Re United Steelworkers of America, Local 4444, and Stanley Steel Co Ltd (Hamilton Plant)

The company assigned non-bargaining unit employees to the tasks involved with inventory taking. The collective agreement provided that Supervisors will not do work ordinarily performed by bargain­ing unit employees, except — (a) Instruction and training of employees. (b) Emergency work necessary to maintain an uninterrupted flow of production. Held, by a majority of the board of arbitration, W. Stetson dissenting, the grievance was dismissed. Inventory taking is not work ordinarily performed by bargaining unit employees . While some of the regular operations of the grieving bargaining unit employees may have been performed incidentally to the inventory taking, this does not mean that supervisors on performing this type of task have infringed upon the grievors\u27 jobs. Inventory taking requires judgment and special knowledge

Re United Electrical Workers, Local 523, and Welland Forge Ltd

Employee Grievance alleging failure to pay full pay for certain holidays. The facts: There was no real dispute between the parties about the facts. I should perhaps note at the outset that in its written statement of facts submitted to the board the union treats both grievances as relating to the July 1st holiday. The com-pany\u27s statement of facts, on the other hand, treats McHarg\u27s grievance as relating to the August 4th holiday. McHarg\u27s grievance form itself does not indicate to which holiday it relates. He was sick for both of them and it is a reasonable inference that his grievance, which is expressed in terms of a grievance against failure to pay for one holiday only, relates to the more recent of them. In any case, nothing turns on this discrepancy between the submission of the union and the submission of the company

Understanding the complexities of Building-Integrated Agriculture. Can food shape the future built environment?

Our food system is facing an unprecedented challenge: feeding a fast growing population without depleting precious resources like energy, soil, and water.Furthermore, the increasing urbanization has rapidly exacerbated the gap between farm to plate, leaving cities vulnerable to changes in the production and supply chain, as demonstrated by recent pandemics and wars. In this context, emerging technologies that allow plants to grow in absence of soil, permit to produce food in high densely built-up areas, bringing food production right were most consumers live. These initiatives enter within the so called Building-Integrated Agriculture (BIA), which is referred as the practice of locating greenhouses and soilless plant cultivation technologies on top and inside mixed-use buildings to exploit the synergies between the building environment and agriculture, involving resource recovery such as water, energy and nutrient flows. This paper aims at determining strategies, objectives, and best practices of BIA projects through the review of 21 case studies, to understand how a new advanced and future-oriented agriculture applied within the cities borders, can possibly shape the urban built environment and food systems of the future

Cold streams of ionospheric oxygen in the plasma sheet during the CDAW-6 event of March 22, 1979

During magnetospheric substorm events, the plasma and ion composition experiments in the ISEE-1 and 2 satellites detected cold ionospheric O+ streams, moving tailwards in the near Earth magnetotail. Flow is parallel to the magnetic field lines, with drift velocity in agreement with the electric field topology obtained by mapping the model ionospheric field along the magnetic field lines. Fluctuations of the flow velocity of the streams can be related to magnetotail movements. Oscillations of the flow direction and speed with periods ranging from 5 to 10 min that suggest the presence of waves are observed. The streams are observed at all distances between 15 and 6 Re from the Earth. When averaged over 360 deg, the streams show up as a low energy peak, superimposed on the distribution of isotropic plasma sheet ions. This double-peak structure of the energy spectrum seems typical of the disturbed plasma sheet

The angular power spectra of polarized Galactic synchrotron

We derive the angular power spectra of intensity and polarization of Galactic synchrotron emission in the range 36 < l < 10^3 from the Parkes survey mapping the southern Galactic plane at 2.4 GHz. The polarization spectra of both electric and magnetic parity up to l \simeq 10^3 are approximated very well by power laws with slope coefficients \simeq 1.4, quite different from the CMB spectra. We show that no problem should arise from Galactic synchrotron for measurements of CMB polarization in the cosmological window.Comment: 15 pages with 6 eps figures. Accepted for publication in New Astronom

Environmental assessment of greenhouse herb production: A case of longitudinal improvement options in Sweden

The greenhouse sector has seen many advances to improve its resource demands, though little is known of the environmental impacts. This study aims to assess the environmental performance of a horticultural greenhouse in Sweden producing herbs. Life cycle assessment is employed to analyze different scenarios. These include previous measures, such as switching to organic fertilizers, a pellet burner, and reducing the packaging weight. Future scenarios are assessed, including increasing biofueled logistics, switching to LEDs, densifying production, and including recyclable packaging. The results suggest that GHG emissions were reduced by 32% per kg edible portion through past scenarios in current scenario. Additionally, densifying production and switching to LED lighting can lead to an additional 14% and 10% reduction in GHG emissions compared to the current system respectively, while also reducing other environmental impact categories. These results provide insights into the implications of environmental and resource improvement measures taken at greenhouses

Investigations into free tropospheric new particle formation in the central Canadian arctic during the winter/spring transition as part of TOPSE

In this paper, we investigate the role of in situ new particle production in the central Canadian sub-Arctic and Arctic as part of the TOPSE experiment. Airborne measurements conducted primarily in the free troposphere were made from 50° to 90°W longitude and 60° to 85°N latitude during the period from February to May 2000. Data pertinent to this paper include 3–4 nm diameter (Dp) particles, ultrafine condensation nuclei (Dp \u3e 3 nm), fine particles (0.2 \u3c Dp \u3c 3 μm), and the possible nucleation precursor, sulfuric acid, and its precursor, sulfur dioxide. For data averaged over this period, most species showed little evidence for a latitudinal trend. Fine aerosol number concentrations, however, showed a slight increase with latitude. The evolution of various species concentrations over the period of the study show that fine particles also had a consistent temporal trend, increasing at all altitudes from February to May, whereas sulfur dioxide at the surface tended to peak in late March. Ultrafine condensation nuclei and 3–4 nm particles showed no temporal trends. Little evidence for in situ new particle production was observed during the study, except for one atypical event where SO2concentrations were 3.5 ppbv, 2 orders of magnitude higher than typical levels. This paper cannot address the question of whether the observed condensation nuclei were produced in situ by a low particle production rate or transported from lower latitudes