Nonlinear optical response in doped conjugated polymers

Exciton effects on conjugated polymers are investigated in soliton lattice states. We use the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model with long-range Coulomb interactions. The Hartree-Fock (HF) approximation and the single-excitation configuration- interaction (single-CI) method are used to obtain optical absorption spectra. The third-harmonic generation (THG) at off-resonant frequencies is calculated as functions of the soliton concentration and the chain length of the polymer. The magnitude of the THG at the 10 percent doping increases by the factor about 10^2 from that of the neutral system. This is owing to the accumulation of the oscillator strengths at the lowest exciton with increasing the soliton concentration. The increase by the order two is common for several choices of Coulomb interaction strengths.Comment: Accepted for publication in J. Phys.: Condens. Matte

My colleagues (do not) think the same: Middle managers’ shared and separate realities in strategy implementation

How does middle managers’ sensemaking of other middle managers’ attitudes to a new strategy affect strategy implementation? We explore this question using a qualitative-abductive approach. Our investigation of the implementation of a top-down strategy in the plant of a multinational German engineering company revealed that middle managers experiencing ambiguity make sense of other middle managers’ attitudes to the strategy in social interactions. Based on their understanding of their colleagues’ attitudes, middle managers construct shared and separate realities about the strategy to be implemented. While shared realities are subjectively experienced commonalities, separate realities are subjectively experienced differences from others’ attitudes to the strategy. In our case, middle managers’ shared realities were associated with inaction on strategy implementation, whereas middle managers’ separate realities were related to initial actions to implement the strategy. Our findings suggest that middle managers’ sensemaking of other middle managers’ attitudes to a new strategy can shape their strategy implementation behavior

An interacting segment model of molecular electric tensor properties: Application to dipole moments, polarizabilities, and hyperpolarizabilities for the halogenated methanes

A previously developed interacting segment model [ISM—see J. Chem. Phys. 67, 2109 (1977)] is applied to a full‐scale treatment of the electric dipole moments, isotropic and anisotropic polarizabilities, and hyperpolarizabilities of a series of 12 halogenated methane molecules CXnY4−n(X,Y = H,F,Cl; n = 0–4). The ISM scheme enables the molecular properties considered to be fitted in terms of a set of ’’bare’’ electric tensor parameters for each bond, which are modified (’’dressed’’) by intramolecular electrostatic interactions. The computed results of the ISM scheme, and of a corresponding interaction‐free bond additivity model, are discussed in relation to the following: choice of geometric and bond parameters, quality of fit to experimentally determined molecular and bond properties, and predictive potential and general physical validity of the model. It is concluded that the ISM approach represents a substantial improvement over simple bond additivity as a basis for understanding molecular electric tensor properties.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/70686/2/JCPSA6-74-9-4858-1.pd

A near Fourier-transform limited optical parametric oscillator/amplifier system as a pulsed source for high resolution spectroscopy

© Copyright 2005 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE. This material is presented to ensure timely dissemination of scholarly and technical work. Copyright and all rights therein are retained by authors or by other copyright holders. All persons copying this information are expected to adhere to the terms and constraints invoked by each author's copyright. In most cases, these works may not be reposted without the explicit permission of the copyright holder.We use optical heterodyne and nonlinear-optical spectroscopic techniques to measure the near Fourier-transform limited output from a narrowband tunable injection-seeded, pulsed optical parametric oscillator/amplifier system that has a controllable frequency chirp of <10 MHzK.G.H. Baldwin, M. Kono, Y. He, R. T. White, B. J. Or

Making judgements about students making work : lecturers’ assessment practices in art and design.

This research study explores the assessment practices in two higher education art and design departments. The key aim of this research was to explore art and design studio assessment practices as lived by and experienced by art and design lecturers. This work draws on two bodies of pre existing research. Firstly this study adopted innovative methodological approaches that have been employed to good effect to explore assessment in text based subjects (think aloud) and moderation mark agreement (observation). Secondly the study builds on existing research into the assessment of creative practice. By applying thinking aloud methodologies into a creative practice assessment context the authors seek to illuminate the ‘in practice’ rather than espoused assessment approaches adopted. The analysis suggests that lecturers in the study employed three macro conceptions of quality to support the judgement process. These were; the demonstration of significant learning over time, the demonstration of effective studentship and the presentation of meaningful art/design work

The Legacy of Space Shuttle Flight Software

The initial goals of the Space Shuttle Program required that the avionics and software systems blaze new trails in advancing avionics system technology. Many of the requirements placed on avionics and software were accomplished for the first time on this program. Examples include comprehensive digital fly-by-wire technology, use of a digital databus for flight critical functions, fail operational/fail safe requirements, complex automated redundancy management, and the use of a high-order software language for flight software development. In order to meet the operational and safety goals of the program, the Space Shuttle software had to be extremely high quality, reliable, robust, reconfigurable and maintainable. To achieve this, the software development team evolved a software process focused on continuous process improvement and defect elimination that consistently produced highly predictable and top quality results, providing software managers the confidence needed to sign each Certificate of Flight Readiness (COFR). This process, which has been appraised at Capability Maturity Model (CMM)/Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) Level 5, has resulted in one of the lowest software defect rates in the industry. This paper will present an overview of the evolution of the Primary Avionics Software System (PASS) project and processes over thirty years, an argument for strong statistical control of software processes with examples, an overview of the success story for identifying and driving out errors before flight, a case study of the few significant software issues and how they were either identified before flight or slipped through the process onto a flight vehicle, and identification of the valuable lessons learned over the life of the project

Processing and Transmission of Information

Contains reports on four research projects.National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Grant NGL 22-009-013