Hidrólisis del ácido salicilsalicílico en medio fuertemente básico

Se ha estudiado la hidrólisis del ácido salicilsalicílico en medio acuoso fuertemente básico (pH = 11,6), a las temperaturas de 10, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 y 50°C. La citada reacción ha sido seguida por espectro fotometría. Se han calculado los valores de la costante de velocidad así como los parámetros termodinámicos correspondientes al proceso global

Hidrólisis del ácido salicilsalicílico en medio fuertemente básico

Se ha estudiado la hidrólisis del ácido salicilsalicílico en medio acuoso fuertemente básico (pH = 11,6), a las temperaturas de 10, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 y 50°C. La citada reacción ha sido seguida por espectro fotometría. Se han calculado los valores de la costante de velocidad así como los parámetros termodinámicos correspondientes al proceso global

Las adaptaciones culturales del Strengthening Families Program en Europa. Un ejemplo de programa de educación familiar basado en evidencia

Evidence-based programmes on family prevention constitute instruments to increase protection factors and minimise risk factors in vulnerable families. Implementation of these programmes in Europe is fairly recent. Acknowledging that these programmes are originally North American, a debate emerges about the suitability of these programmes in the European con- text and the specific characteristics that their cultural adaptations should take into account. In this article, a systematic literature review is undertaken in order to compare the cultural adaptations of the Strengthening Families Program in Europe, since this is the evidence- based family programme with the higher number of adaptations. Conclusions underscore the good results obtained by the adaptations, both in their universal and selective versions, as well as the emergence of a genuinely European debate about these programmes.Los programas educativos de prevención familiar basados en evidencia son instrumentos para aumentar los factores de protección y minimizar los factores de riesgo en familias vulnerables. La implementación en Europa de estos programas es relativamente reciente. Al tratarse de programas principalmente de matriz norteamericana, tiene lugar un debate sobre la idoneidad de estos programas en el contexto europeo y las características específicas que deben tener en cuenta las adaptaciones culturales de los programas. En este artículo, se lleva a cabo una revisión sistemática de la literatura para detectar y comparar las adaptaciones culturales del Strengthening Families Program en Europa, al tratarse del programa familiar con mayor número de adaptaciones. Los principales conclusiones señalan los buenos resultados que ha obtenido las adaptaciones tanto en su versión universal como selectiva, así como la aparición de un debate propiamente europeo sobre los programas

Citizen stance towards mandatory COVID-19 vaccination and vaccine booster doses: a study in Colombia, El Salvador and Spain

The infections and deaths resulting from Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) triggered the need for some governments to make COVID-19 vaccines mandatory. The present study aims to analyze the position of 3026 adults in Colombia, El Salvador, and Spain regarding the possibility of making COVID-19 vaccine mandatory and the intention to be vaccinated with the booster or possible successive doses. Data from an online survey conducted from August to December 2021 among a non-representative sample of Spanish-speaking countries were collected. Multinomial Logistic Regression Models were used. A total of 77.4% of Colombians were in favor of mandatory vaccination compared to 71.5% of Salvadorians and 65.4% of Spaniards (p < 0.000). Women and people over 65 years of age were the groups most in favor of making the vaccine mandatory (p < 0.000). A total of 79.4% said they had received a third dose or would intend to receive the third dose or future doses, if necessary, compared with 9.4% who expressed doubts and 9.9% who refused to be vaccinated or did not intend to be vaccinated. Among the measures that could be taken to motivate vaccination, 63.0% and 60.6% were in favor of requiring a negative test to enter any place of leisure or work, respectively, compared to 16.2% in favor of suspension from work without pay. The acceptance of mandatory vaccination and of third or future doses varies greatly according to sociodemographic characteristics and work environment. As such, it is recommended that policy makers adapt public health strategies accordingly

Polarografía de complejos de ácido acetilsalicílico con Zn(II)

