Labour market assimilation of immigrants in Spain: employment at the expense of bad job-matches?

Spain has traditionally been known as a country of emigrants. However, in the last decade, Spain has experienced an unprecedented boom of immigration from three localized areas: Latin America, Africa and East Europe. In this paper, we study the behaviour of recent immigrants in the Spanish labour market identifying the major differences with the native population and tracking whether these differences fade away as their years of residence in Spain increase. With this objective, we focus on four labour market outcomes: labour supply, unemployment, incidence of overeducation and incidence of temporary contracts. Results show that, compared to natives, immigrants face initially higher participation rates, higher unemployment rates, higher incidence of overeducation and higher incidence of temporary contracts. However, five years after their arrival we could broadly say that participation rates start to converge to native rates, unemployment rates decrease to levels even lower than those of natives, and the incidence of temporary contracts and overeducation remains constant: no reduction of the gap with Spanish workers is observed. Therefore, we conclude that the Spanish labour market is managing to absorb the so called, 'immigration boom ', but at the expense of allocating immigrants in bad job-matches.immigration; assimilation; labor force participation; unemployment; overeducation; temporary contracts;

The impact of immigration on the wage structure : Spain 1995-2002

In this paper we estimate the impact of inward migration flows on the Spanish wage structure over the period 1995-2002 by constructing counterfactual wage distributions that provide the wages that would have been observed had individual and job characteristics remain constant over time. Hence, we compute the impact of immigration on the wage distribution from (i) the estimated wage gaps between similar immigrants and native workers and (ii) the changes in the composition of employment associated to the arrival of new immigrants. Overall, we find that (i) the effects of immigration on wage changes are small and only noticeable when job characteristics are included as determinants of wages, and (ii) the correlation between the incidence of immigration in each decile of the wage distribution and the change in native wages not explained by changes in their individual and job characteristics is positive. These results suggest that other factors, besides immigration, should be identified as the key determinants of the wage moderation observed since the early nineties in Spain

The effect of immigration on the employment opportunities of native-born workers : some evidence for Spain

Spain is one of the European countries where immigration flows during the last decade have increased noticeably. The Spanish labor market institutions and the Spanish immigration policy exhibit some peculiarities which may be relevant when analyzing the impact of immigration. This paper provides a first approximation to the labor market effects of immigrants in Spain during the second half of the 1990s, the period in which immigration flows to Spain have accelerated. By using alternative datasets, we estimate both the impact of legal and total immigration flows on the employment rates of native workers, accounting for the possible occupationa l and geographical mobility of immigrants and native-born workers. Using different samples and estimation procedures, we have not found a significant negative effect of immigration on the employment rates of native workers. The corresponding estimated elasticity is low, around -0.1, when considering only legal immigrants, and is not significant when considering both legal and illegal immigrants

Reactivity indexes for different geometries of palladium leads

Electronic transport through metallic break junctions or molecules is clearly dependent not only on the electronic structure of the central nanodevice connecting the leads, but also the shape and crystalline orientation of the contacts which can define the possible conduction channels. In this work we examine different geometries of contacts of palladium characterizing them through global and local reactivity indexes as electrophilicity, chemical hardness and Fukui functions. In molecules, these indicators are essentially defined by the energies of the frontier molecular orbitals and in solids they are related with the local and partial density of states. We use for this purpose an ab-initio based code (FIREBALL), applied to plane contacts with (001) fcc faces and also pyramidal tips grown following a (001) and (111) packaging. The results allow us to have an insight about the chemical features of this type of nanojunctions.Fil: Gómez Carrillo, Sandra Carolina. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Departamento de Física; ArgentinaFil: Ortega, J.. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; EspañaFil: Bolcatto, Pablo Guillermo. Universidad Nacional del Litoral; Argentin

The impact of immigration on the wage structure : Spain 1995-2002

In this paper we estimate the impact of inward migration flows on the Spanish wage structure over the period 1995-2002 by constructing counterfactual wage distributions that provide the wages that would have been observed had individual and job characteristics remain constant over time. Hence, we compute the impact of immigration on the wage distribution from (i) the estimated wage gaps between similar immigrants and native workers and (ii) the changes in the composition of employment associated to the arrival of new immigrants. Overall, we find that (i) the effects of immigration on wage changes are small and only noticeable when job characteristics are included as determinants of wages, and (ii) the correlation between the incidence of immigration in each decile of the wage distribution and the change in native wages not explained by changes in their individual and job characteristics is positive. These results suggest that other factors, besides immigration, should be identified as the key determinants of the wage moderation observed since the early nineties in Spain.Immigration, Wage structure, Quantile regressions

