Effects of shrub and canopy cover on the relative growth rate (RGR) of Pinus pinaster seedlings of different sizes

Shrubs are recognized as important tree regeneration niches. In this study, we experimentally analysed the effects of shrub presence, canopy cover (closed cover and open cover-gaps), and seedling size on Pinus pinaster growth. Objective We expected that (1) seedling–shrub interaction would depend on seedling size and would shift from positive to negative with increasing size; (2) overstorey canopy would affect seedling–shrub interaction, with stronger and positive interactions in gaps, and (3) microsite factors would be affected by vegetation. Social status and plant size appeared to determine the post-shrub-treatment growth response. Results The effect of shrub on seedling growth varied with the canopy cover. Under closed canopy, there was a shift from a positive net effect on smaller seedlings to a negative net effect on mid-size seedlings, and then back to a positive net effect on larger seedling response. Under open canopy, a negative net effect was observed, with no change in the sign of the interaction as seedling size increased. Microenvironmental conditions varied in relation to overstorey and understorey vegetation, while soil conditions varied in relation to overstorey. The seedling–shrub interaction had both positive and negative net effects, which could help define the natural regeneration dynamic of P. pinaster.Instituto Universitario de Gestión Forestal Sostenibl

Cuantificación y representación geográfica del carbono acumulado en las masas forestales de la Comunidad Autónoma de Aragón a partir de datos del IFN

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Aspectos psicológicos de la astenia

The asthenia is a frequent symptom in the patients with cancer and has important repercussions on its quality of life. In this article east problem is approached from a psychological perspective, basing on empirical data and theoretical and scientific approaches to us of the field of psychology, with the purpose of obtaining a greater knowledge of this multifactorial phenomenon to be able to help as far as possible to confront better east form problem to multidiscipline and to diminish the suffering that can produce the in the patients with cancer. One concludes that the present boarding front to the disease emphasizes the necessity to conserve the habitual activities at a level adapted without causing frustration. The rest and lack of physical activity, like answer to the fatigue, they can (separately or jointly) induce or increase the asthenia. It is not only necessary to investigate in symptoms like the depression, the pain, or the asthenia of independent form, but also jointly; an effective treatment of the depression can alleviate the asthenia, but inversely the suitable treatment of pain can increase the asthenia. It is necessary to establish a measurement instrument that is valid, trustworthy, sensible to the changes, with that the different professionals we pruned to compare results

Disentangling the relationship between tree biomass yield and tree diversity in mediterranean mixed forests

Producción CientíficaTree biomass and the diversity relationship in mixed forest have an impact on forest ecosystem services provisions. Tree biomass yield is driven by several aspects such as species identity, site condition, stand density, tree age and tree diversity expressed as species mingling and structural diversity. By comparing diverse degrees of tree mixtures in natural forests, we can gain insight into the ecosystem services provision level and dynamic. Two monitoring sites in the Castilian Northern Plateau (Spain) have been analyzed to disentangle the relationships between biodiversity levels and tree biomass yield. Two permanent one hectare (ha) squared plots were established at Llano de San Marugán and Valdepoza. In each plot, all individual trees were measured (diameter and height), georeferenced and its species identity defined. Tree species in the two sites were Pinus sylvestris, Pinus nigra, Pinus pinea, Quercus pyrenaica, Quercus ilex, Quercus faginea and Juniperus thurifera. From these datasets, ten diversity indices that fall in three categories (species richness indices, species compositional/mingling indices and vertical structural indices) were used as predictor variables to fit several candidate models. By merging the trees by site (without considering the species identity) selected models include individual tree basal area as an explanatory variable combining by addition or interaction with diversity indices. When species are analyzed independently, structural diversity impacts on biomass yield in combination (additive or multiplicative) with tree size is negative for Pinus nigra and positive for the other species.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (PCIN-2017-027)FEDER - proyect COMFOR-SUDOE (Project Code: SOE4/PA/E1012

Multinomial logit estimation of a diameter growth matrix model of two Mediterranean pine species in Spain