Polarographic waves of Zn(II) and acetysalicylic acid Zn(II) complexes in CIK 1 M (ph = 6,5) are reported. Electrochemical reduction of metallic cation has been analyzed by means conventional and oscilopolarographic methods. The formation constants of comple.xes (ASA)Zn + and (ASA)2 Zn have been calculated.Se ha realizado un estudio polarográfico de complejos del ácido acetilsalicílico con Zn(II) en Clk 1 M (ph = 6,5). El proceso de reducción del catión metálico es analizado por medidas polarográficas convencionales y oscilopolarográficas. Se han calculado los valores de las constantes de formación de los complejos (ASA) Zn + y (ASA)2 Zn

Polarografía de complejos de ácido acetilsalicílico con Zn(II)

Se ha realizado un estudio polarográfico de complejos del ácido acetilsalicílico con Zn(II) en Clk 1 M (ph = 6,5). El proceso de reducción del catión metálico es analizado por medidas polarográficas convencionales y oscilopolarográficas. Se han calculado los valores de las constantes de formación de los complejos (ASA) Zn + y (ASA)2 Zn.Polarographic waves of Zn(II) and acetysalicylic acid Zn(lI) complexes in CIK 1 M (ph = 6,5) are reported. Electrochemical reduction of metallic cation has been analyzed by means conventional and oscilopolarographic methods. The formation constants of comple.xes (ASA)Zn + and (ASA)z Zn have been calculated

Effect of resonant magnetic perturbations on low collisionality discharges in MAST and a comparison with ASDEX Upgrade

Sustained ELM mitigation has been achieved on MAST and AUG using RMPs with a range of toroidal mode numbers over a wide region of low to medium collisionality discharges. The ELM energy loss and peak heat loads at the divertor targets have been reduced. The ELM mitigation phase is typically associated with a drop in plasma density and overall stored energy. In one particular scenario on MAST, by carefully adjusting the fuelling it has been possible to counteract the drop in density and to produce plasmas with mitigated ELMs, reduced peak divertor heat flux and with minimal degradation in pedestal height and confined energy. While the applied resonant magnetic perturbation field can be a good indicator for the onset of ELM mitigation on MAST and AUG there are some cases where this is not the case and which clearly emphasise the need to take into account the plasma response to the applied perturbations. The plasma response calculations show that the increase in ELM frequency is correlated with the size of the edge peeling-tearing like response of the plasma and the distortions of the plasma boundary in the X-point region.Comment: 31 pages, 28 figures. This is an author-created, un-copyedited version of an article submitted for publication in Nuclear Fusion. IoP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from i

Density biases and temperature relations for DESIRED HII regions

We present a first study based on the analysis of the DEep Spectra of Ionized REgions Database (DESIRED). This is a compilation of 190 high signal-to-noise ratio optical spectra of HII regions and other photoionized nebulae, mostly observed with 8-10m telescopes and containing $\sim$29380 emission lines. We find that the electron density --$n_{\rm e}$-- of the objects is underestimated when [SII] $\lambda6731/\lambda6716$ and/or [OII] $\lambda3726/\lambda3729$ are the only density indicators available. This is produced by the non-linear density dependence of the indicators in the presence of density inhomogeneities. The average underestimate is $\sim 300$ cm$^{-3}$ in extragalactic HII regions, introducing systematic overestimates of $T_{\rm e}$([OII]) and $T_{\rm e}$([SII]) compared to $T_{\rm e}$([NII]). The high-sensitivity of [OII] $\lambda\lambda7319+20+30+31/\lambda\lambda3726+29$ and [SII] $\lambda\lambda4069+76/\lambda\lambda6716+31$ to density makes them more suitable for the diagnosis of the presence of high-density clumps. If $T_{\rm e}$([NII]) is adopted, the density underestimate has a small impact in the ionic abundances derived from optical spectra, being limited to up to $\sim$0.1 dex when auroral [SII] and/or [OII] lines are used. However, these density effects are critical for the analysis of infrared fine structure lines, such as those observed by the JWST in local star forming regions, implying strong underestimates of the ionic abundances. We present temperature relations between $T_{\rm e}$([OIII]), $T_{\rm e}$([ArIII]), $T_{\rm e}$([SIII]) and $T_{\rm e}$([NII]) for the extragalactic HII regions. We confirm a non-linear dependence between $T_{\rm e}$([OIII])-$T_{\rm e}$([NII]) due to a more rapid increase of $T_{\rm e}$([OIII]) at lower metallicities.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRA