Adaptation and validation of the Spanish version of the DOS questionnaire for the detection of orthorexic nervosa behavior

Introduction Orthorexia nervosa, a term used to describe an obsession with healthy eating, has been shown to have major health implications for those affected. The aim of this study was to validate a Spanish version of the Du¨ sseldorfer Ortorexie Skala (DOS), a questionnaire for the detection of orthorexic behavior. Methods A cross-sectional study comprising a total sample of 492 Spanish participants recruited from the University of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain, and randomly divided into two groups. The following tools were applied: the DOS and the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI-2). The factorial structures were analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory factorial analysis. Results The internal consistency of the DOS-ES was α = .841. The exploratory factor analysis has revealed the existence of a single factor with factor loadings ranging from .508 to .802. A confirmatory factor analysis was applied to the second half of the random sample in order to confirm the factor solution. Conclusion The Spanish adaptation of the DOS-ES is proven to be a reliable and valid questionnaire for evaluating the obsessive tendency towards healthy eating among university students

Management of Primary Dysmenorrhea among University Students in the South of Spain and Family Influence.

The present study analyses the management of primary dysmenorrhea by university students in the south of Spain. In this cross-sectional observational study, 224 women participated, using an ad hoc self-report questionnaire about menstrual pain and self-care and including sociodemographic and gynecological variables. Some 76.8% of participants consumed analgesics and the majority self-medicated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) without consulting a health professional, with a correlation between pain intensity and the number of pills ingested during menstruation (r = 0.151, p < 0.05). The higher proportion of women who found their analgesia effective were those who took medication after being prescribed by a health care provider (60.8%) compared to those who self-medicated (40%; p < 0.01). Only 43.8% employed non-pharmaceutical methods, most commonly antalgic positions, massages and local heat. These choices were not related to the intensity of menstrual pain nor with the severity of the dysmenorrhea, nor did these most common methods prove to be the most effective. However, a higher percentage of women using non-pharmacological methods was identified in women with family members suffering from dysmenorrhea (73.2%) compared to those without (60%; p = 0.040), which may indicate that the choice of remedies is more related to learning self-care in the family context. This study identifies the need for education on self-care and management of menstrual pain.post-print338 K

Influence of Craniosacral Therapy on Anxiety, Depression and Quality of Life in Patients with Fibromyalgia

Fibromyalgia is considered as a combination of physical, psychological and social disabilities. The causes of pathologic mechanism underlying fibromyalgia are unknown, but fibromyalgia may lead to reduced quality of life. The objective of this study was to analyze the repercussions of craniosacral therapy on depression, anxiety and quality of life in fibromyalgia patients with painful symptoms. An experimental, double-blind longitudinal clinical trial design was undertaken. Eighty-four patients diagnosed with fibromyalgia were randomly assigned to an intervention group (craniosacral therapy) or placebo group (simulated treatment with disconnected ultrasound). The treatment period was 25 weeks. Anxiety, pain, sleep quality, depression and quality of life were determined at baseline and at 10 minutes, 6 months and 1-year post-treatment. State anxiety and trait anxiety, pain, quality of life and Pittsburgh sleep quality index were significantly higher in the intervention versus placebo group after the treatment period and at the 6-month follow-up. However, at the 1-year follow-up, the groups only differed in the Pittsburgh sleep quality index. Approaching fibromyalgia by means of craniosacral therapy contributes to improving anxiety and quality of life levels in these patients

Relationship between Diet, Menstrual Pain and other Menstrual Characteristics among Spanish Students.

This study sought to describe and compare adherence to the Mediterranean diet and consumption of local foods from the Huelva region among Spanish university women in relation to menstrual pain and other menstrual characteristics. This cross-sectional study included 311 health science students. The study variables were sociodemographic and gynecologic characteristics, adherence to the Mediterranean diet using the KIDMED questionnaire, alcohol consumption (SDU) and consumption of local food. A descriptive bivariate analysis and multiple binary regression were performed for menstrual pain. Up to 55.3% of participants had moderate adherence to the Mediterranean diet and only 29.6% had high adherence. Women with low adherence had longer menstrual cycles (p < 0.01). Eating less than two pieces of fruit per day (OR = 3.574; 95%CI = 1.474– 8.665; p < 0.05) and eating pulses more than one day a week (OR = 2.320; 95%CI = 1.006–5.348) raised the probability of suffering menstrual pain. A positive correlation between SDU and cycle length was identified (r = 0.119, p = 0.038), and menstrual bleeding was lower in women who consumed olive oil daily (p = 0.044). In conclusion, the Mediterranean diet, alcohol consumption and consuming typical foods from southern Spain appear to influence cycle length, menstrual flow and menstrual pain. Further research is necessary to confirm and expand these findings.post-print315 K

Absenteeism during Menstruation among Nursing Students in Spain

Absenteeism can clearly have a negative impact on academic performance among university students. Certain experiences or symptoms such as menstrual pain are very common in women and can lead to absenteeism. The current study was aimed at examining the presence of menstrual experiences or symptoms and their impact upon absenteeism among healthy (illness-free) female university nursing students in Spain. A total of 299 students participated in this research, which was a descriptive cross-sectional, observational study. An ad hoc online questionnaire was used based on sociodemographic and gynecological data, together with the noted menstrual experiences; the most prevalent of which were bloating, which affected 87.3% of students; dysmenorrhea and irritability, which affected 76.3%; and fatigue, which affected 70.6%. Students with dysmenorrhea had a 6.95 higher (odds ratio (OR) 6.95; 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.39–14.25) odds of absenteeism; in those who reported dizziness, the odds of absenteeism was 4.82 times higher (OR 4.82; 1.76–13.23); in those who manifested nausea and vomiting, the percentage of absenteeism was 3.51 higher (OR 3.51; 95% CI 1.51–8.15); in those who presented sleep alterations, the odds were 2.95 higher (OR 2.95; 95% CI 1.39–6.25); and for those who felt depressed the odds were 2.18 times higher (OR 2.18; 95% CI 1.21–3.94) Absenteeism was found to be more likely in women with dysmenorrhea. However, in addition, higher odds of absenteeism were also found in women with nausea and vomiting, dizziness, sleep disorders, and those who feel depressed. These menstrual experiences can be considered a relevant problem among young women, leading to absenteeism, and a negative influence on academic performance. It is essential to raise awareness of the socioeconomic impact of absenteeism and establish new strategies for improving menstrual experiences.El ausentismo claramente puede tener un impacto negativo en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes universitarios. Ciertas experiencias o síntomas como el dolor menstrual son muy comunes en las mujeres y pueden derivar en ausentismo. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo examinar la presencia de experiencias o síntomas menstruales y su impacto en el ausentismo entre estudiantes universitarias de enfermería sanas (libres de enfermedades) en España. En esta investigación participaron un total de 299 estudiantes, la cual fue un estudio observacional transversal descriptivo. Se utilizó un cuestionario online ad hoc basado en datos sociodemográficos y ginecológicos, junto con las experiencias menstruales anotadas; los más prevalentes fueron la distensión abdominal, que afectó al 87,3% de los estudiantes; dismenorrea e irritabilidad, que afectó al 76,3%; y fatiga, que afectó al 70,6%. Los estudiantes con dismenorrea tenían una probabilidad de ausentismo 6,95 mayor (odds ratio (OR) 6,95; intervalo de confianza (IC) del 95 % 3,39–14,25); en los que refirieron mareos, la probabilidad de ausentismo fue 4,82 veces mayor (OR 4,82; 1,76-13,23); en los que manifestaron náuseas y vómitos el porcentaje de ausentismo fue 3,51 mayor (OR 3,51; IC 95% 1,51-8,15); en los que presentaban alteraciones del sueño, las probabilidades eran 2,95 mayores (OR 2,95; IC 95% 1,39-6,25); y para aquellas que se sentían deprimidas, las probabilidades eran 2,18 veces mayores (OR 2,18; IC del 95 %: 1,21–3,94). Se encontró que el ausentismo era más probable en mujeres con dismenorrea. Sin embargo, además, también se encontraron mayores probabilidades de ausentismo en mujeres con náuseas y vómitos, mareos, trastornos del sueño y aquellas que se sienten deprimidas. Estas experiencias menstruales pueden considerarse un problema relevante entre las mujeres jóvenes, que conduce al ausentismo, y una influencia negativa en el rendimiento académico. Es fundamental concienciar sobre el impacto socioeconómico del absentismo y establecer nuevas estrategias para mejorar las experiencias menstruales

Menstrual Migraine Among Spanish University Students.

