Optimización de distribución indirecta de la división de helados de Nestlé Perú

La presente propuesta de tesis ha sido elaborada con la finalidad de optimizar la red de distribución indirecta de la división de helados de Nestlé Perú. Se entiende por distribución indirecta o venta indirecta al flujo de producto terminado desde el almacén central de Nestlé hacia sus clientes distribuidores, ubicados en distintas ciudades del Perú. El alcance del estudio comprende los procesos de almacenaje, transporte y distribución de los helados D’Onofrio para el canal de venta indirecta. El objetivo principal de su desarrollo es la optimización de los costos logísticos relacionados con el almacenaje, el transporte y la distribución de los productos terminados, brindando el nivel de servicio deseado a los distribuidores a nivel nacional, lo cual, en conjunto, permite asegurar la continuidad de la cadena de suministro de la compañía. El desarrollo de la propuesta está basado en: el diagnóstico de la situación actual de la cadena de abastecimiento de la división de helados; la presentación de alternativas de mejora de los procesos de almacenamiento, transporte y distribución de helados; la justificación cualitativa y cuantitativa de cada proyecto planteado, y conclusiones relacionadas con la implementación del proyecto integral elegido

A Cross-Sectional Survey on Burnout Prevalence and Profile in the Sicilian Population of Ambulance Driver-Rescuers

Introduction: Burnout is present at a high rate in emergency medicine. The ambulance driver-rescuers, who furnish first aid to the victims, are the non-medical part of the Italian 118-service staff. There is a lack of research on burnout risk in Italian Emergency Medical Services and, particularly, for this category of workers. The two Italian studies, including a little group of ambulance driver-rescuers, reported inconsistent findings. Hypothesis: This survey investigated for the first time the prevalence and exact profile of burnout in a large sample of Italian driver-rescuers. As a secondary aim, the study described how the items of the Italian version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) cluster in components in this sample. Methods: This cross-sectional census survey was conducted from June 2015 through May 2016 and involved all the driver-rescuers operating in Sicily, the biggest and most southern region of Italy. The subjects received a classification according to different profiles of burnout by using the Italian version of the MBI-HSS (burnout, engagement, disengagement, over-extension, and work-inefficacy). In order to explore the existence of independent factors, a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was conducted on the survey to obtain eigenvalues >one for each component in the data. Results: The final sample comprised 2,361 responders (96.6% of the initial sample). Of them, 29.8% were in burnout (95% confidence interval [CI], 27.8% to 31.8%) and 1.7% presented a severe form (95% CI, 1.1% to 2.3%); 30.0% were engaged in their work (95% CI, 21.0% to 34.8%), 24.7% of responders were disengaged (95% CI, 22.9% to 26.5%), 1.2% presented an over-extension profile (95% CI, 0.8% to 1.7%), and 12.6% felt work-inefficacy (95% CI, 11.3% to 14.1%). The factors loaded into a five-factor solution at PCA, explaining 48.1% of the variance and partially replicating the three-factor structure. The Emotional Exhaustion (EE) component was confirmed. New dimensions from Personal Accomplishment (PA) and Depersonalization (DP) sub-scales described empathy and disengagement with patients, respectively, and were responsible for the increased risk of burnout. Conclusions: These results endorse the importance of screening and psychological interventions for this population of emergency workers, where burnout could manifest itself more insidiously. It is also possible to speculate that sub-optimal empathy skills could be related to the disengagement and work-inefficacy feelings registered

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Drives Expansion of Low-Density Neutrophils Equipped With Regulatory Activities

