS) en la estabilización de suelos arcillosos de mala calidad y en la formación de las capas del firme de caminos rurales. Para conseguir las propiedades resistentes adecuadas en terrenos naturales arcillosos sobre los que se construyen obras civiles, es preciso mezclarlos con materiales cualificados, como cementos y cales. Asimismo, existen ciertos subproductos que pueden ser empleados con esa finalidad, como las escorias de acería u otros. En este trabajo se han analizado las propiedades de la escoria blanca LFS y de varios suelos arcillosos susceptibles de estabilización. Tras la elaboración de las mezclas entre ambos en distintas proporciones los resultados obtenidos indican un comportamiento similar en las mezclas de suelo con escoria de horno cuchara y las mezclas de suelo con cal, registrándose una mejora de las propiedades del suelo en cuanto a su expansividad, capacidad portante y resistencia. Por otro lado, se ha estudiado las propiedades de la escoria negra EAFS y se ha comprobado que se trata de un subproducto con muchas semejanzas a una zahorra artificial. Se plantean en la Tesis diferentes opciones para la utilización con éxito de escoria EAFS en la formación de capas del firme. Con este planteamiento se pretende contribuir a la sostenibilidad medioambiental; por un lado, eliminando acopios de residuos que degradan las zonas productivas y por el otro, se evita la explotación de canteras y recursos naturales

The Council of Castile and the control of printed documents in Eighteenth-Century. The National Historical Archive´s records

Since the Eighteenth Century, the Council of Castile centralised its powers on printed documents on the two new escribanías de Gobierno (Government clerk’s offices) with the aim of rationalizing the administrative procedures and exerting more control on written works in order to avoid the prevailing fraud. The records produced by these clerk’s offices have been studied, arranged and described by the Archivo Histórico Nacional (National Historical Archive) through a working methodology. The results thereof are explained in this article

Authorship in studies conducted in low-and-middle income countries and published by Reproductive Health: advancing equitable global health research collaborations

Reproductive Health has an interest in reproductivehealth status globally, but it has particular interest inphenomena affecting disadvantaged populations. This isthe reason why this journal encourages submissionsfrom researchers conducting studies in low- and middleincome countries (LMICs).Fil: Pingray, Verónica. Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria; ArgentinaFil: Ortega, Vanesa. Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria; ArgentinaFil: Yaya, Sanni. University of Oxford; Reino UnidoFil: Belizan, Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Centro de Investigaciones en Epidemiología y Salud Pública. Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria. Centro de Investigaciones en Epidemiología y Salud Pública; Argentin

An alternative experimental methodology to determine the diagonal cracking resistance of steel-reinforced concrete beams

[EN]An alternative experimental method for predicting the diagonal shear cracking resistance of steel-reinforced concrete beams is developed in this paper. Conventional extensometric strain-gauge rosettes are placed on the lateral surfaces of a set of four beams. As diagonal cracking propagates through the beams, the load-strain curves flatten out at a plateau and the mechanical property under consideration may be determined. The method is applied to four beams cast from pumpable and self-compacting concrete mixes with cement types I and IV containing electric arc furnace slag aggregates. The feasibility of applying standard design code formulas to the concretes containing these aggregates may therefore be studied and compared with other recent research works. Accurate experimental results were obtained with this method without having to interrupt the test for subjective visual appraisals of the test specimen.The authors wish to express their gratitude to: the Spanish Ministry MICINN, AEI and ERDF [RTI2018097079BC31; PID2020113837RBI00; 10.13039/501100011033; FPU17/03374] ; the Junta de Castilla y Leon (Regional Government) and ERDF [UIC231, BU119P17] ; Youth Employment Initiative (JCyL) and ESF [UBU05B_1274] ; and the University of the Basque Country [PPGA20/26] and University of Burgos [SUCONS, Y135.GI] for additional funding. Our thanks also go to the Basque Government research group [IT131419] and likewise to CHRYSO and HORMOR for supplying the materials used in this research

Microstructure and Dimensional Stability of Slag-Based High-Workability Concrete with Steelmaking Slag Aggregate and Fibers

Four high-workability (pumpable and self-compacting) concretemix designs are presented that incorporate steelmaking slagswith additions of both metallic and polymeric fibers. Electric arcfurnace slag (EAFS) as aggregate, and ladle furnace slag (LFS) andground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) as supplementary cementitious material (SCM) are applied to optimize the sustainability ofthe mix design. The main variables in the microstructural analysis, theporosity and the pore structure of the hardened mixes, were assessedwith mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), X-ray computed tomography (XCT) and water capillary penetration analysis. Moreover,shrinkage was observed to decrease when adding metallic fibers and LFS. In general, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observationsrevealed good quality concrete microstructures. Accelerated aging tests at a moderate temperature (72°C) produced a slight lengthening,which affected the dimensional stability of all the mixtures, which was also conditioned by their micro-porosity. The internal damageinduced by this test decreased the brittle fracture strength of the concrete mixes, although the use of GGBFS and LFS moderated thatdamage, due to the increased compliance of the cementitious matrix.The authors wish to express their gratitude for funding this researchwork to the Spanish Ministry of Universities, MInisterio de Cienciae INNovaci ́on (MICINN), Agencia Estatal de Investigaci ́on (AEI),European Union (EU), and European Regional Development Fund(ERDF) (PID2020-113837RB-I00, PID2021-124203OB-I00,RTI2018-097079-B-C31, 10.13039/501100011033, FPU17/03374);ERDF and the Junta de Castilla y Le ́on (BU119P17; UIC-231);European Social Fund (ESF) and Youth Employment Initiative(JCyL) (UBU05B_1274); Sustainable And Resilient ENvironment(SAREN) research group (IT1619-22, the Basque Government);and the University of Burgos [Y135.GI]. Our thanks also go to thecompanies Chryso Additives and Hormor-Zestoa for their ongoingcollaboration with research group members