Purpose:This study sought to determine the prevalence of menstrual migraine among female university studentsat the Nursing Faculty of Ciudad Real and to determine possible risk factors.Design and methods:A cross-sectional observational study was performed using a self-report questionnaire. Twohundred and ninety-nine femaleuniversity students participated inthestudy;all were enrolledin the2017/2018academic year at the Faculty of Nursing. Participants were over the age of 18 years and without any diagnosedgynecological pathology. The main measurement tools were menstrual migraine between days−2 and +3 ofthe menstrual cycle, over the previous six cycles.Results:The prevalence of menstrual migraine was 45.15%, identifying the following possible risk factors: dys-menorrhea (OR 9.19; 1.62–6.28% CI), use of hormonal contraceptive methods (OR 2.60; 95% CI 1.30–5.20), men-strual irritability (OR 2.34; 95% CI 1.25–4.40), menstrual dizziness (OR 2.05; 95% CI % 1.12–3.75) and dailyconsumption of cola beverages (OR 1.85; 95% CI % 1.04–3.32).Conclusions:The prevalence of this problem is high among our population and the approach is complex.Practice implications: It is necessary to continue to research the pharmacological measures and methods of phar-macological pain relief as well as interventions directed at lifestyle modifications considering the potential riskfactors involved in menstrual migrainepost-print393 K

Adaptation and validation of the Euthanasia Attitude Scale into Spanish

Background: Considering the extensive debate that is currently taking place in Spain regarding euthanasia, it is important to examine the attitude of professionals who perform most of their duties at the bedside of these patients and their families. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to present an adaptation and validation of the Euthanasia Attitude Scale and to evaluate its psychometric properties among a sample of nursing students in Spain. Research design: A cross-sectional study design was conducted. Participants and research context: Non-probabilistic sampling was used to recruit 396 Spanish nursing students. Methods: A self-report questionnaire, including socio-demographic data and the Euthanasia Attitude Scale, were used for data collection. The psychometric properties of the Euthanasia Attitude Scale were assessed, including reliability and validity. Fit indices of the overall model were computed. Ethical considerations: This study was approved by the Hospital Ethical Committee. Students were informed of the aims and procedures and provided written informed consent prior to data collection. Results: The factorial solution comprised four domains and the scale demonstrated adequate internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha ¼ .878). For the exploratory factor analysis, the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin index of sampling adequacy was .905 and the Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity was 2972.79 (p < .001). The initial factorial solution revealed four factors with eigenvalues of 6.78 for the first factor, 1.90 for the second one, 1.29 for the third, and 1.10 for the fourth factor. Moreover, there was a significant relationship between religiosity and the domains of the Euthanasia Attitude Scale. Discussion: This study obtained a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of .88 which is in consonance with the findings reported by other studies whereby none of the items were removed and the initial structure based on four domains was conserved, with a factorial solution that explains 52.79% of the total variance. The displacement of some items of the domain may be explained by certain religious and/or cultural components as, in accordance with other studies, people with firm religious beliefs are more inclined to refuse euthanasia. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, the Euthanasia Attitude Scale is a reliable and valid instrument to measure the attitudes toward euthanasia in a sample of Spanish nursing students. This Spanish adaptation will be valuable in future studies examining the attitude and implication of nurses, understanding that nurses are key figures in the euthanasia debate

Structural validation of ORTO-11-ES for the diagnosis of orthorexia nervosa

Purpose The ORTO-11-ES questionnaire is a tool to assess the pathological obsession displayed by some individuals regarding healthy eating. The aims of this study were (1) to confirm the factor structure of the Spanish version of ORTO-11-ES using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and (2) to examine the possible association between the ORTO-11-ES score, gender and body mass index (BMI). Methods The sample comprised 492 students from the University of Castilla la Mancha, Spain. Of these, 280 were women (56.9%). Participants were surveyed using the ORTO-11-ES questionnaire. Results The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported the 11 elements and 3 domains of this tool as the better fitting model; for the Comparative Fit Index (CFI) and the Tucker–Lewis Index (TLI), the values were 0.94 and 0.91, respectively, and the Root Mean-Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) was 0.058. The tendency towards orthorexic behavior is more associated with the female gender. The BMI had no influence on the tendency for ON. Conclusions This study is the first attempt to confirm the three-factor structure of a Spanish version of the ORTO-15 questionnaire. These findings suggest that the ORTO-11-ES may be a valuable tool for identifying subjects with specific eating behavior patterns. This information may be useful for health professionals involved in the research, development and implementation of interventions catered to individuals suffering from this eating disorder. Level of evidence Level V, descriptive cross-sectional study

Food Preferences in Undergraduate Nursing Students and Its Relationship with Food Addiction and Physical Activity