Understanding diameter growth of the Mediterranean pine species is fundamental for evaluating and making appropriate strategic decisions in forest management. A matrix diameter growth model for two Mediterranean pine forest ecosystems in Spain has been developed. Methods Multinomial logistic (MNL) regression was employed to estimate the transition probabilities of a matrix growth model. The model combines individual tree and stand attributes and explores the effects of independent variables and their relationships with tree size and the probabilities of stand diameter growth. The aim was to predict growth of individual trees by diameter class for a 5-year period. Results MNL model results for diameter growth gave better predictions for Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton) than for Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Stand simulations showed that diameter growth probabilities depended on productivity and stand density. Stand simulations under fixed conditions showed that the probabilities of diameter growth increased as site productivity increased and decreased with increased stand density index. Conclusions This study demonstrates the usefulness of matrix growth models as tools to predict growth in Mediterranean pine forests. Stand density and site productivity are key factors in explaining Scots pine and Maritime pine forest growth in the study area.Instituto Universitario de Gestión Forestal Sostenibl

Linking the effects of nursery light and fertilization and post‑transplant first summer irrigation on the field survival and growth of Pinus pinaster seedlings

Seedling size-related functional attributes of Mediterranean forest species are critical traits to be considered in nursery practices aimed at improving the survival and performance of seedlings exposed to summer drought in dryland reforestation projects. We looked at how nursery light regimes and nitrogen fertilization affected the survival and performance of Pinus pinaster Ait. under contrasting post-planting watering regimes. Seedlings grown in the nursery for 13 months were given low or high nitrogen doses and exposed to three light regimes (full sun, medium light and low light). After outplanting, half of the seedlings were watered fortnightly during the hottest months of the first summer and the other half were left unwatered. Seedling size-related variables (shoot height, basal diameter, stem volume and sturdiness quotient) were measured at the beginning and at the end of the study, and summer drought survival was checked three times. Our results showed that fertilization and the nursery light regime influenced initial seedling quality and transplant stress. Post-plant- ing first summer watering also increased seedling survival probability. The medium-light and especially the full-sunlight regimes in the nursery decreased the probability of seedling mortality after outplanting. However, a low-light regime in the nursery negatively affected plant traits and increased the probability of post-planting seedling mortality. In comparison with low-N seedlings, high-N fertilization increased post-planting stress (evaluated in the change of sturdiness quotient after one field growth season), but did not affect survivalinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Linking the effects of nursery light and fertilization and post-transplant first summer irrigation on the field survival and growth of Pinus pinaster seedlings

Producción CientíficaSeedling size-related functional attributes of Mediterranean forest species are critical traits to be considered in nursery practices aimed at improving the survival and performance of seedlings exposed to summer drought in dryland reforestation projects. We looked at how nursery light regimes and nitrogen fertilization affected the survival and performance of Pinus pinaster Ait. under contrasting post-planting watering regimes. Seedlings grown in the nursery for 13 months were given low or high nitrogen doses and exposed to three light regimes (full sun, medium light and low light). After outplanting, half of the seedlings were watered fortnightly during the hottest months of the first summer and the other half were left unwatered. Seedling size-related variables (shoot height, basal diameter, stem volume and sturdiness quotient) were measured at the beginning and at the end of the study, and summer drought survival was checked three times. Our results showed that fertilization and the nursery light regime influenced initial seedling quality and transplant stress. Post-planting first summer watering also increased seedling survival probability. The medium-light and especially the full-sunlight regimes in the nursery decreased the probability of seedling mortality after outplanting. However, a low-light regime in the nursery negatively affected plant traits and increased the probability of post-planting seedling mortality. In comparison with low-N seedlings, high-N fertilization increased post-planting stress (evaluated in the change of sturdiness quotient after one field growth season), but did not affect survival.Ministerio de Ciencia y Educación (programa de investigación MEDFOR y Proyecto INTERNACIONALIZACIÓN DE ESTRUCTURAS DE INVESTIGACIÓN DE EXCELENCIA) (CL-EI-2021-05)Junta de Castilla y león (Proyecto "Escalera de la Excelencia -Instituto iuFOR" de la Universidad de Valladolid y cofinanciado por el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER "Europa impulsa nuestro crecimiento")) (CLU -2019-01)Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal) and the European Commission - grant (SFRH/PD/BD/135442/2017) and exceptional doctoral grant (COVID/BD/152046/2021)Erasmus Mundus International Master’s course in MEDFOR (Mediterranean Forestry and Natural Resources Management, Reference 520137-1-2011–1-PT-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC)Publicación en abierto financiada por el Consorcio de Bibliotecas Universitarias de Castilla y León (BUCLE), con cargo al Programa Operativo 2014ES16RFOP009 FEDER 2014-2020 DE CASTILLA Y LEÓN, Actuación:20007-CL - Apoyo Consorcio BUCL

