Space, mass and ornament in the Gothic-Renaissance transition in Spain

La introducción en España de las nuevas formas y sintaxis renacentistas a lo largo del siglo xvi no se produjo con un abandono radical e inmediato de los viejos usos góticos, de validez comprobada en trascendentales cuestiones del diseño arquitectónico. La renovación de la producción fue heterogénea y en cierto modo particular de cada artífice, según su formación previa y el grado de contacto, coherencia y compromiso con las novedades italianas, generando un panorama híbrido y plural en la arquitectura del quinientos hispano. Atendiendo a significativos textos y documentos gráficos de la época, se pretende rastrear los cambios, e inercias, en el proceso de diseño arquitectónico durante esta larga etapa de transición, estructurando el análisis a partir de tres categorías sustanciales, interdependientes y autónomas a la vez: espacio, masa y ornato.During the sixteenth century the new Renaissance forms were introduced in Spain, but the Gothic procedures continued to be used due to their proven validity for the architectural design. The renovation of the architecture was heterogeneous and different for each master, according to his previous training and his knowledge of the new Italian forms. This involved a hybrid and plural context in the Spanish architecture of the 16th century. The changes and continuities of the architectural design process during this transitory stage are investigated in this paper, based on significant texts and graphic documents of this period. The analysis is structured based on three substantial architectural categories, which are simultaneously interdependent and autonomous: space, mass and ornamen

Direct versus iterated multiperiod Value-at-Risk forecasts

Since the late nineties, the Basel Accords require financial institutions to measure their financial risk by reporting daily predictions of Value at Risk (VaR) based on 10-day returns. However, a vast part of the related literature deals with VaR predictions based on one-period returns. Given its relevance for practitioners, in this paper, we survey the literature on available procedures to estimate VaR over an h-period. First, to convert 1 day into 10-day VaR, it is popular to use the square-root-of-time (SRoT) rule, which is only satisfied under very restrictive and unrealistic properties of returns. Alternatively, direct (based on h-period returns) and iterated (based on one-period returns) two-step procedures can be implemented to obtain 10-period VaR. We also illustrate and compare the performance of these procedures in the context of popular conditionally heteroscedastic models for returns using both simulated and real data. We show that, under realistic assumptions on the distribution of returns, multiperiod VaR predictions based on iterating an asymmetric GJR model with normal or bootstrapped errors are usually preferred. We also show that, in general, direct methods could be not only biased but also inefficient.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad. Grant Number: PDI2019-108079GB-C21/AIE/10.13039/50110001103

Franco’s victims in Spain: the long road towards justice and recognition

In today’s Spain there is a lack of public discourse recognizing the unbalanced treatment suffered by the victims of Franco, both during the civil war and the repression that followed, during the dictatorship, transition and four decades of democracy. There has also been limited discussion regarding their legal rights as victims. This chapter argues that in Spain official narratives and amnesty have not only resulted in the denial of the legal status of victims and their social definition as such, but largely in the refusal to self-define as a victim by those who suffered violations and repression by Franco’s troops and government

Frontiers in VaR forecasting and backtesting

The interest in forecasting the Value at Risk (VaR) has been growing over the last two decades, due to the practical relevance of this risk measure for financial and insurance institutions. Furthermore, VaR forecasts are often used as a testing ground when fitting alternative models for representing the dynamic evolution of time series of financial returns. There are vast numbers of alternative methods for constructing and evaluating VaR forecasts. In this paper, we survey the new benchmarks proposed in the recent literature.Financial support from Project ECO2012-32401 by the Spanish Government is gratefully acknowledged by the second author. We are also grateful to the Editor Rob Hyndman for his support and to three anonymous reviewers for their detailed and constructive comments

Constructing an open library containing a curated and continuously growing digital catalogue of individual sound signatures from the marine underwater soundscape in shallow seas

Creation and validation of an open-access digital repository for distinctive underwater sound signatures in shallow seas, emphasizing anthropic noise sources.Peer Reviewe

Directives for a Correct Diagnosis

A special Working Group, to study and develop standars related to Building Restoration, Rehabilitation and Maintenance, was formed in January 2001 in AENOR (Spanish Association for Codes and Standars) under the management of the Department of Building Construction of the School of Architecture of Madrid (DCTA-UPM). Three groups were organized to deal with different topics: Diagnosis, Techiques and Materials, and Maintenance. In this paper the differents topics in which the Diagnosis Subgroup is working are described: historical studies, constructive description of the building and building pathology. These will be basic to carry out a correct diagnosis of any type of building, whether it is historic or not. In the development of such topics, the recognizable architectural values are justified as they are prior to the diagnosis stage. As an example of the subgroup work, several pathology cards are shown which include: longitudinal cracks of mechanical origin in beams of concrete structures, façade closings and claddings, and general symptoms of installation services

“La adolorida de Bucay” (Zúñiga Albán-1994): análisis desde las Bases Teóricas del Neo-barroco de Sarduy

“La Adolorida de Bucay” (1994) is a Neobaroque work by Ecuadorian artist Hernán Zuñiga Albán, whose nature broke inherited artistic representational codes from the modern times and subverted meanings by resemantizing the original image (Image of "La Dolorosa"), product of the gesture of appropriation carried out by the artist. This article demonstrates its formal and aesthetic nature through a hermeneutical analysis, based on the theoretical precepts of the Latin American Neobaroque, as proposed by Severo Sarduy. We conclude that typical mechanisms of artificialization of the Neobaroque Sarduyano (baroque, artifice, parody, eroticism, mirror and revolution) are present in this image, which account for a representation statute that subverted the meaning of the original image (resemantized image).“La Adolorida de Bucay” (1994) es una obra Neobarroca del artista ecuatoriano Hernán Zúñiga Albán, por cuya naturaleza rompió códigos representacionales artísticos heredados de la época moderna y subvirtió significados al resemantizar la imagen original (Imagen de “La Dolorosa”), producto del gesto de apropiación llevado a cabo por el artista. En este artículo evidenciaremos su naturaleza formal y estética mediante un análisis hermenéutico, basado en los preceptos teóricos del Neobarroco latinoamericano, tal como lo propone Severo Sarduy. Concluimos que en ella están presentes mecanismos de artificialización propios del Neobarroco sarduyano (lo barroco, el artificio, la parodia, el erotismo, espejo y revolución), que dan cuenta de un estatuto de representación que subvirtió el significado de la imagen original (la resemantizó)

Readers Read, Readers Write: A Methodology for The Study of Reading Practices in Media Convergence

In this article we propose a set of methodologies to study emerging reading practices in narratives developing simultaneously in various media. We have taken the data by readers of the Spanish-Argentinian project Orsai in the form of blog comments, download rates, and print-run volumes as “reading traces.” We believe these traces shed much light on what is sparking readers’ attention (narrative developments, frequency of publication, interaction with other readers and authors), and in what fashion (comment frequency, volume, and type). Our methodology includes network analysis and visualizations of reading traces in the comparative setting of our case study, and is susceptible to being adapted to other convergence media projects