The transition to college is a decisive stage for the acquisition of eating habits that continue into adulthood. The aim of this study is to assess the consumption of healthy elements of the Mediterranean diet in a group of university students and to evaluate whether the consumption pattern was related to sex, Body Mass Index (BMI), food addiction or the amount of physical activity performed. A total of 515 nursing students participated. The Mediterranean diet adherence questionnaire (PREDIMED), the food addiction scale (YFAS 2.0) and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) were completed. For data analysis, multivariate analysis was performed with multiple linear regression and adjusted for sex, age, and BMI. The results showed that females consumed various types of meats (white/red, processed) in a healthier proportion (p < 0.05). Students that consumed more than one per day (unhealthy) of red/processed meats (mean difference (MD) = −0.49; 95% CI: −0.83; −0.15), soft drinks (MD = −0.82; 95% CI: 82–1.36; −0.27) and pastries (MD = −0.63; 95% CI: −0.97; −0.30) displayed higher food addiction scores. In addition, students who skipped breakfast also scored higher on food addiction (MD = 0.75; 95% CI: 0.31–1.19). Higher values of physical activity were observed in those who presented a healthy consumption of vegetables (MD = 140.86; 95% CI: 72.71–209.02), fruit (MD = 145.78; 95% CI: 69.35–222.21), legumes (MD = 136.46; 95% CI: 60.43–212.50) and nuts (MD = 74.36; 95% CI: 14.23–134.49). Students who consumed more red or processed meats, more pastries and more soft drinks had higher values of food addiction, while those who consumed more vegetables, fruits, legumes, and nuts had more minutes of physical activity per week. These findings invite us to insist on expanding knowledge regarding the health benefits of consuming a Mediterranean-type diet as a whole. The healthy consumption of fish, fruit and legumes should also be emphasized, especially among university students

Physical Activity and Sedentary Lifestyle in University Students: Changes during Confinement Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic

Regular physical activity is related to many factors in a university student’s environment. The coronavirus pandemic and the resulting lockdown have restricted many elements of our environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate students’ physical activity and sedentary behaviour at two points in time: before and during the coronavirus lockdown. As a secondary aim, we also wanted to look at changes resulting from other factors (alcohol, tobacco, diet, stages of change, symptoms of anxiety/depression and sociodemographic characteristics). We conducted an observational, cross-sectional, pre-post study with two cut-off points. Two hundred and thirteen students took part in the study. The main dependent variables were physical activity and sitting time, measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire—Short Form (IPAQ-SF). Parametric and non-parametric tests were used for paired and unpaired data, as well as group-stratified analysis. During lockdown, both weekly physical activity (MD: −159.87; CI: −100.44, −219.31) and weekly sitting time increased (MD: −106.76; CI: −71.85, −141.67). In the group analysis, differences were observed in relation to gender, year of study, BMI, alcohol consumption, tobacco use, symptoms of anxiety/depression, Mediterranean diet, living situation and stage of change. The results showed an increase in both physical activity and sitting time globally and by group.La actividad física regular está relacionada con muchos factores en el entorno del estudiante universitario. La pandemia de coronavirus y el confinamiento resultante han restringido muchos elementos de nuestro entorno. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la actividad física y el comportamiento sedentario de los estudiantes en dos momentos: antes y durante el confinamiento por el coronavirus. Como objetivo secundario, también queríamos observar los cambios resultantes de otros factores (alcohol, tabaco, dieta, etapas de cambio, síntomas de ansiedad/depresión y características sociodemográficas). Realizamos un estudio observacional, transversal, pre-post con dos puntos de corte. Doscientos trece estudiantes participaron en el estudio. Las principales variables dependientes fueron la actividad física y el tiempo sentado, medidos mediante el Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física—Forma Corta (IPAQ-SF). Se utilizaron pruebas paramétricas y no paramétricas para datos apareados y no apareados, así como análisis estratificado por grupos. Durante el confinamiento aumentó tanto la actividad física semanal (DM: −159,87; IC: −100,44, −219,31) como el tiempo de sedestación semanal (DM: −106,76; IC: −71,85, −141,67). En el análisis de grupos se observaron diferencias en relación al sexo, año de estudio, IMC, consumo de alcohol, tabaquismo, síntomas de ansiedad/depresión, dieta mediterránea, situación de vida y etapa de cambio. Los resultados mostraron un aumento tanto en la actividad física como en el tiempo sentado a nivel mundial y por grupo. En el análisis de grupos se observaron diferencias en relación al sexo, año de estudio, IMC, consumo de alcohol, tabaquismo, síntomas de ansiedad/depresión, dieta mediterránea, situación de vida y etapa de cambio. Los resultados mostraron un aumento tanto en la actividad física como en el tiempo sentado a nivel mundial y por grupo. En el análisis de grupos se observaron diferencias en relación al sexo, año de estudio, IMC, consumo de alcohol, tabaquismo, síntomas de ansiedad/depresión, dieta mediterránea, situación de vida y etapa de cambio. Los resultados mostraron un aumento tanto en la actividad física como en el tiempo sentado a nivel mundial y por grupo