Shear strength assessment of reinforced concrete components containing EAF steel slag aggregates

Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) slag can be reused as aggregate in Portland cement concrete mixes. The addition of EAFS and other waste co-products (fly ash, blast furnace slag) will modify the binding properties and will, importantly, enhance the global sustainability of such concretes. These mix designs offer acceptable pumpability and self-compaction in the fresh state and can be reinforced with fibers. In this study, eight different concrete mixes are designed within the range of medium-strength concretes (30–50 MPa) and are characterized in both the fresh and the hardened state. Large concrete volumes are used to pour reinforced beams, which are then subjected to small-span high-load tests to evaluate their resistance to shear stress, by analyzing two types of transversal (shear) reinforcement. The tests yielded promising results, contributing additional evidence on the viability of using recycled EAFS aggregate in structural applications. The mechanical behavior of these concretes was closely correlated with the strength predictions calculated with the formulas listed in various international standards.Spanish Ministry of Universities, MICINN, AEI, EU and ERDF [PID2020-113837RB-I00; RTI2018-097079-B-C31; 10.13039/501100011033; FPU17/03374]; the Junta de Castilla y León and ERDF [UIC-231, BU119P17]; Youth Employment Initiative (JCyL) and ESF [UBU05B_1274]; the University of Burgos [grant number SUCONS, Y135.GI], and, finally, our thanks also go to the SAREN research group (IT1619-22, Basque Government)

Simultaneous addition of slag binder, recycled concrete aggregate and sustainable powders to self-compacting concrete: a synergistic mechanical-property approach

The behavior of Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) is very sensitive to the use of by-products in replacement of conventional cement or finer aggregate fractions. The high proportions of these raw materials in SCC can in great part explain this performance. 18 SCC mixes of slump-flow class SF3 were prepared for a thorough evaluation of different sustainable materials and for the prediction of their effects as binder or fine/powder aggregate on the mechanical properties of SCC. The mixes incorporated 100% coarse Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA); different amounts (0%, 50% or 100%) of fine RCA; CEM I ordinary Portland cement and CEM III/A (with 45% ground granulated blast furnace slag); and more sustainable powders compared to conventional limestone filler <0.063 mm (such as limestone powder 0/0.5 mm and RCA powder 0/0.5 mm). Flowability, hardened density, strength under compression, tensile and bending stresses and modulus of elasticity were all studied. The addition of 50% fine RCA yielded an SCC of adequate strength, stiffness and flowability. SCC manufactured with limestone powder 0/0.5 mm showed the best overall performance, while SCC behavior was improved when adding CEM III/A by adjusting the mix composition. The experimental results of all the mechanical properties were compared with the values predicted by the compressive-strength-based formulas from the European and USA standards. Overall, the values resulting from those expressions overestimated all the mechanical properties. Therefore, since all these properties followed the same simple-regression trend, a statistical analysis was performed to develop a global model capable of accurately predicting them all.The authors wish to express their gratitude for funding this research work to: the Spanish Ministry of Universities, MICINN, AEI, EU, and ERDF [PID2020-113837RB-I00; 10.13039/501100011033; FPU17/03374; PRX21/00007]; the Junta de Castilla y León (Regional Government) and ERDF [UIC-231, BU119P17]; and the University of Burgos [SUCONS, Y135.GI] and the University of Padova

Effect of fine recycled concrete aggregate on the mechanical behavior of self-compacting concrete

The high flowability of Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) is achieved by adding large amounts of fine aggregate. Therefore, the addition of fine Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) in this type of concrete can very noticeably change its behavior. SCCs with different percentages of fine RCA (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) and 100% coarse RCA were manufactured in this study, to evaluate their performance, and to analyze the effect of fine RCA in an SCC when a high amount of coarse RCA is also added. Both the fresh properties (flowability, density, and air content) and their mechanical behavior (strengths, non-destructive tests, stress–strain curves, and Poisson coefficient) at different curing ages were studied. These mechanical properties were compared with the values calculated using the formulas from two of the most common structural design standards. High values of strength and modulus of elasticity were obtained up to a fine RCA content of 50%. Additionally, any increase in fine RCA increased flowability and elastic and plastic deformability of the SCC. The theoretical values overestimated the experimental ones by around 25%. From the mechanical point of view, SCC with up to 50% fine RCA could be used for structural applications, although service requirements regarding deformability recommend that its content should be limited to 25%.The authors wish to express their gratitude to: the Spanish Ministry MCI, AEI, EU and ERDF [grant number FPU17/03374]; the Junta de Castilla y León (Regional Government) and ERDF [grant numbers UIC-231, BU119P17]; Youth Employment Initiative (JCyL) and ESF [grant number UBU05B_1274]; and finally, the University of Burgos [grant numbers SUCONS, Y135.GI]