The Effect of Using Buxton Model in the Acquisition of Mathematical Concepts among Fifth Grade Students and their Attitudes towards Mathematics in Jordan

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of using Buxton model in the acquisition of mathematical concepts among fifth grade students and their attitudes towards mathematics. The researcher selected fifth grade students at Khalid Bin Al-Waleed and Ruqaya Bint Al-Rasoul schools in Irbid city and randomly selected an experimental group of (40) students from both schools, and a control group (44) students. The Buxton model was applied to the experimental group in the integers chapter. Teaching plans were developed for both groups, building a test in the acquisition of mathematical concepts and a scale of the trend towards mathematics. It was presented to a group of experts and specialists in the methods of teaching mathematics to find its reliability and to find also the ease, difficulty and discrimination factors. After applying the test and scale on both groups, the results showed that there were statistically significant differences between the two groups in the test of acquiring mathematical concepts for the benefit of the experimental group, and the absence of statistically significant differences between the students of the experimental group and the absence of statistically significant differences between the two groups in the scale of the trend towards mathematics, and the presence of statistically significant differences between the students of the experimental group and for the benefit of students, the researchers concluded that the Buxton model has an important role in the acquisition of mathematical concepts for students, and recommended the use of Buxton model in secondary schools. Keywords: Buxton model, mathematical concepts, attitudes towards mathematics, Ease factor, Difficulty factor, Discrimination facto

A process-based life cycle sustainability assessment of the space-based solar power concept

For space-based solar power (SBSP) to be considered as a truly viable renewable energy technology, there should be a clear environmental benefit gained from its application. Additionally, given the scale of investment and engineering development, the price of energy must remain comparable to terrestrial-based generation systems for commercial feasibility. For this reason, a process-based life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA) study was conducted to identify the life cycle environmental, economic and social impacts of the 1978 DOE/NASA Solar Power Satellite (SPS) Reference System. This was one of the first ever LCSA studies for space systems to be performed worldwide and was applied using a new LCSA tool for space missions developed at the University of Strathclyde. Taking a burden-based approach, the tool has been used to calculate environmental impacts across a wide range of different environmental impact categories and quantify costs over the system life cycle. The inclusion of social impacts adds additional depth to the analysis by showcasing the sociological impacts of the system on various stakeholder groups in line with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The calculated life cycle impacts were then analysed further to identify potential hotspots through multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) and by measuring the results against annual global impacts (AGIs) and planetary boundaries (PBs). Life cycle CO2e emissions and costs were then compared to terrestrial energy generation systems in order to benchmark the relative performance of the technology as part of the conventional energy mix. The results suggest that whilst the DOE/NASA SPS Reference System can generally be described as a ‘green’ and ‘cost-effective’ system, several design improvements can and should be made to lessen its life cycle impacts. Therefore, it is proposed that the identified hotspots are used as a baseline for comparison or as mission drivers to continually improve future SPS designs

Role of E-Commerce in Reducing Marketing Costs of Industrial Companies in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan

The study aimed to show the role of e-commerce in reducing marketing costs in the Jordanian industrial companies after the tremendous developments that took place in the commercial fields and the congestion of markets in companies and products and diverse and intensified competition among these companies to achieve profits emerged as one of the modern means of trade that contributed significantly to Changing the future of the business and contributed by facilitating the process of selling and buying electronically to increase the efficiency of companies and strengthen the competitive position and contributed through its role in marketing the company's products electronically to facilitate the process of Obtain products and services by customers at the specified time and speed and reduce the cost of marketing the company's products to a minimum. The researcher used the descriptive analytical method based on the previous studies related to e-commerce and marketing costs and the preparation of a questionnaire distributed to industrial companies to measure the impact of e-commerce on the marketing costs of advertising and promotion costs, storage and distribution costs, sales and distribution costs in industrial companies and the costs of marketing studies and research in companies Jordan Industrial Company. The study found that there is a significant impact on the use and application of e-commerce on the marketing costs of advertising and promotion costs, storage and distribution costs, selling and distribution costs in industrial companies and the costs of marketing studies and researches in Jordanian industrial companies Keywords: Marketing Costs ,E-Commerce,Jordanian industrial companies,E-Marketing DOI: 10.7176/RJFA/10-20-06 Publication date:October 31st 201

UK Space Energy Initiative : environmental impact assessment scoping review of an offshore rectenna in Scotland

