El conocimiento mapuche a través de los poemas de Elicura Chihuailaf

This study examines some poems written by Elicura Chihuailaf in order to analyze the vision that mapuche people possess regarding their way of knowing, so as to understand the way these people have of conceiving nature and relating to it. With this in mind, this system of hermeneutic interpretation of Gadamer, as well as the bergsonian vision of 'intuition' and the concept of 'being' that Kusch set to refer to the natives worldview, have been applied.All of this has yielded as a result that the mapuche people know the world by means of contemplation, observation and interpretation of the language of nature, and the revelation through dreams. This implies that the way in which their knowledge is formed goes from inside to outside, which coincides with Bergson’s definition of 'intuition' and Kusch’s thesis about man, nature and divinity triad, which gives meaning to the indigenous thought.Este estudio examina algunos poemas de Elicura Chihuailaf con el objeto de analizar la visión que el pueblo mapuche posee en su forma de conocer, para así entender la manera que tiene de concebir la naturaleza y de relacionarse con ella. Con este fin se ha aplicado tanto el sistema de interpretación hermenéutica de Gadamer como la visión bergsoniana de “intuición”, y el “estar” que Kusch establece para referirse a la visión de mundo que poseen los pueblos originarios. Todo lo cual ha arrojado como resultado que el pueblo mapuche conoce por medio de la contemplación, la observaciónyla interpretación del lenguaje de la naturaleza y la revelación a través de los sueños. Esto último implica que la vía de la generación del conocimiento de dicho pueblo va desde lo interior hacia lo exterior, lo cual coincide con la definición que Bergson hace sobre “intuición” y con la tesis kuschiana sobre la tríada hombre, naturaleza y divinidad que da sentido al pensamiento indígena

Estudio de prefactibilidad para la creación de una empresa de seguridad privada que utiliza tecnología móvil

Tesis (Ingeniero Civil Industrial)En el presente proyecto se analizará la prefactibilidad de implementar una empresa de Seguridad la cual desarrollará diferentes actividades desde la comodidad de un “Smartphone”, ofreciendo además su correspondiente instalación y mantenimiento. Para esto se requerirán establecer diferentes estudios que posibilitarán un mejor entendimiento del escenario al cual se enfrenta el rubro de la Seguridad Privada, específicamente a través de estudios comercial, técnico y económico. Además de elaborar una plan de acción que permita establecer una estrategia competitiva de Marketing

EL ANÁLISIS DE LA PLATAFORMA VIRTUAL “REKO” DE LA UNIVERSIDAD TECNOLÓGICA METROPOLITANA DEL ESTADO DE CHILE, DESDE LA MIRADA DE EXPERTOS Y DOCENTES.

El siguiente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la plataforma virtual REKO de la Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana de Santiago de Chile (UTEM) desde la mirada de diversos actores, bajo un enfoque analítico interpretativo, descriptivo y cualitativo, de aspectos técnicos y pedagógicos. Se emplearon dos instrumentos de recolección de información; en primer lugar, entrevista a dos expertos en el área del diseño y del desarrollo de plataformas virtuales y, en segundo lugar, un grupo focal constituido por ocho docentes de la escuela de diseño de la UTEM. Frente a la información obtenida, mediante estos dos instrumentos, se obtuvieron dos categorías generales de análisis: una que corresponde a los aspectos técnicos y de diseño gráfico de REKO, y otra en relación a los criterios pedagógicos que debiese cumplir dicha plataforma. La investigación propone criterios técnicos y pedagógicos de análisis, que permitirán evaluar dicha plataforma como herramienta de apoyo a la educación superior.Palabras clave: Plataforma virtual, recursos tecnológicos, tecnología de información y comunicación.THE ANALYSIS OF THE VIRTUAL PLATAFORM “REKO” OF THE UNIVERSIDAD TECNOLÓGICA METROPOLITANA DEL ESTADO DE CHILE, FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF EXPERTS AND PROFESSORSAbstractThe following article maintains the objective of analyzing the virtual platform REKO, of the Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana de Santiago de Chile (UTEM), from the perspective of diverse actors under an analytical, interpretative, descriptive and qualitative point of view, applied to technical and pedagogical aspects. Two instruments of recollection were employed: firstly, an interview to two experts in design and virtual platform development and, in second place, a focal group constituted by eight professors of the School of Design of the UTEM. Considering the information obtained, through these two instruments, two general categories of analysis were obtained: one that corresponds to the technical and graphic design aspects of REKO, and another in relation to the pedagogical criteria that said platform must meet. The investigation proposes technical and pedagogical criteria of analysis that will allow the evaluation of this platform as a tool of support in superior education.Keywords: Virtual Platform, technological resources, informatics and communicational technology