Aspectos psicológicos de la astenia

The asthenia is a frequent symptom in the patients with cancer and has important repercussions on its quality of life. In this article east problem is approached from a psychological perspective, basing on empirical data and theoretical and scientific approaches to us of the field of psychology, with the purpose of obtaining a greater knowledge of this multifactorial phenomenon to be able to help as far as possible to confront better east form problem to multidiscipline and to diminish the suffering that can produce the in the patients with cancer. One concludes that the present boarding front to the disease emphasizes the necessity to conserve the habitual activities at a level adapted without causing frustration. The rest and lack of physical activity, like answer to the fatigue, they can (separately or jointly) induce or increase the asthenia. It is not only necessary to investigate in symptoms like the depression, the pain, or the asthenia of independent form, but also jointly; an effective treatment of the depression can alleviate the asthenia, but inversely the suitable treatment of pain can increase the asthenia. It is necessary to establish a measurement instrument that is valid, trustworthy, sensible to the changes, with that the different professionals we pruned to compare results

Assessing the performance of a handheld laser scanning system for individual tree mapping—A mixed forests showcase in Spain

Producción CientíficaThe use of mobile laser scanning to survey forest ecosystems is a promising, scalable technology to describe the 3D structure of forests at a high resolution. We use a structurally complex, mixed-species Mediterranean forest to test the performance of a mobile Handheld Laser Scanning (HLS) system to estimate tree attributes within a forest patch in central Spain. We describe the different stages of the HLS approach: field position, ground data collection, scanning path design, point cloud processing, alignment between detected trees and measured reference trees, and finally, the assessment of main tree structural attributes diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height considering species and tree size as control factors. We surveyed 418 reference trees to account for omission and commission error rates over a 1 ha plot divided into 16 sections and scanned using two different scanning paths. The HLS-based approach reached a high of 88 and 92% tree detection rate for the best combination of scanning path and point cloud processing modes for the HLS system. The root mean squared errors for DBH estimates varied between species: errors for Pinus pinaster were below 2 cm for Scan 02. Quercus pyrenaica, and Alnus glutinosa showed higher error rates. We observed good agreement between ALS and HLS estimates for tree height, highlighting differences to field measurements. Despite the complexity of the mixed forest area surveyed, our results show that HLS is highly efficient at detecting tree locations, estimating DBH, and supporting tree height measurements as confirmed with airborne laser data used for validation. This study is one of the first HLS-based studies conducted in the Mediterranean mixed forest region, where variability in tree allometries and spacing and the presence of natural regeneration pose challenges for the HLS approach. HLS is a feasible, time-efficient, scalable technology for tree mapping in mixed forests with potential to support forest monitoring programmes such as national forest inventories lacking three-dimensional, remote sensing data to support field measurements.European Union’s Horizon 2020 and Innovation Program Marie Skłodowska-Curie - (Grant 956355)Junta de Castilla y León y Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) - (projects “CLU‑2019‑01 and CL‑EI‑2021‑05—iuFOR Institute Unit of Excellence”)Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), project Interreg COMFOR‑SUDOE - (grant SOE4/P1/E1012

Transectos europeos de masas mixtas y puras: tripletes en España y principales resultados

El congreso tuvo lugar del 27 de junio al 1 de julio en Lérida (Cataluña).Diversificar la composición específica es una de las estrategias de adaptación de los sistemas forestales al cambio climático. Las masas mixtas pueden ofrecer una serie de ventajas frente a las puras, aunque los efectos de la mezcla varían entre composiciones específicas. En el marco de los proyectos europeos EUMIXFOR y REFORM se establecieron tres transectos formados por tripletes con el fin de estudiar el efecto de la mezcla en tres composiciones específicas importantes por su representatividad e interés forestal (pino silvestre mezclado con haya, con roble o con pícea). Cada triplete consta de una parcela mixta y dos parcelas puras de las respectivas especies. En este trabajo se presentan los tripletes instalados en España y los principales resultados obtenidos. La productividad es mayor en masas mixtas que en puras, siendo mayor la diferencia para la mezcla pino-haya. Las masas mixtas muestran una mayor diversidad estructural, con cambios en la alometría de las especies. Así mismo, la mezcla de especies promueve una mayor estabilidad temporal de la productividad, asociada con la asincronía del crecimiento entre especies. Finalmente, se observa que la mezcla modifica la respuesta a sequías extremas, aunque los resultados dependen de la especie y características del sitio