This paper will present the results of an environmental impact assessment scoping report which was conducted to gain a professional scoping opinion on the development of a hypothetical offshore rectenna site located in the Highlands and Islands local authority region to enable space-based solar power to the UK. The construction, operational and decommissioning phases of the development will be discussed throughout the paper with a specific focus on environmental impacts. Different levels of UK and Scottish policy and legislation will be used to highlight the requirements and contribution of the development towards sustainable development. Furthermore, it will allow for a deeper understanding of how the development can aid the 78% UK emission reduction target by 2035 and the UK net-zero target by 2050. Policy covered in this scoping report includes Space Policy, Renewable Energy Policy, Climate Change Policy, Research Policy Conservation Policy and Planning Policy. Overall, this scoping report has been prepared to address likely significant impacts that the proposed rectenna site might have on the environment. The initial assessment of likely effects and mitigation techniques to prevent or reduce impacts have been explored for each of the following three groups: (1) the offshore physical environment; (2) the offshore biological environment; and (3) the offshore human environment. Across each group, the development will have either a positive and/or negative effect. A scoping matrix was applied to analyse the initial classification of impacts’ significance. From this, it was found that the development has the potential to increase renewable energy usage and aid carbon reduction targets which will help with UK commitments, whilst being in line with Scottish planning policies, regulations and guidance. Despite these findings, ongoing consultations with various interested parties are expected thorough the full length of the development. Working closely with the relevant authorities means that any issues can be resolved as early as possible in the development plans. It is advised that further baseline studies and data collections take place to examine the issues laid out during the scoping in a more detailed view. Therefore, going forward, the following recommendations should be considered: (1) further consultation with local authorities as well as relevant stakeholders; (2) an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and/or Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA); and (3) ensure that the development is known to public and communities on the coastline near the development. These recommendations will allow any potential significant impacts to be kept to a minimum and ensure any alternatives are explored as early as possible in the development. Following consultation with local authorities, an extensive EIA should be carried out. The environmental impact assessment scoping report presented as part of this paper could serve as an excellent support document for this purpose

Life cycle assessment of the UK Space Energy Initiative technology roadmap

This paper aims to provide an overview of the environmental footprint of the U Space Energy Initiative (SEI) technology roadmap based on the CASSIOPeiA solar power satellite (SPS) system using the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. The information covers the time period from 2022 to 2080 and is relevant for five stratospheric SPS prototypes, five low Earth orbit (LEO) SPS prototypes and twenty-five full-scale CASSIOPeiA systems which are capable of generating 2 gigawatts (GW) of power each and delivering this directly to the grid. Each CASSIOPeiA system has been modelled on the assumption that it will operate at 2.45 gigahertz (GHz) with 4-sun CPV variant in geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) for an average lifetime of thirty years. Primary data was collected from the SEI Technical Working Group and is considered to be representative of the current SEI technology roadmap. This information was collected using a simple Excel Spreadsheet titled ‘SEI LCA 1.0’. The file contains relevant information pertinent to the content of this paper but was considered too large to attach as an annex. Despite this, it should be noted that whilst the majority of the collected data was considered to be robust and of a sufficiently high data quality, the manufacturing & production of the rectenna was mainly based on well-judged estimations and data extrapolations. The results indicate that the manufacturing & production of the offshore rectennas is a particular hotspot, drawing similarities to the findings of Wilson et al. (2020). This was mainly due to the significance of their size, which cover an area of 76.97 km2 each. More specifically, the most impacting area of the rectenna manufacturing & production is the turning and casting of aluminium, the turning of steel and the transmission network. However, based on a planetary boundary perspective, impacts stemming from ozone depletion and freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity may be considered as even more significant environmental hotspots. Moreover, since one of the main purposes of implementing this technology is to address climate change, this places an added importance on the Global Warming Potential (GWP) impact category. In this regard, for the stated time period, the life cycle carbon footprint of the SEI technology roadmap was found to be 3.22E+11 kg CO2 eq., which equates to 79.4% of the UK’s entire carbon footprint in 2020. However, considering the vast amount of energy delivered, this produces a value of 23.6 gCO2e/kWh which was found to be highly comparable with terrestrial-based energy systems and produces a carbon payback period of less than 6 years based on the current carbon intensity of the UK energy fuel mix. As such, the findings of this paper suggest that SEI technology roadmap provides a credible solution for the assisting UK efforts on net-zero commitments, at least from an environmental viewpoint. However, several design improvements could be made to lessen its environmental impact further. For this reason, several recommendations are outlined to assist in lowering the carbon footprint and making the system as eco-friendly as technically possible

From life cycle assessment of space systems to environmental communication and reporting

Within the European space sector, heightened interest in Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has been stimulated by an increased motivation and urgency on quantifying environmental consequences of space activities. The associated growth in the application of this method places a greater emphasis on obtaining high levels of transparency, reliability and validity of all ensuing environmental claims. As such, the purpose of this study is to present a potential pathway for effective space-specific environmental communication and reporting. The paper outlines the results of a scoping exercise designed to map the specificities of the space sector against the ISO 14025:2006 standard on environmental labels and declarations. This was based on a literature review conducted to obtain the current state of knowledge within the space industry whilst drawing upon the procedures and experiences of other sectors, with particular consideration to Product Environmental Footprint Category Rule (PEFCR) development. The findings from this activity have been used to formulate a harmonised framework for environmental communication and reporting purposes in the context of the European space sector. The framework provides a comprehensive set of voluntary operating procedures which intend to act as preliminary guidance for European industrial stakeholders and national agencies. The paper goes on to discuss potential future framework refinements and provides a list of recommendations to advance sectoral practices further. This includes a call for the establishment of an industry specific platform to enhance the harmonisation of LCA development and ensure rigorous verification and validation of environmental claims

Stroke prevention strategies in North American patients with atrial fibrillation:the GLORIA-AF registry program

Thrombosis and Hemostasi

Predictors of NOAC versus VKA use for stroke prevention in patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation: Results from GARFIELD-AF.