Inmigración y mercado de trabajo

Espainia da azken hamarkadan emigrante edo etorkinen fluxuan gorakadarik handienetakoa izan duen Europako herrialdea. Horren aurrean, ez da harritzekoa inmigrazioaren fenomenoa eztabaida publikoko gai garrantzitsuenen artean egotea, eta fenomeno horren ezaugarriak eta ondorio sozio-ekonomikoak aztertzeko modua emango digun informazioaren eskaria asko ugaritzea. Gaur egungo testuinguruan, artzkulu honen helburua bikoitza da: biztanleria inmigranteak Espainian duen egoera laborala aztertzea, batetik, eta inmigranteek lan-merkatu espainiarrean eragiten dituzten ondorioen lehen hurbilketa bat eskaintzea, bestetikEspaña es uno de los países europeos donde los flujos de inmigrantes han aumentado de forma más notable durante la última década. Ante esto, no resulta extraño que el fenómeno de la inmigración se haya convertido en uno de los principales temas de debate público y que exista una fuerte demanda de información que permita analizar sus características y sus consecuencias socioeconómicas. En el contexto actual, el objetivo de este artículo es, por un lado, estudiar la situación laboral de la población inmigrante en España y, por otro, proporcionar una primera aproximación de los efectos de los inmigrantes en el mercado de trabajo españo

Creando espacios para conocer la américa latina profunda

En la sociedad donde la UNILA actúa es prioridad crear espacios donde puedan converger personas que tengan interés en estudios teóricos sobre la historia, cultura y política de los países en América Latina, actualmente el foco de la actividad es sobre México. Es indispensable la construcción de campos que tengan como objetivo valorizar los múltiples saberes socio-culturales en compañía de un proceso educativo, interdisciplinar, científico y político de lenguaje no-académico, que comparta la pluralidad de discurso y que a través de ese conocimiento, fomente un intercambio científico y cultural en la triple frontera en su relación con el resto de países de América Latina y en este momento, sobre México. La idea es estimular procesos de producción y difusión de conocimiento crítico frente a diversos temas que enfrenta el subcontinente y sobre la realidad brasileña, por medio del contraste con el resto de países. Las actividades donde se concretan las ideas son variadas, van desde seminarios, palestras, videoconferencia, encuentros, reuniones, mesas redondas, etc. Se espera contribuir para el desarrollo científico y cultural de los participantes directos e indirectos de las actividades, propiciar una experiencia de estudio colectiva que estimule el interés político y desarrollar una comprensión profunda que vaya más allá del contenido programático de sala de aula. Estos espacios nacen en relación a la Acción de Extensión llamada “Realidad Latinoamericana 2018” en parcería con el Programa “Realidad Latino-americana” de la Universidade Federal de São Paulo, que ya ha enfocado sus estudios teóricos sobre Colombia y Venezuela (2014), Bolívia y Perú (2015), Cuba (2016) y Chile y Argentina (2017) de esa manera buscando este año ampliar la participación de la UNILA en estrechar lazos con otras actividades que permitan un intercambio científico

Subjetividades políticas juveniles e interculturalidad crítica

Este artículo recoge los hallazgos más importantes que evidencian la configuración de subjetividades políticas, de jóvenes de Medellín y el Área Metropolitana, y su articulación con la interculturalidad crítica. Toma como base una investigación cuyo objetivo fue indagar sobre las miradas que los jóvenes pertenecientes a dos entidades de Medellín en Colombia con apuestas sociales desde las artes escénicas y la apropiación del conocimiento, han construido sobre sí mismos y sus relaciones con otros. El estudio se planteó metodológicamente desde las narrativas autobiográficas como forma de acercarse a los jóvenes y sus historias. Entre los resultados principales se plantean aspectos relacionados con las formas cómo se asumen y proyectan en la acción colectiva y cómo emergen allí oportunidades para reconocer y superar las problemáticas de desigualdad que atraviesan sus vidas. Las más importantes conclusiones están en torno a cómo se articulan la subjetividad política y sus tramas con la interculturalidad crítica desde los escenarios juveniles en contextos urbanos como los de ciudades como Medellín.//This article gathers the most important findings that show the configuration of political subjectivities, of young people from Medellín and the Metropolitan Area, and their articulation with critical interculturality. It is based on an investigation whose objective was to investigate the looks that young people belonging to two entities of Medellín in Colombia with social bets from the performing arts and the appropriation of knowledge, have built on themselves and their relationships with others. The study was raised methodologically from autobiographical narratives as a way of approaching young people and their stories. Among the main results are aspects related to the ways in which they are assumed and projected in collective action and how opportunities arise there to recognize and overcome the problems of inequality that are going through their lives. The most important conclusions are about how political subjectivity and its plots are articulated with critical interculturality from youth settings in urban contexts such as those in cities like Medellín

Conventional Industrial Robotics Applied to the Process of Tomato Grafting Using the Splicing Technique

Horticultural grafting is routinely performed manually, demanding a high degree of concentration and requiring operators to withstand extreme humidity and temperature conditions. This article presents the results derived from adapting the splicing technique for tomato grafting, characterized by the coordinated work of two conventional anthropomorphic industrial robots with the support of low-cost passive auxiliary units for the transportation, handling, and conditioning of the seedlings. This work provides a new approach to improve the efficiency of tomato grafting. Six test rates were analyzed, which allowed the system to be evaluated across 900 grafted units, with gradual increases in the speed of robots work, operating from 80 grafts/hour to over 300 grafts/hour. The results obtained show that a higher number of grafts per hour than the number manually performed by skilled workers could be reached easily, with success rates of approximately 90% for working speeds around 210–240 grafts/hour