Synovial fluid but not plasma interleukin-8 is associated with clinical severity and inflammatory markers in knee osteoarthritis women with joint effusion

Altres ajuts: 2017 Grant of Sociedad Española de Reumatología (SER)Several cytokines and adipokines are related to clinical severity and progression in knee osteoarthritis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations of IL-8 with clinical severity and with local and systemic adipokines and cytokines. This is a Cross-sectional study including 115 women with symptomatic primary knee osteoarthritis with ultrasound-confirmed joint effusion. Age, symptoms duration and body mass index were collected. Radiographic severity was evaluated according to Kellgren-Lawrence. Pain and disability were assessed by Lequesne and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score pain, symptoms and function scales. Three inflammatory markers and five adipokines were measured by ELISA in serum and synovial fluid. Partial correlation coefficient (PCC) and corresponding 95% confidence interval were used to evaluate association. Synovial fluid IL-8 was significantly associated with clinical severity scales. After controlling for potential confounders, associations measured by a Partial Correlation Coefficient (PCC) remained essentially unaltered for Lequesne (PCC = 0.237), KOOS pain (PCC = − 0.201) and KOOS symptoms (PCC = − 0.209), KOOS function (PCC = − 0.185), although the later did not reach statistical significance. Also in synovial fluid samples, associations were found between IL-8 and TNF (PCC = 0.334), IL6 (PCC = 0.461), osteopontin (PCC = 0.575), visfatin (PCC = 0.194) and resistin (PCC = 0.182), although significance was not achieved for the later after statistical control for confounders. None of these associations were detected in serum. In conclusion, IL-8 was associated with clinical severity, inflammatory markers and adipokines in synovial fluid, but not in blood. Although the reported associations are weak to moderate in magnitude, these findings reinforce the notion that local and not systemic inflammation is more relevant to clinical severity in knee OA women with joint effusion

Cd4 and cd8 lymphocyte counts as surrogate early markers for progression in sars-cov-2 pneumonia : A prospective study

Background: COVID-19 pathophysiology and the predictive factors involved are not fully understood, but lymphocytes dysregulation appears to play a role. This paper aims to evaluate lymphocyte subsets in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and as predictive factors for severe disease. Patient and methods: A prospective cohort study of patients with SARS-CoV-2 bilateral pneumonia recruited at hospital admission. Demographics, medical history, and data regarding SARS-CoV-2 infection were recorded. Patients systematically underwent complete laboratory tests, including parameters related to COVID-19 as well as lymphocyte subsets study at the time of admission. Severe disease criteria were established at admission, and patients were classified on remote follow-up according to disease evolution. Linear regression models were used to assess associations with disease evolution, and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) and the corresponding Area Under the Curve (AUC) were used to evaluate predictive values. Results: Patients with critical COVID-19 showed a decrease in CD3+CD4+ T cells count compared to non-critical (278 (485 IQR) vs. 545 (322 IQR)), a decrease in median CD4+/CD8+ ratio (1.7, (1.7 IQR) vs. 3.1 (2.4 IQR)), and a decrease in median CD4+MFI (21,820 (4491 IQR) vs. 26,259 (3256 IQR)), which persisted after adjustment. CD3+CD8+ T cells count had a high correlation with time to hospital discharge (PC = −0.700 (−0.931, −0.066)). ROC curves for predictive value showed lymphocyte subsets achieving the best performances, specifically CD3+CD4+ T cells (AUC = 0.756), CD4+/CD8+ ratio (AUC = 0.767), and CD4+MFI (AUC = 0.848). Conclusions: A predictive value and treatment considerations for lymphocyte subsets are suggested, especially for CD3CD4+ T cells. Lymphocyte subsets determination at hospital admission is recommended

Efecto del condroitín sulfato en la sinovitis de pacientes con artrosis de rodilla

Objetivo: Evaluar mediante ecografía el efecto del condroitín sulfato (CS) en la sinovitis de pacientes conartrosis (OA) de rodilla, y colaborar en el conocimiento de los mecanismos bioquímicos involucrados enla inflamación sinovial.Métodos: Estudio controlado, aleatorizado, ciego simple de 70 pacientes con OA de rodilla tratadosdurante 6 meses con CS o paracetamol (PCT). Los pacientes fueron visitados a tiempo basal, a las 6semanas, y a los 3 y 6 meses para valorar el estado de su OA según los siguientes parámetros: sinovi-tis evaluada mediante ecografía (según definición de expertos OMERACT); dolor y función, mediante laescala visual analógica y el índice de Lequesne; y concentración de mediadores inflamatorios en suero ylíquido sinovial, mediante ELISA.Resultados: El tratamiento con CS redujo en un 50% el número de individuos que presentaban sinovitis;sin embargo, se observó un incremento de un 123% en el grupo tratado con PCT. En los pacientes sinsinovitis inicial, se observó el establecimiento de esta en un 85,71 y 25% de los casos tratados con PCT yCS, respectivamente. Ambas terapias mejoraron la función articular, pero únicamente el tratamiento conCS produjo una mejora significativa del dolor al final del tratamiento. Se observó una asociación entre eltratamiento con CS y los cambios en la concentración de RANTES y UCN en el líquido sinovial.Conclusiones: El tratamiento con CS tiene un efecto mantenido beneficioso, previniendo la aparición desinovitis o disminuyendo su presencia, así como reduciendo los síntomas de la artrosis. El PCT tambiénmejora los síntomas clínicos, pero no tiene ningún efecto sobre la inflamación. Las variaciones observadasen la concentración de RANTES y UCN podrían estar relacionadas con el efecto antiinflamatorio asociadoal tratamiento con CS

