The territorial dimension of electrical power consumption in Andalusia at detailed scales

El trabajo analiza las pautas espaciales seguidas por el consumo de energía eléctrica en los municipios andaluces. Sobre los 661 municipios que reciben suministro eléctrico de Sevillana-ENDESA, se toman en consideración 11 variables alusivas al consumo eléctrico total y sectorial y a factores económicos y demográfi cos determinantes de aquéllos. Su análisis permite observar la plasmación espacial de los consumos y realizar una tipología de los municipios con arreglo a su comportamiento consumidor. Como resultado de la tipología se establecen cinco tipos diferentes de municipios en la comunidad andaluza.This paper analyzes the spatial patterns followed by the consumption of electricity in the Andalusian municipalities. 11 variables related to the total and sectorial power consumption as well as economic and demographic factors of them have been taken into account in the 661 municipalities that receive electricity from Sevillana-ENDESA. Their analysis allows observing the spatial pattern of consumption and making a typology of municipalities according to their consumption behavior. As a result a typology with fi ve different types of municipalities is set out

Traditional market gardens and historical irrigation in Andalusia. Heritage bases, evolutionary dynamics and territorial keys for their present-day recovery

Esta comunicación se inscribe en un programa de investigación sobre las posibilidades de recuperación y perspectivas de futuro de las huertas tradicionales y regadíos históricos de Andalucía emprendido por un grupo de investigadores de la Universidad de Sevilla. Su objetivo es trasladar a la comunidad académica unas primeras reflexiones de este trabajo; a saber: 1) una somera descripción de sus rasgos patrimoniales y paisajísticos originarios, asociados a sus localizaciones primigenias; 2) un repaso de los procesos en los que estos espacios se han visto inmersos y sus resultados territoriales; y 3) unos primeros apuntes sobre las perspectivas funcionales que se abren a estas viejas agriculturas, derivadas de la asunción de nuevos marcos teórico-normativos (multifuncionalidad agraria, reconsideración de los espacios libres urbanos, Convenio Europeo del Paisaje) (REIG, 2002; FOLCH, 2003; CONSEJO DE EUROPA, 2000) y relacionadas con sus pautas actuales de localizaciónThis communication forms part of a research programme undertaken by a research group at the University of Seville on the possibility of recovering traditional market gardens and historical irrigation in Andalusia, and their future prospects. The purpose is to transmit some first reflections on this topic to the academic community, to be specific: 1) a compendium of the original heritage and landscape features of the original forms of irrigation connected with their original sites; 2) a review of the processes that they have been subject to (urban expansion, agro-rural crises, and the implementation of new irrigation), and 3) an outline of the prospects and possibilities of recovery for these old types of agriculture on the basis of their enduring landscape and heritage and compliance with differentiated functionalities connected with their current siting patterns

Mapa colaborativo de los conflictos del agua en Andalucía: [póster]

Proyecto: Atlas digital colaborativo de la justicia ambiental en el agua. Contribución a la transparencia y los datos abiertos en las políticas públicasEl mapa de los conflictos del agua en Andalucía es una herramienta que tiene como objetivo cartografiar y documentar de manera colaborativa los principales conflictos, debates e iniciativas sociales en torno al agua en Andalucía. El proyecto se inspira en el Atlas de la Justicia Ambiental (https://ejatlas.org/) y en el ideario del movimiento por una Nueva Cultura del Agua. Este proyecto de investigación-acción tiene por objetivo experimentar nuevas formas de co-producción de conocimiento que contribuyan tanto a mejorar la información sobre los conflictos del agua en Andalucía como a innovar en gobierno abierto en esta comunidad. El proyecto está coordinado por la Universidad de Sevilla y se apoya en la Red Andaluza de la Nueva Cultura del Agua (https://redandaluzaagua.org/)

Collaborative mapping of water conflicts in Andalusia, Spain

This project builds on previous studies, to construct a process of social and collaborative mapping that leads to the production of a map on water conflicts in Andalusia (Spain). This contributes to current debate in the field of Environmental and in particular Water Justice and the map is conceived as a knowledge tool to substantiate rights to a sustainable and ethical use of water for human and non-human uses (Hofrichter, 1994). Indeed, the process of building the map is understood as constructing a civic space for the effective exercise of social and environmental rights which civil society is responsible for together with the state (Brañes Ballesteros, 2004)

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030