In human tuberculosis (TB) neutrophils represent the most commonly infected phagocyte but their role in protection and pathology is highly contradictory. Moreover, a subset of low-density neutrophils (LDNs) has been identified in TB, but their functions remain unclear. Here, we have analyzed total neutrophils and their low-density and normal-density (NDNs) subsets in patients with active TB disease, in terms of frequency, phenotype, functional features, and gene expression signature. Full-blood counts from Healthy Donors (H.D.), Latent TB infected, active TB, and cured TB patients were performed. Frequency, phenotype, burst activity, and suppressor T cell activity of the two different subsets were assessed by flow cytometry while NETosis and phagocytosis were evaluated by confocal microscopy. Expression analysis was performed by using the semi-quantitative RT-PCR array technology. Elevated numbers of total neutrophils and a high neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio distinguished patients with active TB from all the other groups. PBMCs of patients with active TB disease contained elevated percentages of LDNs compared with those of H.D., with an increased expression of CD66b, CD33, CD15, and CD16 compared to NDNs. Transcriptomic analysis of LDNs and NDNs purified from the peripheral blood of TB patients identified 12 genes differentially expressed: CCL5, CCR5, CD4, IL10, LYZ, and STAT4 were upregulated, while CXCL8, IFNAR1, NFKB1A, STAT1, TICAM1, and TNF were downregulated in LDNs, as compared to NDNs. Differently than NDNs, LDNs failed to phagocyte live Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) bacilli, to make oxidative burst and NETosis, but caused significant suppression of antigen-specific and polyclonal T cell proliferation which was partially mediated by IL-10. These insights add a little dowel of knowledge in understanding the pathogenesis of human TB

The process to cope with COVID-19 supported by the control environment

Introducción: la falta de referencias sobre crisis semejantes a la Covid-19 hace difícil la predicción de un futuro inmediato. Como es lógico, los efectos presentes son fácilmente documentables, pero aquellos que dejarán huella en los distintos actores a medio y a largo plazo resultan más sujetos a debate.Objetivos: evidenciar el desempeño que tiene el ambiente de control como base de control interno, en el enfrentamiento a la Covid-19.Métodos: se diseñó el sistema de enfrentamiento a la COVID-19, al evidenciar el papel de los elementos del ambiente de control y su relación con el proceso de capital humano sanitario.Resultados: se tiene el mapa de proceso del sistema de enfrentamiento a la COVID-19 donde el control interno se materializa de manera transversal y se demuestra la importancia de los elementos del ambiente de control como la planificación, los valores éticos, idoneidad demostrada, estructura organizativa, las políticas y prácticas de recursos humanos y su relación con el desempeño de la gestión del capital humano sanitario.Conclusiones: la importancia reflejada en el desafío de la pandemia de los elementos del ambiente de control, como base del proceso transversal “control interno” del sistema de desafío a la COVID-19 y la importancia de la relación con los procesos de gestión de los elementos del capital humano sanitario; permitieron establecer una estrategia de mejora basadas en un plan de acción.Introduction: the lack of references to crises similar to COVID-19 in the past makes it difficult to predict what may happen in the immediate future. Logically, the present effects of this pandemic are without doubt documented, but those that will leave their mark on the different protagonists at medium and long-term are more subject to debate.Objectives: to demonstrate the role of the control environment as a basis for the internal control in coping with COVID-19.Methods: the strategy to cope with COVID-19 is designed; the role of the elements that are involved in the control environment and the relationship with the process of human-health capital is evidenced.Results: the process map to develop the strategy to cope with COVID-19 where the internal control is materialized in a cross-sectional approach, as the significance of the elements involved in the control environment such as: planning, ethical values, proven competences, organizational structure in addition to the human resources policies, and the practices, as well as the relationships with the actions established to direct the human-health capital.Conclusions: the impact reflected to cope with this pandemic along with the elements of the control environment, as the basis for the cross-sectional process (internal control) designed for the strategy to cope with COVID-19, as well as the importance of the processes and the relationships to direct the elements involved in human-health capital, allow establishing a strategy of improvement based on an action plan

Diagnosis of the tourism potential of the municipality of Báguanos

Tourism can become a strategy for local and regional development considering that tourism modes are increasingly expanding and adjusting to the needs of tourism consumers. The purpose of the research was oriented to diagnose the tourist potentialities of Báguanos municipality in Holguín province of Cuba, for the future implementation of a tourist development plan. The municipality and its potentialities for tourism development were characterized, the first two stages of the methodology used (Preparation and Diagnosis) were developed, it is concluded that Báguanos has a great amount of resources that are not being exploited and presents deficiencies in the management of the tourist infrastructure