Glucocorticoids' treatment impairs the medium-term immunogenic response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus patients

Limited data exists on SARS-CoV-2 sustained-response to vaccine in patients with rheumatic diseases. This study aims to evaluate neutralizing antibodies (nAB) induced by SARS-CoV-2 vaccine after 3 to 6 months from administration in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) patients, as a surrogate of sustained-immunological response. This cross-sectional study compared nAB titre of 39 SLE patients and 37 Healthy individuals with no previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, who had all received a complete regimen of a mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine within the last 3 to 6 months. We included four lines of SLE treatment including Not-treated, Hydroxychloroquine, immunosuppressive drugs and biological therapy. Glucocorticoids were allowed in all groups. Healthy and Not-treated individuals showed the highest levels of nAB. Treated patients presented lower nAB titres compared to Healthy: a 73% decrease for First-Line patients, 56% for Second-Line treatment and 72% for Third-Line. A multivariate analysis pointed to Glucocorticoids as the most associated factor with declining nAB levels (75% decrease) in treated SLE. Furthermore, a significant reduction in nAB titres was observed for Rituximab-users compared to Healthy subjects (89% decrease). Medium-term response of SLE patients to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines is negatively impacted in Glucocorticoids and Rituximab users. These findings might help to inform recommendations in vaccination protocols for SLE patients

Biomarker candidates for progression and clinical management of COVID-19 associated pneumonia at time of admission

COVID-19 pathophysiology is currently not fully understood, reliable prognostic factors remain elusive, and few specific therapeutic strategies have been proposed. In this scenario, availability of biomarkers is a priority. MS-based Proteomics techniques were used to profile the proteome of 81 plasma samples extracted in four consecutive days from 23 hospitalized COVID-19 associated pneumonia patients. Samples from 10 subjects that reached a critical condition during their hospital stay and 10 matched non-severe controls were drawn before the administration of any COVID-19 specific treatment and used to identify potential biomarkers of COVID-19 prognosis. Additionally, we compared the proteome of five patients before and after glucocorticoids and tocilizumab treatment, to assess the changes induced by the therapy on our selected candidates. Forty-two proteins were differentially expressed between patients' evolution groups at 10% FDR. Twelve proteins showed lower levels in critical patients (fold-changes 1.20-3.58), of which OAS3 and COG5 found their expression increased after COVID-19 specific therapy. Most of the 30 proteins over-expressed in critical patients (fold-changes 1.17-4.43) were linked to inflammation, coagulation, lipids metabolism, complement or immunoglobulins, and a third of them decreased their expression after treatment. We propose a set of candidate proteins for biomarkers of COVID-19 prognosis at the time of hospital admission. The study design employed is distinctive from previous works and aimed to optimize the chances of the candidates to be validated in confirmatory studies and, eventually, to play a useful role in the clinical practice

Los grabados del portuense Jacobo Vanderheyden para la inauguración de la iglesia de la Caridad de Arcos de la Frontera en 1767

Although the work of El Puerto artist Jacobo Vanderheyden Lechuga (1740-1813) as a silversmith is well-known, his activity as an engraver has been much less studied. Some new information is provided on the life of Vanderheyden and new engravings of the artist are shown, especially those related to the opening of the iglesia de la Caridad [Church of Charity] of Arcos de la Frontera (Cádiz) in 1767, which have been found in the auxiliary library of the Municipal Archives of Jerez.Del portuense Jacobo Vanderheyden Lechuga (1740-1813) es conocida su labor como platero, pero en menor medida ha sido estudiada su actividad como grabador. Se aportan algunos datos nuevos sobre la vida de Vanderheyden y se muestran nuevos grabados del autor, especialmente unos relacionados con la apertura de la iglesia de la Caridad de Arcos de la Fra. (Cádiz) en 1767, que han sido hallados en la biblioteca auxiliar del Archivo Municipal de Jerez