INTRODUCTION: A principal aim of the Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) was to document changes in treatment practice for patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation during an era when non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) were becoming more widely adopted. In these analyses, the key factors which determined the choice between NOACs and vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) are explored. METHODS: Logistic least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression determined predictors of NOAC and VKA use. Data were collected from 24,137 patients who were initiated on AC ± antiplatelet (AP) therapy (NOAC [51.4%] or VKA [48.6%]) between April 2013 and August 2016. RESULTS: The most significant predictors of AC therapy were country, enrolment year, care setting at diagnosis, AF type, concomitant AP, and kidney disease. Patients enrolled in emergency care or in the outpatient setting were more likely to receive a NOAC than those enrolled in hospital (OR 1.16 [95% CI: 1.04-1.30], OR: 1.15 [95% CI: 1.05-1.25], respectively). NOAC prescribing seemed to be favored in lower-risk groups, namely, patients with paroxysmal AF, normotensive patients, and those with moderate alcohol consumption, but also the elderly and patients with acute coronary syndrome. By contrast, VKAs were preferentially used in patients with permanent AF, moderate to severe kidney disease, heart failure, vascular disease, and diabetes and with concomitant AP. CONCLUSION: GARFIELD-AF data highlight marked heterogeneity in stroke prevention strategies globally. Physicians are adopting an individualized approach to stroke prevention where NOACs are favored in patients with a lower stroke risk but also in the elderly and patients with acute coronary syndrome

Important of Competitiveness of Jordanian External Auditor and the Factors Affecting It Working in IT environment

The study aims to identify the factors that affect the competitiveness of Jordanian external auditors working in the information technology (IT) environment. In addition, it has identified to which extent the auditor is aware of the concept and the importance of competitiveness in the information technology environment. It has also touched upon the most important factors affecting the competitiveness of the audit process conducted in an information technology environment. To achieve the purposes of the study, the researcher has used a descriptive method in which literature of audit has been reviewed; furthermore, a questionnaire has been designed and distributed to a group of auditors in Jordan. The study has found that Jordanian auditors are highly aware of the concept and importance of competitiveness of audit offices working in an information technology environment. In addition, the study has indicated that there are a set of factors that affect the competitiveness of auditors; these factors are as follows: using information technology in audit services, audit fees, and  professional performance quality as well as professional specialization of auditor in electronic systems plus  internal control in IT environment and adherence to the regulations and instructions related to information technology governance in an information technology environment Keywords:Competitiveness of Auditor, Professional Performance quality, Audit Fees, Professional Specialization, Audit Offices in Jordan. DOI: 10.7176/RJFA/13-6-03 Publication date:March 31st 202

Importance of Electronic Accounting Information Systems in Improving Financial Information Security in Jordanian Electronic Payment and Money Transfer Companies

Purpose: The study aimed to assess the level of effectiveness of electronic accounting information systems in enhancing the security and control of financial information in Jordanian payment and electronic transfer companies and its ability to provide reliability. And analyzing the ability of the system used in the payment and financial transfer companies to meet the operational requirements imposed by the regulators of the sector.   Theoretical framework:  The theoretical framework dealt with the topics of the study from the security threats of electronic accounting information systems (Jacob, 2012: 67) and the risks of accounting information systems that are related to electronic payment systems, especially information security (Al-Maghribi, 2017). Accounting in reducing the risks of transactions, and the obstacles facing accounting systems in the face of the risks and threats of electronic systems   Design/Methodology/Approach: The researcher used the inductive approach by referring to the literature related to the subjects of the study and the deductive approach in the field study by distributing a questionnaire to the electronic payment companies in Jordan. 96 questionnaires were retrieved.  Using the spss program to analyze the data and reach the results   Findings: The study Fined that there are factors that help to penetrate the accounting information systems in the Jordanian electronic payment and financial transfer companies. Network communication. Electronic accounting information in enhancing the security of financial information and control over it, and there are (obstacles) in providing security requirements and information control, in electronic payment and financial transfer companies related to the rapid development of electronic financial systems and electronic payment methods and their development.   Research, practical & social implications:  This study is considered one of the important and modern topics because electronic payment processes are considered one of the modern concepts with which many risks are associated. This study sheds light on these risks and threats and the ability of the strong accounting system to confront these threats and risks..   Originality/Value: The results indicate the importance of the topic and the importance of conducting a study on the risks of electronic payment systems, the threats facing the use of electronic payment methods and the obstacles facing accounting information systems in one of the newly established economic sectors in Jordan, which is the electronic payment companies