Las prácticas de "doble rol" en los gobiernos corporativos de empresas chilenas

This project is an exploratory investigation on the mal practices of corporate government associated with the «double role» that some shareholders assume in a private or public company (totally orpartially state-owned). We will try to discover the various generic forms that these mal practices adopt, as well as explore the positive or negative perceptions that they generate on the Chilean corporate or institutional shareholders. Next, we will examine various alternatives to confrontthem (by reducing their occurrence or eliminating them) in order to improve the practices of corporate government in Chile.Este proyecto es una investigación exploratoria acerca de las malas prácticas de los gobiernos corporativos asociadas al «doble rol» que asumen ciertos actores (shareholder o stakeholder) enuna empresa privada o pública (total o parcialmente de propiedad del Estado). Se pretende detectarlas distintas formas genéricas que pueden adoptar estas malas prácticas, además de explorar las percepciones positivas o negativas que estas generan en los actores del ámbito empresarial o institucional chileno. Seguidamente, se examinan las distintas alternativas para enfrentarlas (ya sea disminuyendo su probabilidad de ocurrencia o eliminándolas), con la finalidad de mejorar las prácticas de gobierno corporativo en Chile

Metodologia para o seguimento e a avaliação dos Planos estratégicos estaduais de ciência, tecnologia e inovação, PEDCTI: uma proposta a partir do ciclo phva

This article elaborates on a methodological proposal for the monitoring and evaluation of departmental strategic science, technology and innovation plans (PEDCTI). To accomplish this objective, the literature related to the monitoring and evaluation of policies, programs and plans was reviewed, a methodology was built, a set of monitoring and evaluation indicators was designed, and finally a validation process thereof was conducted. This article provides decision makers and pedcti implementers with a tool for monitoring plans and the results of their implementation.El presente artículo desarrolla una propuesta metodológica para el seguimiento y evaluación de los Planes estratégicos departamentales de ciencia, tecnología e innovación, PEDCTI. Para alcanzar dicho objetivo se revisó la literatura relacionada con el seguimiento y la evaluación de políticas, programas y planes, se construyó una metodología y se diseñó una batería de indicadores de seguimiento y evaluación, y finalmente se realizó un proceso de validación de estos. Este artículo aporta a los tomadores de decisiones y encargados de implementar los PEDCTI una herramienta para el monitoreo de los planes y los resultados de su implementación.O presente artigo desenvolve uma proposta metodologica para o seguimento e a avaliacao dos planos estrategicos estaduais de ciencia, tecnologia e inovacao, PEDCTI.  Para atingir esse objetivo, revisou-se a literatura relacionada com o seguimento e a avaliacao de politicas, programas e planos, construiu-se uma metodologia e desenhou-se uma bateria de indicadores de seguimento e avaliacao; finalmente, realizou-se um processo de validacao destes. Este artigo contribui para os tomadores de decisao e encarregados de implantar os PEDCTI, uma ferramenta para a monitoracao dos planos e dos resultados de sua implantacao

Gestión del talento humano y desempeño laboral de los profesionales del Centro de Salud “Los Licenciados", Ayacucho 2019

El objetivo principal del trabajo fue determinar la relación que existe entre la gestión del talento humano y el desempeño laboral de los profesionales del Centro de salud “Los Licenciados”, Ayacucho 2019. Fue una investigación cuantitativa, de corte transversal, no experimental, correlacional. Se encuestó a 109 trabajadores de ese centro de salud. Los resultados se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva y la prueba Rho Spearman. En las conclusiones se demostró que hubo relación significativa, baja y positiva (r = 0.468) entre la gestión del talento humano y el desempeño laboral de los profesionales del Centro de salud “Los Licenciados”, Ayacucho 2019. Asimismo, se probó que no existió relación entre los conocimientos y el desempeño laboral de los profesionales del Centro de salud mencionado. Además, se demostró que hubo relación significativa, baja y positiva (r = 0.337) entre las habilidades y el desempeño laboral de los profesionales. Se demostró que hubo relación significativa, baja y positiva (r = 0.329) entre las motivaciones y el desempeño laboral de los profesionales de este Centro de salud y finalmente, se demostró que hubo relación significativa, moderada y positiva (r = 0.629) entre las actitudes y el desempeño laboral de los profesionales del Centro de salud “Los Licenciados”, Ayacucho 2019